America ('frick yeah)

Douglas MacArthur

+*John D. Bulkeley* led the effort to transport the *amah Ah Cheu* and this man's family on *PT-41 from Corregidor Island* before riding on a *pair of Boeing B-17 Fortresses*. +As *Superintendent of West Point*, he formalized the *Cadet Honor Code*. +This man chaired the *1928 American Olympic Committee* and settled a dispute between the *National Collegiate Athletic Association and the Amateur Athletic Union* in 1964. +This man ordered the *Sinuiju and An-tung bridges bombed*. +This man *retroactively received the first Purple Heart*. +This man gave the *keynote address* at the *1952 RNC*. +Under *Frederick Funston's occupation of Veracruz*, he *located automobiles and outran a series of horse-riding gunmen*. +This man shut down the *Recreational and Amusement Association brothel system* as in charge of *Operation Blacklist* which was ended by the *Treaty of San Francisco*. +He received the *third highest GPA at West Point* behind *Robert E. Lee and Charles Mason*. He was tutored by *Gertrude Hull from Milwaukee*. +This man controversially *shook his superior officer's hand* at the *Wake Island Conference*. +*Gaetano Falliface*, his personal photographer, shot him *towering over a shorter man with his hands on his hips* and *wading onto a shore*. +*Charles Willoughby* was his *chief of intelligence* and *"my pet fascist"*. !He dissented while serving on *Billy Mitchell's court-martial*. !While headquartered at *DN Tower 21 or the Dai Chi Insurance Office*, he served as *SCAP*. !This man led the *Rainbow Division* during WWI. !This man gave the *"Old soldiers never die, they just fade away"* speech. -Herbert Hoover ordered this man to beat back the Bonus Army. -*Matthew Ridgway* replaced this man who oversaw the landing at Inchon by Truman. -American general who oversaw the occupation of Japan during WWII after island-hopping there. He said "I shall return" after retreating from the Phillippines. He protected Hirohito from trial and promoted an invasion of China.

John Pierpoint Morgan

+His yacht, the *Corsair*, was transformed into the *USS Gloucester* during the Spanish-American war. +In opposition to the *Union club*, this man formed the *Metropolitan Club*. +A gem exhibition at the *American Museum of Natural History* is named after *Tiffany* and this man. +He smoked *cigars so large* that they were called *Hercules' Clubs*. +Regarding his wealth, John D. Rockefeller remarked *"and to think, he wasn't even a rich man"*. +This man bet with the *Earl of Lonsdale* that *Harry Bensley* couldn't travel around the world wearing a *iron mask*. +This man resold rifles during the Civil War in the *Hall Carbine Affair*. +This man formed the *International Mercantile Marine Co.* to monopolize Atlantic shipping routes. +During an economic crisis, he *locked people in a building until 5:00 A.M.* to force them to agree to his plan, leading to the *Aldrich-Vreeland Act*. !This man merged several companies into the *International Harvester Company*. !*Edward Clark Potter* designed *mane-less lions for* and employed *Belle da Costa Greene* to set up his *private library on Madison Avenue and 36th East Street*. !*Otto and F. Augustus Heinze's and Charles Morse's failure to corner the copper market* led to a crisis that endangered *Charles Barney's Knickerbocker Trust Company* and *Moore & Schley* which forced *George Cortelyou* to rely on this man. !This man paid *Edward S. Curtis* to create *The North American Indian* ethnic project. !This man refused to fund *Tesla's Wardenclyffe Tower* after expensive changes were proposed. !*Edward Steichen* photographed this man *holding an armchair which looks like a knife*. -This man allied with the *Rothschilds* to replenish gold reserves during the *Panic of 1893*. He saved the nation again during the *Panic of 1907*. -This man bought the *Carnegie Steel Company* and transformed it into *US Steel*. He also *arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.*

