All BIO Exam 2 Practice Questions
How much ATP does one round of the Calvin Cycle use? a) 14 b) 16 c) 18 d) 20
18
How much ATP does glycolysis produce (net)?
2 ATP
What is the total maximum amount of ATP that is produced per glucose during glucose metabolism? a. about 8-10 ATP b. about 16-18 ATP c. about 28-30 ATP d. about 36-38 ATP
36-38 ATP
MRNA is read from: __________.
5' to 3'
What is a Ligand?
A signaling molecule
What is the sequence pairing in DNA?
A to T, G to C
Which of the following codons is the start codon?
AUG
The function of a membrane protein is... A. Transport B. Enzymatic activity C. Signal Transduction D. Attachment E. All of the Above
All of the Above
Plasmodesmata are intercellular junctions between plant cells that: A. Join cells together or link cells to the Extracellular Matrix B. Direct cytoplasmic connections between adjacent cells C. Occur in the middle lamella between plant cells D. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is the product of the Citric Acid (Krebs) cycle? A. ATP B. NADH C. FADH D. All of the above.
All of the above
Programmed cell death is AKA... A. meiosis B. cell genesis C. apoptosis D. autophagy
Apoptosis
Signals can intentionally cause a cell to die. What is this called?
Apoptosis
What type of cell signaling secrete molecules to bind to the cell surface?
Autocrine Signaling
When a cell responds to a signal it sent, this is an example of A. contact dependent signaling B. autocrine signaling C. direct intracellular signaling D. paracrine signaling E. endocrine signaling
Autocrine signaling
What is the name of the signaling molecule that is responsible for the process of phototropism?
Auxin
The assembly of transcription factors begins
C) upstream from the transcription start site.
Which cycle uses (oxidizes) ATP and NADPH? A. Carbon Cycle B. Hydrolic Cycle C. Cell-division Cycle D. Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle
The CAM protein, cadherin, connects cells to what?
Cells
Plant cell walls are made mostly of ________?
Cellulose
ATP synthase captures ____________ energy to produce ATP during the light reaction. A. Light B. Mitochondrial C. NAPDH D. Chemiosmotic
Chemiosmotic
What is the major light capturing pigment?
Chlorophyll A
What tissue type is cells joining together to create continuous sheets that cover and line internal organs?
Connective Tissue
1.) In bacteria, transcription and translation occur in the __________
Cytoplasm
Where does glycolysis take place? A. Mitochondrial matrix B. Mitochondrial membrane C. Mitochondrial innermembrane D. Cytosol
Cytosol
Which is not a function of the extracellular matrix?
DNA Replication is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix. Support, adhesion, and movements ARE all functions of the extracellular matrix.
Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from ___ to complementary strands of ___.
DNA; mRNA
When it comes to the types of animals tissues, which of the following is NOT one of them? A. Epithelial tissue B. Connective tissue C. Muscle tissue D. Dermal tissue
Dermal Tissue
Cell junctions allow signaling molecules pass from one cell to another is which of the following:
Direct Intercellular signaling
Some tissues need to be able to expand and contract, such as lungs during breathing and intestines during digestion. Predict which ECM protein would be abundant in these tissues: A. Elastin B. Collagen C. glycoaminoglycans D. fibronectin
Elastin
Which protein of the ECM provides elasticity?
Elastin
A chemical reaction that has a positive delta G is correctly described as... A. Endergonic B. Spontaneous C. Exothermic
Endergonic
Hormones are released from one cell and act on other cells in distant organs and are thus an example of... A. Contact to contact signaling B. Autocrine signaling C. Endocrine Signaling D. Paracrine signaling
Endocrine signaling
A chemical reaction that has a positive delta G is correctly described as ________. A. Endothermic B. Exothermic C. Spontaneous D. None of the above
Endothermic
Type of animal tissue in which cells join together to form continuous sheets to cover or line body surfaces:
Epithelial
Which of the following is an animal tissue out of the main tissue types? A. Epithelial B. Vascular C Dermal D Parenchyma
Epithelial
In glucose catabolism, glycolysis is a spontaneous reaction - what type of reaction is this, and does it absorb or release energy? A. Endergonic, absorbs B. Endergonic, releases C. Exergonic, absorbs D. Exergonic, releases
Exergonic, releases
Which is NOT part of the 4 main types of Cell Junctions? a. Middle lamella b. Anchoring junctions c. Tight junctions d. Extracellular matrix
Extracellular Matrix
Which of the following are not stop codons? (UAA, UAG, UGA, or GAU)
GAU
Which one of the following is the first step in the formation of ATP from glucose? A. Shuttle Step B. Glycolysis C. Oxidative Phosphorylation D. Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
What is delivered to plants through veins? a. Sugars b. Chloroplasts c. H2O and nutrients d. CO2
H2O and Nutrients
The DNA double helix is separated into single strands during replication by the enzyme
Helicase
What enzyme unwinds and unzips DNA during in the initiation step DNA replication?
