ACT-E

What are the changes made by identifying the six errors/failures?

- ATM's incorporate aircrew coordination into every task - Development of the aircrew coordination annual sustainment course

What three essential qualities support aircrew coordination Principle 1, 'Communicate effectively and timely'?

- Announce and Acknowledge descisions and actions - Ensure the statements and directives are clear, timely, relevant, complete, and verified - Be explicit

What are the hazardous attitudes that may impede the decision making process?

- Anti-authority - Impulsiveness - Invulnerability - Macho - Resignation - "Get there-itis" - Over confidence

What things should you do to have effective listening?

- Attend to the sender - Ask questions if unsure of message - Restate message if necessary - Acknowledge verbally or by actions

What are ways of managing high workloads?

- Awareness level high workload - Delegate - Prioritize tasks - Expand time available

What are the effects of low workload?

- Awareness low - Mind wandering - Inattention - Drowsiness/Boredom - Complacency

What are the situational awareness problems?

- Boredom - Complancency - Uncertainty - Frustration - Anger

What are the other names that have been used for aircrew coordination?

- Cockpit Resource Management (CRM)* - Integrated resource management - Crew coordination

What are the three types of coercion?

- Command climate - Command pressure - Cockpit pressure

Which two principles combine to produce the Objective 1, 'Establish and maintain team relationships'?

- Communicate effectively & timely - Sustain a climate ready & prompt assitance

What are the three levels of motivation?

- Compliance - Identification - Internalization

What are three classifications of tasks?

- Critical - Important - Routine

Which objectives are associated with the Principal 3, 'Effectively manage and coordinate actions, events, and workloads'?

- Cross monitor performance - Establish & maintain efficient workloads

Features of Army aircrew coordination.

- Emphasizes team formation, communication, and pre-mission planning and rehearsal. - Utilizes standardized terminology during all mission phases.

What are the situational awareness influences?

- Experience - Training - Physical flying - Spatial Disorientation - Physical and emotional health - Attitude

How do you deal with distractions pertaining to aircrew coordination?

- Ignore - Delay - Delegate - Handle

What are two of the team management problems associate with aircrew coordination?

- Lack of support - SOP ignored - Stress problems - Emotional problems - Judgement problems - Get Home-'itis' - Management problems - Communication problems - Leadership problems - Descipline problems

What are the three types of unexpected events?

- Malfunction - Sudden loss of visual reference near the ground - Inadvertent IMC - Unusual environmental conditions - Near mid-air collisions - Short notice in-flight mission changes - Encounters with threat

What are the manangement styles associated with aircrew coordination?

- Nurturing - Autonomous\ - Balancer - Aggressive - Assertive

What are the causes of high workload in aircrew coordination?

- Poor planning and rehearsal - Unexpected events - Weather and the environment - ATC - Cockpit design - Mission complexity - Crew endurance

What are the five phases of aircrew coordination?

- Pre-mission planning - In-flight - Post-mission - Inquiry and questioning - Advocacy and assertion

What things should you do to have effective speaking?

- Standardized terminology - Avoid local terms or slang - Position "mike" correctly - Concise brevity (brief and to the point) - Know what you want to say (think before speaking)

How do you prepare for the unexpected events?

- Technically and tactically proficient. - Pre-mission planning and rehearsal. - Reminders during in-flight periods of low workload.

With regard to the Principle 1, 'Communicate effectively & timely', when is communication effective?

- The sender directs, announces, requests, or offers information. - The receiver acknowledges the information. - The sender confirms the receipt of information, based on the receiver's acknowledgement and or action. - Is quickly and clearly understood. - Permits timely action. - Makes use of a limited vocabulary of explicit terms and phrases to improve understanding in a high ambient noise environment.

What are three techniques to break the error chain?

- Two challenge rule - Positive team building - Detailed pre-mission planning and rehearsal

What events are present in aviation accidents?

- Two sudden loss of visual reference near the ground - Malfunctions - Maneuvers during formation flight - NVG descents over low contrast surfaces - Approaches into tight LZs with numerous obstacles

What are the eight Army aircrew coordination qualities?

1) Announce and acknowledge 2) Ensure clear directives 3) Be explicit 4) Direct assistance 5) Prioritize 6) Situational awareness 7) Mission changes and updates 8) Offer assistance

What are the four essential Army aircrew coordination principles?

1) Communicate 2) Sustain 3) Manage 4) Situational aircraft control

What are the four essential aircrew coordination principles?