John Marshall

+This man ruled that *1/3 of the Antelope's cargo* was sent to slavery and the other 2/3rds free. +He resolved that the Fifth Amendment applied to the federal government alone, suggesting that *John Barron was not entitled to damages paid by the city of Baltimore.* +He famously resided at the *Ringgold-Carroll House*. He later moved to *The Hollow* and *Oak Hill*. +He defended *Fairfax's descendants* in *Hite v. Fairfax*. He only ever dissented in *Ogden v. Saunders*. +He commissioned the *Monumental Church* designed by *Robert Mills*. +This man wrote that *"all means which are not prohibited but consistent with the letter and spirit of the constitution, are constitutional."* +In his court, *Justice Story* ruled that the court can fulfill the Constitution's supremacy clause by overriding a state court in a case involving *Virginia voiding an inheritance, Martin v. Hunter's Lessee.* !This man was nicknamed *Silverheels* in the army for the *white heels his mother sewed* into his stockings. !This man ruled in favor of a law *outlawing private parties from running lotteries* in *Cohens v. Virginia* and resolved a conflict regarding the *Yazoo lands in Fletcher v. Peck*. !He ruled in favor of *Aaron Burr during his treason trial*. !With *Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and Elbridge Gerry*, he was asked for a bribe by French ministers in the *XYZ Affair*. !This man ruled that *New Hampshire* could not interfere with George III's charter because it was a private contract in *Dartmouth v. Woodward*. !He upheld the federal government's right to regulate interstate trade in *Gibbons v. Ogden*. -After ruling in favor of Native Americans in Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson said *"[this man] has made his decision, now let him enforce it"*. -He protected federal institutions like the 2nd BUS from state taxes in McCulloch v. Maryland. -The longest-serving Chief Justice in US history who ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional in Marbury v. Madison which established judicial review. Succeeded *Oliver Ellsworth*.

Roe v. Wade

!*Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington* helped to win this case. !This case was *exempted from mootness and standing* because it was *"capable of repetition, yet evading review*. !*Doctor James Hallford* also benefitted from this decision. !The follow-up *Harris v. McRae* upheld this case's *Hyde Amendment*. !It expanded *Griswold v. Connecticut's use of a penumbra*. !It was decided *simultaneously with Doe v Bolton over Georgia law*. -The majority opinion was written by Henry Blackmum who argued that the 14th Amendment gave citizens the right to privacy. Justices Byron White and Willian Rehnquist dissented. -1973 SCOTUS case that protected Norma McCorvey's right to abortion. Reaffirmed in Planned Parenthood v. Casey.

Battle of Yorktown

!*Thomas Nelson* encouraged the shooting of his *own home* during this battle. !*The Marquis de Choisy's Lauzun's Legion* engaged *Banastre Tarleton's* cavalry during this battle. !The *Royal Welsh Fusiliers* held a redoubt during this battle. !*Robert Abercromby* failed to spike cannons during this battle. !A *squall* prevented a retreat across *Gloucester Point* during this battle. !*Thomas Symonds* and *Charles O'Hara* presented a *sword to Benjamin Lincoln* to surrender in this battle. !A band played *"The World Turned Upside Down"* after this battle was lost. !*Redoubts #9 and #10* were sieged by *Alexander Hamilton* during this battle. !*Thomas Graves' navy* was defeated before this battle. -The Comte de Rochambeau led French land forces and the Comte de Grasse in the sea during this battle. -The final battle of the American Revolution in which George Washington defeated Charles Cornwallis.

Benjamin Franklin

!This man created the *Junto or Leather-Apron Club* which met once a week to *discuss morals or philosophy*. !This man said that *"the blood of the innocent will cry to heaven for vengeance"* when he dispersed the *Paxton Boys in Philadelphia*. !*Solicitor General Alexander Wedderburn* lambasted this man for exposing *Andrew Oliver* in the *Hutchinson Letters Affair*. This man submitted the *Plan of Union to the Albany Congress*. !This man's *illegitimate son William* was the last *royal governor of New Jersey*. !This man worked for his *brother James in the New England-Courant under the pseudonym Silence Dogood*. -A Founding Father who created the 8-part snake cartoon "Join, or Die". He authored Poor Richard's Almanac. Served as Postmaster General and established the *Union Fire Company*.