Helicase
Arrange the following proteins in the proper order in which they participate in DNA replication .1 = Primase 2 = Helicase 3 = Single-strand binding proteins 4 = DNA polymerase I
Helicase Single-stranded binding proteins Primase DNA Polymerase I
Where are the protein complexes associated with the electron transport chain located? A. Mitochondrial inner membrane B. Cytosol C. Mitochondrial outer membrane D. Mitochondrial matrix
Mitochondrial inner membrane
Cellular respiration produces the most energy in the form of ATP from which of the following? A. Production of lactate B. Citric acid cycle C. Substrate level phosphorylation D. Glycolysis E. Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the major lipid found in membranes A. Phospholipid B. Steroids C. Cholesterol D. Triglycerides E. Saturated Fatty Acids
Phospholipid
What are the two major components of cell membranes? A. Phospholipids and proteins B. Glycolipids and phospholipids C. Cholesterol and Proteins D. Phospholipids and carbohydrates E. Phospholipids and Cholesterol
Phospholipids and proteins
You discover a new multicellular organism. The organism has organelles and cell walls composed mainly of cellulose. This new organism could be... A. fungus B. plant C. animal D. human
Plant
What Species contain Ion Channels?
Plants, animals, and Fungal
Water held behind a dam would best reflect.... A. Potential Energy B. Kinetic Energy C. Chemical Energy D. Mechanical Energy
Potential Energy
Protein degredation in eukaryotes is performed by... A. Proteasomes B. Flagellum C. Ribosome D. Cytochrome
Proteasome
What is the role of the electron transport chain in glucose metabolism? A. Pump H+ ions from mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space B. Capture energy from the concentration gradient to produce ATP C. Regulate phosphofructokinase D. Break down organic molecules
Pump H+ ions
What is the term associated with A + G binding in DNA?
Purines
During glycolysis, Glucose is broken down into... A. Acetyl CoA B. NADH C. Pyruvate D. Oxygen E. ATP
Pyruvate
The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to A. Increase the rate of reaction B. Reduce the energy of activation of a reaction C. Change the direction of the reaction D. Stop the reaction
Reduce the energy of activation of a reaction
In eukaryotic DNA replication, what happens each time the DNA is duplicated?
Removal of primer and replacement of DNA on the 3' end
Where does translation of proteins occur?
Ribosomes
What is the most common and important enzyme on Earth? A. Urease B.Protease C. Hydrolase D. RuBisCo
RuBisCo
DNA is replicated through what process?
Semi-conservatitve
What pyrimidine is replaced in RNA?
T
A ___________ signal stops transcript and causes the RNA transcript to be released.
Terminator
In DNA replication, DNA "unwinds" to form two template strands: the leading strand and lagging strand. Which of the following statements about these strands are true? A. Okazaki fragments are used to synthesize the leading strand of DNA. B. The leading strand of DNA is synthesized continuously. C. DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA on the leading strand. D. The lagging stand can only be synthesized once the leading strand has been completed.
The leading strand of DNA is synthesized continuously.
What is the nucleotide that is always paired with Adenine (A), in DNA?
Thymine (T)
The enzyme that removes tightened coils ahead of the replication fork is____
Topoisomerase
Which produces a complementary RNA strand from a DNA strand?
Transcription
What proteins bind to the promoter and other regulatory elements in eukaryotes during transcription?
