Adv.Chemistry Chapter 1

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Organic

(carbon) developing a new carbon-based fiber for clothing

Inorganic

(no carbon) comparing the hardness of copper and silver

PAGE 12

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What are the eight big ideas listed in this section?(list 4)

1. Chemistry as a central science 2. Electrons and the structure of atoms 3. Bonding and interactions 4. Reactions 5. Kinetic theory 6. The mole and quantifying matter 7. Matter and energy 8. Carbon chemistry

What are the central themes of chemistry?

1. Chemsitry as the central science 5.Kinetic theory 2.Electrons and the structure of atoms 6.the mole of quantifying matter 3.Bonding and interactions 7. Matter and energy 4.Reaction 8. carbon chemistry

2 ways that chemists can help to meet the demand for energy:

1. Conserve it 2. Produce more

Pros of PLA:

1. Made from reuseable resources 2. Less energy 3. better for environment

3 new materials that chemists have developed that have medical implications?

1. Materials to replace or repair body parts 2. diseased arteries can be replaced with plastic tubes 3. Artificial hips and knees made from metals and plastics can replace worn out joints

Applying scientific method:

1. Observation: Flashlight will not light 2. Hypothesis #1: Batteries are dead 3. Experiment #1: try new batteries -independent variable-new batteries -dependent variable-flahslight still will not light 4. Hypothesis #2- Light bulb is burnt out 5. Experiment #2: Try a new lightblub -Independent variable: new light bulb -Dependent variable-Flashlight will light

what are the 2 skills that you may need to use as you calculate an answer to a problem?

1. convert a measurement from 1 unit to another 2. rearrange an equation before solving

Cons of PLA

1. melts at low temp 2. Made from corn 3. difficult to dispose of

What are 3 reasons to study chemistry?

1. useful in explaining the natural world 2. Prepares people for career opportunities 3. Produces informed citizens

Chemsitry, technology, and society(4)

1.Materials and environment-protect and conserve 2. Energy- make more, store, conserve 3.Medicine and biotechnology, Artificial limb/body parts/ arteries 4. The universe-we use earthly chemistry and apply it there

Scientific Method

1.Observation 2.Hypothesis 3.Experiment 4.Theory 5.Scientific law

what are the 5 traditional areas of study in chemistry?

1.Organic 2. Inorganic 3. Biochemistry 4. Analytical 5. Physical

Carbon chemistry:

10m carbon-cantaining compounds

Volcanized rubber-

1830's-Chareles Goodyear. Thoams hancock re-invented it in 1843. named after the roman God of Fire, Vulcan

In _____ granulated

1957

sticky noyes---

1968-spencer silver

Chemists have analysed more than _____

850pds of moon rocks(similar to volcanic rocks)(might have been volcanoes on moon's surface

what are some problems that chemists must consider when developing new technologies?

Bad chemical reaction and chemicals that could be harmful to yourself and/or the enviornment

Why does chemistry affect all aspects of life?

Chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events because all living and non-living things are made of matter

What is chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

What is chemistry also known as?

Chemsitry is also known as the central science because it is fundamental to the understanding of all other sciences

What is the role of chemistry in the development of medicines?

Chemsitry supplies medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients

Sacchari-1879-

Constantine Fahlberg-looking for new use for coal but didn't wash his hands after working in the lab. Ate substance on hands. Sold as a tablet from 1890-1940.

Analytical ex:

Determining the amount of mercury present in a soil sample

What is involved in effective problem solving?(2)

Developing and implementing a plan

Carrers that require chemistry knowledge

Ex: Truf managers/fire fighters/reporter

Ex:

Matches, the compounds in the match head and h2o are the reactants and new compounds are the products

what is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space

Ex:

Plastics and synthetic fibers (from petroleum)

why won't the method used to discover the chemical composition of stars work for the moon and planets?

The moon and planets do not emit light

what did the chemists learn about the moon's surface by analyzing moon rocks?

There might have been volcanoes on the moon's surface at one point in time

what is a scientific law?

a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

what is the scientific method?

a logical systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem

what are the 3 steps for solving numeric problems?

a. analyze b. calculate c. evaluate

pure chemistry can lead to directly to an application, but ....

an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works

Chemistis usually work in more than one area at a time Ex:

an organic chemist using analytical chemistry to determine the composition of an organic chemical

Elements are composed of

atoms

The field that applies science to the production of biological products is:

biochemistry

Most chemicals found in organisms contain:

carbon

Organic chemistry was originally defined as the study of

carbon-based chemicals found in organisms

a ______ variable is observed during an experiment

dependent

Biochemistry ex:

developing a better insulin delivery system for diabetics

Lactic acid is also found in:

exercising muscles

Analytical

focuses on the composition of matter

name an everyday situation that requires problems-solving skills

food shopping/comparison shopping/tips

How did Lavoisier help to transform chemistry?

he designed a balance that could measure mass to the nearest 0.0005 gram

pierre janssen discovered

helium

In 1895 Wiliam Ramsay discovered

helium on earth

Ex:

if you go to the moon you may weight less, but you still take up the same amount of space

a ______variable is changed during an experiment

independent

Physical Chem ex:

investigating ways to slow down the rusting of steel

Polylactic acid(PLA)

is a bioplastic made from corn. can be used as a plastic substitute.

helium was named by

joseph norman(on the sun's surface)(helios-sun)

scientists can learn about the chemical composition of stars by analyzing the __ transmitted to earth

light

In the early 1800'sscientists began to study the composition of stars by analyzing the..

light they transmitted to earth

Matter is anything with : (2)

mass and volume

mass

measure of the amount of matter

Alchemists developed processes for separating

mixtures and purifying chemicals

atoms contain

nuclei and electrons

Carbon compounds are the basis

of life in all living organisms

another name for a big idea is

organizing principle

lavoisier Demonstrated that _____ is necessary for materials to burn

oxygen

kenetic theory

particles in matter are in constant motion

Most plastics are made by using/ derived from

petrochemicals which are chemical products derived from petroleum

Applied chemistry:

research that is directed to a particle goal or application

Polytetrafluereothy lene, 1938-

roy J. Plunkett used from nonstick products, stain repellent, electrical cables, and soil

Practical alchemy focused on

searching for a way to change metals such as lead into gold (europe) (asia-elixer of life)

motions vary with change in

temperatur and pressure determine whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas

Physical

the area of chemistry that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes change

the type of products obtained in a chemical reaction is largely determined by

the electrons in the reacting chemicals

Weight

the force of gravity on an object

technology:

the means by which a society provides it member with the things needed and desired

Pure chemistry:

the pursuit of chemical knowledge for it's own sake

Organic?

the study of chemicals that contain carbon

Inorganic

the study of chemicals that do not contain carbon

Biochemistry

the stuy of processes that take place in living organisms

How are journals helpful to scientists?

they help them keep up with new discoveries

weak bonds between particles of an element or compound can also contribute

to the properties of the material

Mole???

used to specify the amount of material

what must you determine first when solving a word problem?

where you are starting from and where you are going

Chemical reactions envolve processes in

which reactants produce products


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