Haymarket Square Riot

*Cartoons regarding it include one showing a priest giving last rites on Desplaines Street and three dogs set loose by a "pardon knife" on Columbia. *Marshall Field refused to grant participants clemency. *Adolph Fischer and George Engel were arrested at Grief's Hall in the "Monday Night Conspiracy" the day after this event. *Mayor Carter Harrison visited its site, then left. *Inspector John Bonfield was involved. !Oscar Neebe and Michael Schwab were spared in its aftermath. !Richard Oglesby commuted its sentences. !Albert Parsons, editor of The Alarm newspaper, was executed for it. His wife Lucy wrote an account and Dyer Lum succeeded him. !May Day honors this event. !The most likely perpetrator, Rudolph Schnaubelt, was arrested twice before fleeing the US. !Mathias Degan was killed in it. Commemorated by a statue sculpted by Johannes Gelert. !After it, Louis Lingg blew himself up in prison. !Samuel Fielden was the last speaker before it on a wagon platform. !August Spies gave a speech urging participants to "stand by their union". !Governor John Altgeld pardoned three participants condemned by Judge Joseph Gary. -The Knights of Labor were blamed for and McCormick Harvesting Machine Company strikers caused it. -May 4, 1886, incident in which a bomb was thrown into a group of policemen in Chicago.

Second Great Awakening

*During this time, preacher Lorenzo Dow's biography became the second most sold book. Also led by Thomas Dwight. *The American Tract Society was found in this time. *Theodore Weld, a "Lane Rebel", took part. !Charles Finney, the president of Oberlin College, introduced the New Measures which included "anxious seats" during this. Debated in the New Lebanon Conference. !Thomas Campbell's Declaration and Address started the Restoration Movement with his son Alexander and another leader. !The Millerites under William Miller experienced the Great Disappointment, leading to the Seventh-Day Adventist church. !James McGready led it in Kentucky with the Red River Meeting House. !Presbyterian Lyman Beecher assisted. Wrote the famous A Plea for the West and co-founded the American Temperance Society. !Western New York became the burned-over district due to this. -Included a major revival at Cane Ridge and Gasper River under Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell. -Period of fervent religious revival in the early 1800s.

Boston Massacre

*Innkeeper Richard Palmes struck Hugh Montgomery with a cudgel. *The speech Rex v. Wemms regarding it stated "facts are stubborn things", talked about the impossibility of acting as a "stoic philosopher), and mentioned Algernon Sidney. *Bartholomew Broaders and Henry Knox saw it. *James Bowdoin wrote a famous narrative on it. *Ebenezer Richardson shot eleven-year old Christopher Seider right before it. *Compared to a similar event two years earlier at St. George's Fields. *Commemorated annually by speeches given by Thomas Welch and James Lovell. *Some involved were moved to Castle Island. !Started when wigmaker apprentice Edward Garrick insulted officer John Goldfinch. Private Hugh White confronted Garrick. !A portrayal of it shows a small dog in front of a cloud of smoke in front of a church. !Governor Thomas Hutchison dispersed the crowd. !Robert Treat Paine and Samuel Quincy prosecuted its trial. Josiah Quincy II, Sampson Salter Blowers, and Robert Achmuty were part of the defense. Benefit for clergy was appealed to avoid the death penalty. !Samuel Gray, James Caldwell, Samuel Maverick, and Patrick Carr were all victims. Carr's surgeon Samuel Hemingway testified. -John Adams defended its perpetrators. -Occurred on King Street under Thomas Preston. -March 5, 1770, confrontation in Massachusetts when British soldiers fired and killed five people including African American Crispus Attucks after snowballs were thrown. The subject of a Paul Revere engraving who used Henry Pelham's print that inaccurately shows the Brits in a line.

