A&P II CH. 18 Heart

Select the correct statement about the heart valves. A) Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart. B) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle. C) The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. D) The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.

The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________. A) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output B) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate C) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration D) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

Chest pain resulting from the loss of oxygen to heart cells is called: A) stroke B) myocardial infarction C) angina pectoris D) endocarditis E) heart block

angina pectoris

The ________ carry blood away from the heart. A) venules B) arterioles C) capillaries D) arteries E) veins

arteries

The foramen ovale ________. A) is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close B) connected the two atria in the fetal heart C) is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus D) is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum

connected the two atria in the fetal heart

A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.

Fibrillation

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the: A) body B) brain C) digestive organs D) lungs E) skin

lungs

Exercise results in skeletal muscles compressing veins which encourages blood to return to the heart. In this scenario, which of the following is correct? A) preload increases B) end diastolic volume (EDV) decreases C) venous return decreases D) stroke volume decreases

preload increases

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________. A) pump blood with greater pressure B) pump blood through a smaller valve C) expand the thoracic cage during diastole D) accommodate a greater volume of blood

pump blood with greater pressure

The main function of the AV node is to A) relay the signal to contract from the right heart to the left heart. B) relay the signal to contract to the ventricles. C) initiate the heartbeat. D) set the rhythm of the heartbeat. E) relay the signal to contract from the right ventricle to the right atrium.

relay the signal to contract to the ventricles.

The tricuspid valve is located between the: A) left ventricle and aorta B) right atrium and left atrium C) right atrium and right ventricle D) left ventricle and pulmonary artery E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

right atrium and right ventricle

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________. A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum B) fifth right intercostal space C) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum D) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple

second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

During ventricular systole, the __________ valves __________. A) AV and semilunar . . . close B) AV . . . close C) semilunar . . . open D) semilunar . . . close E) AV . . . open

semilunar . . . open

The amount of blood returning to the heart is the A) stroke volume. B) end-diastolic volume. C) cardiac reserve. D) afterload. E) venous return.

venous return.

During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood? A) systole B) resting phase C) diastole D) atrial phase E) interphase

diastole

Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole: A) heart is relaxed B) pressure in ventricles rises C) atrioventricular valves close D) semilunar valves open E) blood rushes out of the ventricles

heart is relaxed

A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of: A) 6000 mL/minute B) 4500 mL/minute C) 120 mL/minute D) 1.25 mL/minute E) 0.8 mL/minute

4500 mL/minute

Given an end diastolic volume (EDV) of 120 ml / beat and an end systolic volume (ESV) of 50 ml / beat, the stroke volume (SV) would be ________. A) 120 ml / beat B) 50 ml / beat C) 170 ml / beat D) 70 ml / beat

70 ml / beat

Select the correct statement about cardiac output. A) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. B) Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases. C) Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume. D) If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased.

A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.

Death of heart muscle cells.

Infarction

Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen.

Ischemia

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells. (This one is a thinker) A) Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate. B) The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction. C) The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle. D) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.

The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. A) The fibrous cardiac skeleton forms the bulk of the heart. B) Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential. C) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts. D) The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium.

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle? A) The actin and myosin myofilaments are not arranged in sarcomeres. B) There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles. C) Its main source of ATP production is glycogen. D) Cardiac muscle goes into sustained contractions faster than skeletal muscle. E) Cardiac muscle preferentially metabolizes anaerobically.

There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles.

Which of the events below does NOT occur when the semilunar valves are open? A) Ventricles are in diastole. B) AV valves are closed. C) Ventricles are in systole. D) Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.

Ventricles are in diastole.

Which of the following receive(s) blood during ventricular systole? A) pulmonary arteries only B) aorta only C) pulmonary veins only D) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle when the semilunar valve closes is the A) ejection fraction. B) stroke volume. C) start-diastolic volume. D) end-systolic volume. E) end-diastole volume.

end-systolic volume.

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is: A) endocardium B) epicardium C) parietal layer of the serous pericardium D) either endocardium or epicardium E) myocardium

epicardium

Which of the following increases heart rate: A) cold B) low levels of potassium C) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation D) vagus nerve stimulation E) epinephrine

epinephrine

What structure divides the left from the right ventricle: A) interatrial septum B) chordae tendineae C) tricuspid valve D) interventricular septum E) bicuspid valve

interventricular septum

Pericardial fluid A) is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac. B) is located between the myocardium and the endocardium. C) flows through the four chambers of the heart. D) consists of plasma that has leaked out of whole blood. E) provides oxygen to the heart muscle.

is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac.

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart: A) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches B) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

The specific location of the heart pacemaker is the A) Purkinje fibers. B) sinoatrial node. C) atrioventricular node. D) heart center of the brain. E) None of the choices are correct.

sinoatrial node.

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the: A) cardiac cycle B) stroke volume C) cardiac output D) heart rate E) diastolic pressure

stroke volume

Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart by the: A) aorta B) superior and inferior vena cavae C) pulmonary trunk D) pulmonary arteries E) pulmonary veins

superior and inferior vena cavae

Which one of the following is true concerning the "lub-dup" sounds of the heart: A) the first sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the tricuspid valve; the second sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the mitral valve B) the first sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves; the second sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves C) the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves D) they are caused by contraction of the ventricles, followed by contraction of the atria E) the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the tricuspid valve; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the mitral valve

the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves

Pulmonary veins: A) split off the pulmonary trunk B) transport oxygenated blood to the heart C) transport blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs D) transport oxygenated blood to the lungs E) return blood to the right atrium of the heart

transport oxygenated blood to the heart