Transcription factors
Diffusion is the movement of a molecule from an area of high to low concentration A. True B. False
True
What are the RNA nucleotides and what nucleotides do they pair to?
a,u,c,g and au/cg
Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's a. entropy. b. activation energy. c. endothermic level. d. heat content. e. free-energy content.
activation energy
1. tRNA have a 3-nucleotide sequence called a(n)
anticodon
A cell signalling to itself to trigger cell death is an example of what? A. rejuvenation B. phototropism C. apoptosis D. dialysis
apoptosis
During which process do cells enter into programmed cell death, during which time DNA is chopped up, organelles are fragmented, the cell shrinks, and parts of the cell are packaged into vesicle and removed by scavenger cells? a. endocytosis b. catastrophism c. cytokinesis d. apoptosis
apoptosis
Which of the following is NOT a part of the 3-step process for cell communication? a. Receptor activation b. Apoptosis c. Signal transduction d. Cellular response
apoptosis
When a cell releases a growth factor that binds to receptors on neighboring cells causing them to proliferate, this is an example of... A. paracrine signaling B. autocrine signaling C. endocrine signaling D. contact dependent signaling
contact dependent signaling
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
cytosol
The release of hormones that activates a distant tissue is an example of: A .Autocrine Signaling B. Endocrine Signaling C. Direct intercellular signaling D. Paracrine Signaling
endocrine signaling
You inject a dye into an animal cell and observe that is moves into adjacent cells. This would occur through... A. adherens junctions B. gap junctions C. plasmodesmata D. tight junctions
gap junctions
What is central to the metabolism of all cells? a. Glycolysis b. Anaerobic Respiration c. Glucose catabolism d. Fermentation
glucose catabolism
What is the first step of Glucose Catabolism? A.) Citric Acid Cycle B.) Glycolysis C.) Shuttle Step D.) Oxidative Phosphorylation E.) Substrate level Phosphorylation
glycolysis
What are the steps of glucose catabolism (in order)? A. Shuttle step, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation B. Glycolysis, shuttle step, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation C. Glycolysis, shuttle step, oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle D. Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, shuttle step, oxidative phosphorylation
glycolysis, shuttle step, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
Which form of energy would something elevated have? A. Chemical B. Gravitational C. Electrical D. Electrochemical
gravitational
In what type of climate do plants close their stomata to minimize water loss? a. chilly climates b. hot climates c. freezing climates d. rainy climates
hot climates
At what step is energy captured from harvested light and converted into chemical energy in photosynthesis? A. The Calvin Cycle B. Glycolysis C. Light Reactions stage D. The Citric Acid Cycle
light reactions state
Which of the following RNA is used to code for the sequence of amino acids?
mRNA
Which type of RNA is used to code for the sequence of amino acids in protein during translation?
mRNA
What is DNA primate responsible for in DNA replication?
making RNA primer
Transcription is similar in prokaryotes and eukaryote, but it is _________
more complex in eukaryotes
Primary metabolism is the process of building or breaking down ____ a. Carbohydrates and proteins b. Lipids, proetins, and carbohydrates c. Proteins and nucleic acids d. Nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
The stomata, where gas exchange is allowed... A. Is opened and closed to regulate water loss. B. Does not regulate water loss. C. Only closes to regulate water loss D. Only opens to regulate water loss.
opened/closed to regulate water loss
The structural organization of chloroplasts allows ________ to occur with great efficiency. A. catabolism B. photosynthesis C. respiration D. fermentation
photosynthesis
_____ is a functional unit that captures light and uses it to produce high energy electrons. A- Chlorophyll B- Photosystem C- Chloroplasts D- Cell Membrane
photosystem
Gap junctions in plant cells are most similar to (?) in plant cells A. middle lamella B. tight junctions C. plasmodesmata D. primary cell walls
plasmodesmata
Which of the following classifications for cell receptor types is NOT is not a true receptor type? A. Enzyme Linked Receptors, B. Ion Channel Receptors, C. G-Protein Coupled Receptors, D. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
receptor tyrosine kinases
Q: What is oxidation on the atomic level?A: Removal of electrons B: Addition of electrons C: Hydrolysis by water D: Dehydration (removal of water)
removal of electrons
Light is captured (absorbed) by what during photosynthesis? A. Removing two elections B. Forming a chemeosmotic gradient C. Special photopigments D. A high energy electron carrier
special photopigments
Plants in very hot, dry climates close their ________ to minimize water loss during the day which creates a problem of not enough O2, and CO2 exchange. a) glyceroldehyde b) stomata c) RuBisCo d) photosystem
stomata
What allows gas exchange and opens or closes to regulate water loss? a.) Thylakoid b.) Stomata c.) Chloroplast d.) Upper Epidermis
stomata
After the Calvin Cycle occurs, ADP and NADP+ are transported back to the ___ to be re-energized. a) stroma b) thylakoid c) photon d) chloroplast
thylakoid
Where do light reactions take place? a. stroma b. thylakoid membrane c. stomata d. cisternae
thylakoid membrane
Enzymes can be activated by the addition or removal of a phosphate. A. True B. False
true