Bacon's Rebellion

*John Berry and Francis Moryson were sent to suppress it. *Participants William Carver and Giles Bland were executed at John Custis' estate. Their ships were taken by Thomas Larimore. *Two leaders related by one's wife, Frances Culpeper. *Thomas Grantham repressed it by sneaking his way into a garrison. *Regarding one man's death, it was said: "I am sorry at my heart That lice and flux should take the hangman's part". One man also challenged "Here shoot me before God, fair mark shoot." *Colonel Edmund Cheesman participated. *Some victims hid in Dragon Swamp. *One man became the leader of a raiding party by distributing brandy. *William Drummond was killed for involvement. !Arthur Allen's House was transformed into a namesake castle. Captured by troops from the ship Young Prince. !One leader replaced by Herbert Jeffries for executing 23 men. !The Occaneechees were attacked as well. !The Long Assembly tried to assuage its demands but limited trade. !Queen Cockacoseke of the Pamunkey was the first to sign the Treaty of Middle Plantation that ended it. !One leader's reforms allowed landless freemen to vote after earlier complaints. !John Ingram led one side after the original leader died of dysentery. !Caused by a Doeg raid on Thomas Matthew which killed Richard Hen. Retaliated against them and some innocent Susquehannocks. -One leader issued the Declaration of the People accusing the other of unjust taxes and a beaver trade monopoly. -1676 Virginia uprising against Governor William Berkeley that burned Jamestown. Supported mostly by indentured servants.

Homestead Strike

*Justice Paxson called it "levying war against the State". *John T. McCurry testified that the first ones injured were Frederick Heide and William Foy. *Started when an agreement with Charles M. Schwab ended. *Involved the hanging of J.A. Potter in effigy. *One faction headquartered at the Bost Building. !The local Opera House was used as a jail. !Under the direction of attorney Philander Knox, Sheriff William McCleary tried to handle it with handbills. !Hugh O'Donnell led one side. !Governor Robert Pattison sent state militia to quell it under George Snowden who said, "I am the master of this situation". !Alexander Berkman attempted to assassinate one participant after its failure. -After the Amalgamated Association refused to disband, Henry Clay Frick sent 300 Pinkerton detectives down barges which were burned with fireworks. -1892 strike that shut down a Carnegie Pittsburgh steel plant.

Wounded Knee Massacre

*Peter Matthiessen wrote a book on this location but was sued for libel. *Started with an attack on troop "K". *L. Frank Baum called for total extermination after it, and Valentine T. McGillycuddy provided medical care. *James McLaughlin refused Buffalo Bill's help. *The day after, Guy Henry's "Brunettes" avenged the burning of the Drexel mission. *One week after, Plenty Horses shot Edward Casey five years after he returned from school. !Curtis Kills Rees and Birgil Kills Straight established the Big Foot Memorial Riders. !Dee Brown wrote Bury My Heart at [this event's location]. !Twenty-three Medals of Honor were controversially given out after it. !Perpetrated by the Seventh Cavalry and their Hotchkiss machine guns. !80 years after, Ray Robinson was murdered in a 71-day protest by AIM at this event site led by Dennis Banks and Russel Means. !General Nelson Miles relieved James Forsyth of duty for its outcome. Exonerated by the Kent-Baldwin commission. Forsyth earlier met with the Miniconjou. !Chief Spotted Elk/Big Foot was killed during it. -Occurred due to Wovoka's Ghost Dance movement. A man named Yellow Bird started it and promised that their shirts would stop bullets. -Started when a deaf man named Black Coyote refused to give up his rifle. -December 1890 massacre of Lakota Sioux in South Dakota at the Pine Ridge Reservation.

