U.S. history Ch15

William T. Sherman

Noted for his bold military strategy, this Union general led his troops on a "scorched earth" march from Atlanta to the sea in 1864 before heading north to more military victories in the Carolinas.

Emancipation Proclamation

On January 1,1863, President Lincoln proclaimed that the slaves of the Confederacy were free. Since the South had not yet been defeated, the proclamation did not immediately free anyone, but it made emancipation an explicit war aim in the North.

extended the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific

The Crittenden compromise would have ________.

only slaves in the Confederate-controlled areas

The Emancipation Proclamation freed ________.

Fort Sumter

The first shots of the Civil War were fired at ________.

Vicksburg

The victory at ________ gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

The election of President Lincoln

What caused seven states to secede from the Union before any shots had been fired?

a combination of racial prejudice and class conflict

What caused the New York Riot of July 1863?

cleanliness, nutrition, and medical care in Northern army camps

What did the Sanitary Commission promote?

to re-create the Union as it had been before the Republican Party Correct

Which best describes the South's goal in seceding from the Union?

Sherman destroyed almost anything of military or economic value in his path.

Which statement best characterizes Sherman's march through Georgia?

General Robert E. Lee

Who surrendered to the Union Army at Appomattox Court House in April of 1865?

People recognized that emancipation could be used as a weapon against the South's economic and social systems.

Why did Northern sentiment to free the slaves increase as the war dragged on?

When given a choice of whether to fight for or against states that had already seceded, those states sided with the Confederacy.

Why did Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina join the Confederacy only after the attack at Fort Sumter?

Crittenden compromise

faced with the specter of secession and war, Congress tried and failed to resolve the sectional crisis in the months between Lincoln's election and Inaguration. The leading proposal, introduced by Kentucky senator John Crittenden, would have extended the Missouri Compromise line west to the Pacific.

John Wilkes Booth

A noted actor and Confederate supporter, he shot and killed President Lincoln at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865, then was surrounded and killed at a farm in northern Virginia 12 days later.

Sanitary commission

An association chartered by the Union government during the Civil wR to promote health in the northern army's camps through attention to cleanliness, nutrition, and medical care.

George McClellan

He succeeded Winfield Scott as general-in-chief of the Union Army, but was removed in 1862 by President Lincoln, who became frustrated with his failure to take the offensive. He ran against Lincoln as a Democrat in 1864 on a platform of ending the war.

Copperheads

Northern Democrates suspected of being indifferent of hostile to the Union cause in the Civil War.

Clement Vallandigham

A Democratic congressman from Ohio, he was an outspoken leader of the anti-war Copperheads, which resulted in his arrest and deportation to the South in 1863. He then went to Canada, where he ran for governor of Ohio but was defeated.

George Meade

A Union general, his forces maintained the high ground against Confederate assaults at the decisive Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863.

Ulysses S. Grant

A failed businessman and borderline alcoholic, he became a Civil War hero and the 18th president. He led Union forces to success in the West, was promoted to general in chief in 1864 and forced Lee to sign surrender papers at Appomattox Courthouse the following year.

Robert E. Lee

A highly respected career officer with the U.S. Army, he was offered command of the Union Army at the outbreak of the Civil War, but declined to go against his native Virginia. He then accepted a similar position with the Confederate Army, which he held until his surrender at Appomattox.

The United States became a more highly organized country in which large corporations grew.

As a result of the war, how did the American society change?

John Crittenden

As senator from Kentucky, in 1861 he proposed a compromise that would have extended the Missouri Compromise line between free and slave west to the Pacific. It died amid opposition from newly elected President Lincoln.

should act as a unit rather than secede one at a time

Cooperationists believed that the slave states ________.

were militant antiwar activists

Copperheads ________.

Greenbacks

Currency issued by the Union beginning in 1862

200,000

During the Civil War, about ________ African Americans served in the Union Army.

Suffered from severe inflation

During the war, the Confederate economy ________.

Jefferson Davis

He served two terms as senator from Mississippi and was secretary of war prior to his election as president of the Confederacy, a title he held until the end of the Civil War.

Writ of Habeas Corpus

In 1861, Lincoln declared martial law and suspended the _________ in the area between Philadelphia and Washington.

Struggle to preserve the union

In the beginning, the Civil War was a ________.

cooperationists

In the late 1860s, southern secessionists debated two strategies; unilateral secession by each state or "cooperative" secession by the Douth as a whole. The cooperation it's lost the debate

Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson

Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson - One of the Confederacy's best commanders, he led his army to considerable success on the battlefield until he was fatally wounded by friendly fire at Chancellorsville, Va., in 1863

Resorted to a draft

To secure the necessary troops for the war, both the North and the South ________.