African American History test 1

6. Name 2 uniquely American music art forms that have origins in the African American community.

1) Jazz 2) Ragtime

5.Cite one examples of racial etiquette reinforcing racial inequality. How many lynchings occurred each week by the turn of the 20th Century?

1) did not shake hands b) 3 lynching per week

1. Cite two demands in the radical Omaha Platform that addressed those common interests.

1) secret ballot 2) popular election of U.S senators

2) How did Du Bois's and Washington's approaches to improving the condition of black men differ?

A) Du Bois, unlike Washington, did not think blacks should be submissive to whites and wait for change.

4) Who was the first prominent jazz musician?

A) Jelly Roll Morton

2)How did black workers attempt to change their working conditions?

A) Some organized into unions.

2)What were "grandfather clauses"?

A)voting restriction clauses which held that someone could vote only if his father or grandfather had been able to vote before a certain time, usually the end of slavery

1.What did the Thirteenth Amendment achieve? What were the two choices in race relations presented to the U.S. following the Civil War?

Abolished slavery b)1) full racial equality 2)white supremacy

6.b.Cite two steps backward introduced by President Woodrow Wilson What did the Army do to prevent Colonel Charles Young from leading troops in World War I?

Adopted Jim Crow in U.S. Government, b) Forced him to retire due to "high blood pressure"

3.Who rescinded these early steps toward economic equality? What did President Andrew Johnson do to sanction these acts of violence?

Andrew Johnson b) ex-Confederates

3) Which of the following is true about blacks in business in the late nineteenth century?

B) In order to succeed in business, blacks generally had to cater to other blacks.

1) Where did the term "buffalo soldiers" originate?

B) Native Americans admired blacks' fighting abilities and thought their hair similar to that of the buffalo.

3) Why did many northern congressmen oppose the land bill introduced by Thaddeus Stevens in Congress in late 1865?

B) They viewed the property rights of white southerners as more important than granting land to blacks.

3) Who were the "talented tenth"?

B) They were the top ten percent of black society; leaders like Du Bois felt that this group should lead blacks to greater social and political equality.

3) What is true about the early NAACP?

B) White leaders dominated and financed it.

2) How was Booker T. Washington's message received by whites?

B) Whites embraced his nonthreatening acceptance of white superiority.

3) What was the "shotgun policy"?

B) a massive campaign of violence against blacks in Mississippi to bring the state back under "civilized" white control

5) What art form gradually replaced ragtime in popularity in the early twentieth century?

B) jazz

4) Which church was the only significant one in early twentieth century America that was truly interracial?

B) the Pentecostal

4)What were the actual reasons for many lynchings?

B)Many times, blacks who were lynched had competed economically with whites.

1) How is the issue of freedom for blacks connected to the subject of land after the Civil War?

C) Blacks wanted their own private lands after receiving freedom.

4)What is true about the end of Reconstruction?

C) It left few lasting benefits for blacks.

1) How did class and social status divide blacks during Reconstruction?

C) Leaders who were former slaves and those who were free could not agree on strategy.

2) Which of the following was a limitation of the Freedmen's Bureau?

C) The Freedmen's Bureau was given huge responsibilities but insufficient funds to carry out its tasks.

4) What did many race riots of the early twentieth century have in common?

C) The causes of the riots often included whites charging sexual misconduct against black men.

1) What skills were stressed for blacks and Native Americans at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute?

C) learning hard work in a trade, Christian morality, and middle-class values

3)Where did the term "Jim Crow" originate.

C)It was the name of a routine in a popular white minstrel show that ridiculed black people.

8.a.Cite the first major race riot after World War I. b)What was the worst case of civilian violence until 9/11?

Chicago Tulsa race riot, 1921

1) What did the Niagara Movement demand in 1905?

D) It argued that blacks should protest vigorously for their rights, better schools, housing, and an end to racial prejudice.

2)What did white southerners mean when they said they wanted to "redeem" their states?

D) They wanted to remove blacks and Republicans from political office.

1)What was the result of the popularity of the Populist Party among blacks in the South?

D)It heightened fears of white southerners that African Americans might gain political power.

Who was the greatest folk hero among African American scientists?

George Washington Carver

5.What was the history of leftist and miners' unions? Why did labor usually fail when it went out on strikes?

Integrated Unions b)failed because of government support for management

2.a.What was the name of Washington's network of contacts in the U.S.? Name one white leaders Washington had influence over. William H. Baldwin, Julius

The Tuskegee Machine b) John D. Rockefeller

Compare and contrast Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois approach to education and how to respond to disfranchisement, segregation, and white violence

Washington approach to education was to give opportunity to prosper economically. Du Bois, unlike Washington, did not think blacks should be submissive to whites and wait for change.