1) Communicate effectively and timely 2) Sustain a climate of ready & prompt assistance 3) Manage & coordinate actions, events, and workloads 4) Provide situational aircraft & mission advisories

What are the four Army aircrew coordination objectives?

1) Establish and maintain team relationships 2) Establish and maintain efficient workloads 3) Exchange mission information 4) Cross-monitor performance

How many objectives are there in aircrew coordination?

4

How many errors/failures are there?

6

How many qualities are associated with aircrew coordination?

8

Which management type is discouraged?

Aggressive

What is the purpose of aircrew coordination?

Aircrew coordination enhances the vital communication between all crewmembers and streamlines the sequence and timing in which procedures and maneuvers required for aircraft control and successful mission accomplishment are executed.

What is the description of aircrew coordination?

Aircrew coordination is a set of principle, attitudes, procedures, and techniques that transforms individuals into an effective crew. Aircrew coordination training is a vital part of the overall unit training program.

What is the definition of aircrew coordination?

Aircrew coordination is the cooperative interaction between crewmembers necessary for safe, efficient, and effective performance of flight tasks.

Which decision making style is more thorough and takes more data into account?

Analytical

What are the two decision making styles that the Army recognizes in the decision making process?

Analytical and Automatic

Which management type is encouraged?

Assertive

How were the six errors/failures associated with aircrew coordination identified?

Based on accident investigations.

Quality 2, 'Ensure that statements and directives are clear, timely, relevant, complete and verified': Information must be ____________ __________, _______ ______________, and said at the ________ ______________ possible.

Clearly understood, not confusing, easiest opportunity

I do it because I have to

Compliance

What do disagreement and differences cause?

Conflict

What is one identifying factor of an ineffective crew?

Crews are composed of crewmembers who are unable to balance task and personnel considerations.

_________________ is the act of rendering a solution to a problem and defining and action plan.

Decision making

Quality 8, 'Offer assistance': When should crewmembers offer assistance?

Detect errors or see other crewmembers need help

What should your actions be in the aircraft with regard to Quality 1, 'Announce and acknowledge decisions and actions'?

Effective and well coordinated

What is one identifying factor of an effective crew?

Effective crews are composed of assertive crewmembers who consistently engage in situational leadership.

What is the objective of the pre-mission planning and rehearsal?

Entire crew understands all mission requirements and understands their role in accomplishing the requirements.

What are the influences for situational awareness?

Experience and Training

Principle 2, 'Sustain a climate of ready and prompt assistance': When do crewmembers have a responsibility to maintain situational awareness?

For mission requirements, flight regulations, operating procedures and safety.

Which incapacitation is related to alcohol?

Gross

What is HEART and what is it used for?

Human Error Accident Reduction Training - Primarily written for safety officers

I do it because he/she is doing it

Identification

I do it because I want to

Internalization

Nobody flying the aircraft, nobody looking out the window, departure from SOP are types of ____________ in the error/poor judgement chain.

Links in error/poor judgement chain.

What is motivation?

Motivation is the basic internal desire that drives an individual towards a personal goal. -- *Provide incentives

Quality 4, 'Direct assistance': what does the PC ensure are clearly assigned and efficiently distributed to prevent overloading of a crewmember?

PC ensures that all crew duties and mission responsibilities are clearly assigned and efficiently distributed.

What are three of the barriers to communication in aircrew coordination?

Physical, Mental, Interpersonal, Noise, Word Usage, Stress, Fatigue, Emotion

Time available, type of mission, crew familiarity with current tactical situation, area of operations, SOP, the planning process are some of the factors which affect ____________ and ____________?

Planning and Rehearsal

Cause of high workload?

Poor planning and rehearsal

What is aircrew coordination Objective 4?

Provide situational aircraft & mission advisories

When you avoid using terms that have multiple meanings, such as, "right", "back up", or "I have it" you are using what quality?

Quality 3, Be explicit

Depending upon the management style and the crew climate, crewmembers should free to?

Raise questions regarding plans, revisions to plans, actions to be taken, and the status of key information.

What is advocacy?

Stronger than a recommendation, this is a positive declarationin favor of a set of possibilities; It is the obligation to speak out in support of a course of action different than being planned or followed.

Which incapacitation is related to work and stress?

Subtle

What are two types of incapacitation?

Subtle and Gross

Who sets the tone of the crew and maintains the working environment?

The PC

When crewmembers disagree on a course of action, what mus the crew do?

The crew must be effective in resolving the disagreement.

What is assertion?

To state a position with some force or conviction; The forceful, non-threatening statement of a belief, feeling, position, or ideas concerning a situation with which one is uncomfortable.