Abdominal vasculature - sonography

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Aortic rupture - sono findings

-abdominal aneurysm with an adjacent hematoma

Aortic Rupture - clinical findings

-decreased hematocrit -hypotension -pulsatile abdominal mass -abdominal bruit -back pain -abdominal pain -lower extremity pain

AAA - sono findings

-diameter of the abdominal aorta >3cm -thrombus within the lumen of the aorta -calcifications, along with the thrombus, may produce acoustic shadowing

Aortic dissection - clinical findings

-intense chest pain -hypertension -abdominal pain -lower back pain -neurologic symptoms

Pseudoaneurysm - sono findings

-perivascular hematoma containing swirling blood and has a neck connecting it to the vessel -color Doppler demonstration of turbulent flow within the mass

Aortic dissection - sono findings

-possible AAA -intimal flap may be noted within the aortic lumen

AAA - clinical findings

-pulsatile abdominal mass -abdominal bruit -back pain -abdominal pain -lower extremity pain

Pseudoaneurysm - clinical findings

-recent catheterization, surgical procedure, or trauma -pulsatile mass in the area of the puncture location

The diameter of the IVC should never exceed...

2.5cm

Aneurysms that measure greater than ? cm in diameter are more prone to rupture

7cm

A syndrome described as the occlusion of the hepatic veins, with possible co-existing occlusion of the IVC

Budd-Chiari syndrome

A contained rupture of a blood vessel that is most likely secondary to the disruption of one or more layers of that vessel's wall

False aneurysm (pseudoaneurysm)

The residual channel of a vessel created by the accumulation of a clot within that vessel

False lumen

Shaped like a spindle; wider in the middle and tapering towards the ends

Fusiform

The most common shape of an abdominal aneurysm...

Fusiform

The flow pattern that results from small arteries or arterioles that are contracted, which produces an increase in the resistance to blood flow to the structure that is being supplied

High-resistance flow

The most common location of an AAA...

Infrarenal

Observation of the intimal layer of a vessel as a result of a dissection

Intimal flap

The aorta originates at the...

Left ventricle

The flow pattern characterized by persistent flow throughout the cardiac cycle

Low-resistance flow

A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency

Marfan syndrome

Aneurysms caused by infection

Mycotic aneurysm

The IVC terminates at the...

Right atrium

Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of...

Right-sided heart failure

A saclike dilation of a blood vessel

Saccular aneurysm

A condition resulting in interruption or reduction of the blood supply to the small intestines

Small bowel ischemia

False (pseudoaneurysms) typically result from...

Some type of injury to an artery, as seen with interventional procedures, surgery, or trauma. -can also be associated with infection

The main portal vein is created by the union of...

The splenic vein and the SMV

A malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis

Transitional cell carcinoma

The enlargement of a vessel that involves all three layers of the wall

True aneurysm

The true channel within a vessel

True lumen

The outer wall layer of a vessel

Tunica adventitia

The inner wall of a vessel

Tunica intima

The middle, muscular layer of a vessel

Tunica media

-The most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass -a malignant pediatric renal mass that may also be referred to as nephroblastoma

Wilms tumor


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