2nd half

Washington approach to white supremacy was accommodation. he felt that blacks should temporarily surrender Political and civil rights?

1.a.What was Booker T. Washington's approach to white supremacy and progress in race relations to address the "Negro problem?" What did he surrender, temporarily?

accommodation b) Political and civil rights

Cite one example of Booker T. Washington's success with the Tuskegee model.

b)built Tuskegee into largest college in the south

5.Cite one cases where the Supreme Court of the U.S. canceled Fourteenth Amendment rights between 1873 and 1883. What was the worst single day of bloodshed during Reconstruction?

civil rights case (1883) b) Colfax massacre, LA (1873)

3.What did the white South Carolina Inspector General accuse the soldiers of the 25th Infantry in Brownsville, Texas affair? What kind of punishment was given despite the absence of any evidence?

conspiracy of silence b) group punishment

7.Cite one reasons for Jack Johnson inspiring rage among whites. Cite one consequences of white rage against Johnson defeating white supremacy and defying the color line.

defeated white supremacy in the ring b) race riots

1. What happened to many of the convicts in the convict lease system? How did Social Darwinism divide the human race?

died of abuse and disease b)into fit and unfit

3.What was the real objective for Mississippi white supremacists restricting voting rights among? in Williams v. Mississippi, 1898, sanction? What did the Supreme Court cancel until 1965?

disenfranchise African american b)fifteenth amendent

7.Cite one examples of African American farm families being victimized by an economy controlled by Jim Crow laws and white supremacists. Why did whites resent the economic success of African Americans?

enslaved and victimized by crop liens b) African american inferiority and inequality

5.Cite the second provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to ban discrimination. What was the penalty in the fourth provision of the Fourteenth Amendment?

equal protection clause b) penalized states that denied any male citizen the right to vote

2. Cite one examples of the Freedmen's Bureau helping slaves achieve economic and social equality. What was the chief weakness of the Freedmen's Bureau?

established 3000 schools b) lack of agents and never fully funded

4.What was the great failure of Reconstruction governments? What was the impact of the Enforcement Act of 1871?

failed to improve lives of constituents b) KKK went into hiding and violence subside

5.What was William J. Seymour's role in the development of Pentecostalism? Name the leading African American Holiness denomination that became Pentecostal.

founded the Pentecostal church b)church of god in Christ

1.What did the Military Reorganization Act of 1869 retain? What was the result of discrimination against African Americans in the U.S. Naval Academy?

four African american regiment b)none graduated

1.Cite the most important provision in the Military Reconstruction Act for African American political equality in the South. Cite the myth about Scalawags.

gave freedmen the right to vote b) traitors to white race and the south

3. What was African American political leaders' role in Reconstruction governments? Cite one achievements of Reconstruction governments.

held a minority of offices b) open first public school in the south

2. Cite the myth about Black Republicans. Cite the myth about Redeemers.

lusted after white women and unfit to lead b) white republicans dominated govts

7.a.Cite an example of discrimination during World War I. Cite one example of a race riot during World War I.

no combat training b)East St. Louis, Houston

4.How did African Americans respond to exclusion from white businesses and corporations? Name one successful African American entrepreneurs by the turn of the 20th century.

opened and operated own business b) Madam C.J. Walker

2." Cite the greatest obstacle to the education of African Americans. Cite one legislated obstacle to the education of African Americans in the South.

opposition of ruling whites b) hand me downs

3.a.What did Washington's critics focus on? c.What impact did his book have on his relationship with Washington?

political and civil rights b) First attack on Washington

6.What did whites often assume about lynchings that was rarely the case? Who disproved the assumption with her research in the 1890s?

rape on white women b) Ida R. Wells

4.What was the intent of the term Jim Crow? What did U.S. Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson sanction in 1896?

ridicule African american b)separate but equal

6. How did Republicans on the Electoral Commission effectively steal the 1876 presidential election? Cite one consequences of the Compromise of 1877 confirming the decision by the Electoral Commission.

straight party line vote b) last federal troop withdrawn from the south

4. What did Washington consider the objective of higher education?

to give opportunity to prosper economically

4. How did the Fourteenth Amendment define citizenship? Cite the first provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to ban discrimination.

u.s Birth b) due process clause banned discrimination

2.What did militant white supremacist Democrats use to divide white farmers from African American farmers. What was the central white phobia promoted relentlessly to create an impenetrably wall between whites and African Americans to preserve racial purity and white supremacy?

use race and fear b) race mixing

2 What did African American soldiers endure in Georgia and Florida before embarking for Cuba during the Spanish American War? What did Theodore Roosevelt admit in 1900?

violence b) admitted African American solders saved his life

4.a.Who dominated the NAACP in it first decades? What legislative goal eluded the NAACP?

white leader b) Federal anti-lynching statute