Iroquois

*Quotes from this event: "Arm Yourselves and Appear in Full Force!", "The time will come when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle today," and the song Marsellaise. *General Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy led the Carignan-Salieres Regiment against them. *Fought the Mourning Wars in which they lost huge numbers and had to replace them with captives. *Adam Dollard des Ormeaux was killed at the Battle of Long Sault against these people. *Fought each other at the Battle of Lake George and the Battle of Oriskany. *According to Diana Muir's Reflections in Bullough's Pond, this group was imperialistic. They displaced the Quapaw, Mosopelea, and the Tutelo. They later conquered the Neutral Nation. *Cadwallader Colden wrote their first History. They're still ruled by the Great Law of Peace. *The Marquis de Denonville conquered Fort Frontenac from them and sent fifty of their leaders as galley slaves to Marseilles. !Religious figures include Handsome Lake who spread Gaiwiio (the "Good Word") and the first Native American saint Kateri Tekakwitha. !One of its leaders had his critics cut down a tree he was standing on down a waterfall. He survived. !Gave up the Shenandoah Valley (Great Warpath) in the Treaty of Lancaster. Earlier allowed to use after a 1684 conference. !Allied with the British in the Covenant Chain !Some of the North American Martyrs were killed by them, including Gabriel Lalemant, Charles Garnier, Jean de Lalande, Isaac Jogues, and Rene Goupil. !Member Ely S. Parker wrote the final draft for the surrender at Appomattox, was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs by President Grant and won the case Fellows v. Blacksmith against the Ogden Land Company which validated the Second Treaty of Buffalo Creek. !Founders included the Great Peacemaker (who planted the Tree of Peace with a white stone) and the woman Jigonhsasee. !After the Cherry Valley Massacre, they were successful in the Boyd and Parker Ambush but defeated at the Battle of Newtown by John Sullivan !Signed two Treaty of Fort Stanwix giving up land south of the Ohio River in 1768 that created a Line of Property/the New Purchase, then resettling with the second one in 1784. -Fought the French and Huron in the Beaver Wars. Ended with the Peace of Montreal. -Its leader Joseph Brant allied with the British. -League of six tribes led by Hiawatha and Dekanawida. Included the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora peoples.

Whiskey Rebellion

*Roger Gould's article "Patron-Client Ties, State Centralization" was about this. * Attorney General William Bradford, Senator James Ross, and Justice Jasper Yeates were sent as commissioners to stop it. *Flags included one with six stripes and the words No Asylum for Traitors and Cowards and one with an eagle holding a flag with 13 stars behind it. *George Clymer traveled in disguise and sent a report on it. *Jean Bonnet's Tavern was a meeting house. *Richard Howell led the New Jersey Blues during it. *William Rawle issued 60 subpoenas before it. !Federal mail was intercepted at Black Horse Tavern during it. !John Mitchell and Philip Wigle were the only ones convicted for it. Pardoned later. !Marshall David Lenox was captured during it. !Congressman William Findley tried to moderate it and blamed Alexander Hamilton for it. !Inspector Robert Johnson was tarred and feathered during it. !A rallying cry was "hurrah for Tom the Tinker". Tom the Tinker was an anonymous signer of newspapers and warning notes. Probably John Holcroft. !The Mingo Creek Association advocated for its radicalization and militancy. !Liberty poles were set up at Fort Gaddis, Carlisle, and Hagerstown to support it. !A meeting at Braddock's Field called for a march onto "Sodom". !Robert Philson and Regulator Herman Husband were the only ones arrested for it. Both were pardoned (Husband didn't preach at Parkison's ferry). !Hugh Henry Brackenridge and future Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin attempted to mediate at the Redstone Fort meetings. !David Bradford legendarily escaped his captors (leapt out of a rear window) after coercing people to rob a mail coach. !Governor Thomas Mifflin refused to send militia to suppress it. !Oliver Miller was killed and James McFarlane was shot at the Battle of Bower Hill in which tax collector John Neville's house was burned. -One group was nicknamed the Watermelon Army -Alexander Hamilton, Henry "Lighthorse Harry" Lee, and Daniel Morgan suppressed it. -Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania's Monongahela Valley over a tax on spirits.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

+The *Rebecca Vaughan House* is the last standing location where people were murdered during this action. +*College president Thomas Roderick Dew* commented on this event. +The *USS Warren and USS Natchez* brutally suppressed this action. +This event saw an attack on *Margaret Whitehead*. !This event's instigator attempted a *march on Jerusalem* before being discovered by *Benjamin Phipps* at *Cabin Pond*. !Before this action, its leader stated that *"Christ had laid down the yoke" and "the Serpent has been loosened"*. !This event began with a *bluish-green sky from a solar eclipse caused by Mt. St. Helen's eruption* which convinced its leader to begin against the *Travis family*. He was captured in the *Great Dismal Swamp*. -1831 Southampton County, Virginia slave rebellion which led to restrictions on teaching slaves literacy.

