Abnormal psych Ch. 7: Understanding Mood Disorders

Researchers conduct family studies to examine the potential influence of genes on the development of mood disorders. Which of the following findings would provide the strongest evidence that there is a genetic contribution to mood disorders?

Finding 2: An individual with a first-degree relative who has a mood disorder is two to three times more likely to also develop a mood disorder.

Researchers conduct twin studies to examine the potential influence of genes on the development of mood disorders. Which of the following have researchers discovered about unipolar and bipolar mood disorders in identical twins?

Finding 3: If one identical twin has a unipolar mood disorder, the other twin is much more likely to have a unipolar mood disorder than a bipolar mood disorder.

The most severe form of depression is called a major depressive episode. Identify the symptoms that are characteristic of a major depressive episode. Check all that apply. altered sleep habits racing thoughts sluggish movements anger directed at others

altered sleep habits sluggish movements

Becomes overwhelmingly nervous about leaving the house during major depressive episodes

anxious distress

Frances has been diagnosed with moderate double depression. Although her weight remains relatively stable during dysthymic phases, she almost always gains weight during major depressive episodes because she tends to sleep a lot and overeat. Which specifier likely applies to Frances's diagnosis?

atypical features

Oversleeps extensively during major depressive episodes

atypical features

Hubert has a mood disorder, and his fluctuations in mood states are illustrated on the following graph. Identify whether Hubert has a unipolar or bipolar mood disorder.

bipolar

Alex has been diagnosed with a recurrent, severe form of major depressive disorder. During depressive episodes, he hears voices that aren't really there, moves very little, and is generally unresponsive to external stimuli. Which specifiers seem to apply to Alex's diagnosis?

catatonic and psychotic features

Experiences catalepsy during major depressive episodes

catatonic features

Frances has been diagnosed with moderate double depression. Although her weight remains relatively stable during dysthymic phases, she almost always gains weight during major depressive episodes because she tends to sleep a lot and overeat. Frances's diagnosis and specifier indicate that she is at greater risk for all of the following except:

developing schizophrenia

Felix's therapist decides to treat his SAD with exposure to bright light in the morning during the winter. What side effect is Felix most likely to experience from this treatment?

headaches

A manic episode includes an extended period of elevated mood, often accompanied by excessive feelings of joy and hyperactivity. A less severe version of a manic episode is known as a episode, while experiencing depression or anxiety at the same time as mania is known as a episode.

hypomanic; mixed features

Research suggests that, in terms of its impact on mood disorders, the absolute level of any neurotransmitter is... its level relative to other neurotransmitters.

less important than

Compared to people with major depressive disorder, people with persistent depressive disorder are: More likely to recover within a year More likely to attempt suicide Less likely to attempt suicide Less likely to have symptoms lasting longer than a year

less likely to attempt suicide

Adolescents experience depressive disorders adults and prepubertal children.

less than; more than

Which depressive disorder features symptoms that are milder but longer lasting than the symptoms of the other depressive disorders?

persistent depressive disorder

Given Alex's diagnosis and specifiers, what other disorder should his therapist be concerned about him having or developing?

schizophrenia

Has a major depressive episode every Christmas, and symptoms last for a few months

seasonal pattern

Partly because it helps regulate emotional reactions, researchers believe that...... plays an important role in the development of mood disorders.

serotonin

A person diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder before the age of 21 is likely to have the disorder for a, period of time and be, responsive to treatment.

shorter; more

What sleep disturbances are characteristic of individuals with depression?

REM sleep begins earlier and is more intense

Which finding best supports the stress hypothesis of the etiology of depression?

Depressed patients have higher cortisol levels than nondepressed patients.

Which of the following statements about the length of untreated major depressive first episodes is true?

Most episodes go away within a year.

Using the graph, identify the scenario that accurately characterizes Hubert's mood state during Week 2.

Scenario 1: Hubert is self-confident and ready to take on the world. He has been spending a lot of money lately and impulsively buying shoes.

A person's culture often has an impact on the development of mood disorders, particularly depression. Which of the following statements accurately describe the relationship between depression and culture? Check all that apply. People who live in a collectivist culture tend to view depression as an individual issue. Some cultures experience depression at higher rates than others. Genes account for nearly all of the cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of depression.

Some cultures experience depression at higher rates than others. Genes account for nearly all of the cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of depression.

After losing a loved one, it is natural for people to feel a sense of grief. This typically consists of sadness, anxiety, and emotional numbness, all of which are depressive symptoms. As time goes on, this acute grief often evolves into integrated grief. Which of the following is the best description of integrated grief?

The grieving individual accepts the loss and begins to focus on the positive memories of his or her loved one.

Which of the following is true about major depressive disorder in adolescents?

They are less likely to have major depression than younger adults but more likely to have mild depressive symptoms.

Which of the following is true about mood disorders with older adults?

They are more likely than younger adults to have both major depression and bipolar disorders.

What does recent research suggest is a mechanism by which elevated levels of stress hormones may lead to mood disorders?

They inhibit the development of new neurons in the hippocampus.

Research suggests that people today are likely than their grandparents to experience major depression between the ages of .

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