Ambrose Burnside

*Served as Rhode Island's Governor three times and as its senator twice. Succeeded as the latter by Nelson Aldrich who created the National Monetary Commission in a bill created with Edward Vreeland. *Under Braxton Bragg, he was injured during a raid on the Apache in New Mexico. *Stopped the Calico Raid by John Hunt Morgan. !First president of the NRA. !His namesake carbine rifle was purchased by the Buchanan Administration. !Arrested Ohio Congressman Clement Vallandigham over General Order 38 while leading the Department of the Ohio. !At the Battle of Campbell's Station, he successfully defended Knoxville in eastern Tennessee from James Longstreet. !Led the disastrous Mud March. !During his namesake Expedition, he won the Battle of Tranter's Creek, Macon's Fort, South Mills (Jesse Reno failed to destroy the Dismal Swamp Canal), Elizabeth City (where the Mosquito Fleet under William Lynch was defeated), New Bern, and Roanoke Island (the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron under Goldsborough assisted in defeating Henry Shaw) to close off North Carolina as per the Anaconda Plan. !At Antietam, Robert Toombs' 400 Georgia infantry held him off at his namesake bridge. !While sieging Petersburg, this man's black soldiers were replaced with untrained white ones and his failed mine at the Battle of the Crater relived him of command. -Lost the Battle of Fredericksburg by ordering a failed attack on Marye's Heights crossing through the Rappahannock River. -Took over for James McClellan as the Commander of the Army of the Potomac. Succeeded himself by Joseph Hooker. -Union Civil War general who lends his name to a facial hair style.

Henry Ford

*This man's interest in soybeans led to the creation of a Soybean Car made of soybean-based plastic. *One of his investments was attacked in the Breaking Pan revolt. Sent the Lake Ormoc and Lake Farge barges to it. *He was assisted by Reverend Samuel Marquis, Secretary James Couzens, and Alexander Malcomson (who founded Aerocar but was out-competed). Samuel Crowther wrote his memoirs. *This man built Greenfield Village, helped pass the Weeks-McLean Migratory Bird Act and a later Migratory Bird Treaty, and lost in a close election to Truman Newberry. *Aaron Sapiro successfully sued this man, but he beat George Selden in a patent lawsuit. !James R. Kilpatrick took pictures of Harry Bennett's Service Department beating strikers against this man under Richard Frankensteen and Walter Reuther in the Battle of the Overpass. !Louis Lochner and Hungarian journalist Rosika Schwimmer invited this man to fund a diplomatic voyage to WWI Europe on the Oscar II "Peace Ship". !Created a failed industrial rubber plantation town in the Amazon near the Rio Tapajos called his "landia" as chronicled by Greg Grandin. -Introduced the five dollar wage and the five day work week. -Published the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion", "The International Jew, The World's Foremost Problem", and other anti-Semitic articles in his Dearborn Independent newspaper. -American industrialist who mass-produced Model-Ts that came in any color "any color so long as it is black". Also called the "Tin Lizzie" and "Leaping Lena". Produced at his Highland Park factory.

Jamestown

*William Kelso leads an excavation effort here which discovered the Zuniga map and William Strachey's ring, who wrote the True Reportory on its history. *Pierre Biard compared its prisons to Amiens' *Residents John Potts and William Tucker poisoned Native American wine during peace dealings. !Governed by George Yeardley whose wife Temperance Flowerdew married his successor Francis West. !One leader wrote a "Rude Answer". First led by Edward Maria Wingfield. !Chaplain Robert Hunt gave the first sermon in the Americas here. !Governed tightly under Dale's Code. !Richard Pace and his slave Chanco prevented its destruction, though Martin's Hundred and Henricus were destroyed by Opechancanough who ruled from Werowomocco. !Founded by Christopher Newport on the Susan Constant, the Discovery, and the Godspeed. !The Third Supply was delayed by the wreck of the Sea Venture flagship -Suffered the "Starving Time" under George Percy. Saved by Thomas West, the Baron de la Warr who intercepted Thomas Gates. -Leader John Rolfe married Pocahontas to stop conflicts with the Powhatan. -Burned to the ground by Bacon's Rebellion against William Berkeley. -The capital of the Virginia colony for most of the 1660s. Originally a triangular wooden fort.

Boss Tweed

+ This politician supported *John Hoffman's mayoral campaign*. + This politician and some friends organized the *Americus Fire Company No. 6, also known as the "Big Six"*. !This politician helped financiers *Jay Gould and Big Jim* Fisk to take control of the *Erie Railroad* from Cornelius Vanderbilt. !Cartoons of this man show him watching *Columbia mauled by a tiger in "What are you going to do about it?"* and possessing a *money bag for a face in "The Brains"*. !He replaced *Fernando Wood* as the leader of one organization. !This politician was succeeded by *Thomas Whitney as a United States Representative from New York in 1855.* !The *USS Franklin* transported this man back after he was caught by *Spanish authorities*. !One famous depiction of this man is a *vulture overlooking skulls and bones labeled "law" and "treasury"*. !He was imprisoned in his own *Ludlow Street Jail*. -Infamous leader of Tammany Hall who was constantly targetted by Thomas Nast.

Ku Klux Klan

+*Benjamin Butler* waved a *bloody shirt* while talking about this group. +This group supported the *Barwise Bill in Maine after Arthur Leigh proclaimed his membership*. +This group assisted *Owen Brewster's governorship in Maine, Edward Jackson in Indiana, and Bibb Graves in Alabama*. +The FBI investigated this group's *lynching of Michael McDonald and sent Bill Wilkinson to infiltrate until Jerry Thompson revealed him*. +This group initiated a *riot in Meridian, Mississippi*. +*George Gordon* wrote this group's *Prescripts*. !One member of this group won *Brandenburg v. Ohio and established "imminent lawlessness action*. !Its *The Searchlight newspaper* was handled by *Atlanta publicists Elizabeth Tyler and Edgar Clarke*. !A leader of this group, *James Cole*, lost the *Battle of Hayes Pond against Lumbee Indians in North Carolina*. !Its *support for William McAdoo* led to *John Davis' 1924 Democratic Nomination over Oscar Underwood*. !This organization was *sold to and dissolved by Samuel Green and James Colescott* after *lowering membership fees to $6*. !*Hiram Wesley Evans* succeeded this organization's *William Joseph Simmons* who organized it at Stone Mountain. !*Folklorist Stetson Kennedy infiltrated* this group and gave its *codes to the Superman Radio Show*. !*Robert Byrd* held the title *Exalted Cyclops* in this organization. *Hugo Black* also joined !Two *murder notes and Newt Lee's behavior led to the framing of Leo Frank* for *Mary Phagan's Atlanta murder* which restarted this organization. !*Indiana's D.C. Stephenson murdered Madge Oberholtzer* which tarnished this organization's reputation. !In *Birmingham, Alabama*, four members of this organization committed the *16th Street Baptist Church bombing*. -The government passed the Force Acts against this organization. They were illegalized in Cruikshank v US. -Thomas Dixon's trilogy inspired D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation which restarted this organization. -White supremacist organization once led by Nathan Bedford Forrest, its first Grand Wizard. He allowed a massacre at Fort Pillow. Called the "Invisible Empire".

George Wallace

+*CBS News correspondent David Dick received the Emmy* for covering an event centered on this man/ +This man pledged *"If any anarchists lie down in front of my automobile, it will be the last automobile they ever lie down in front of."* +*Tom Turnipseed* served as this man's campaign executive director. He considered *baseball owner Happy Chandler and Colonel Harland Sanders* as his running mates. +This man was the subject of the *PBS documentary Settin' the Woods on Fire.* !This man asserted that the only *four-letter words that hippies did not know were work and soap.* He lambasted *"pointy-head college professors who can't even park a bicycle straight."* !This man was known as the *fighting little judge* from his high school *boxing days*. !This man lost to *John Malcolm Patterson* in his first primary loss. !This man ran with *USAF commander and Berlin Airlift coordinator Curtis LeMay*. !This man called *Albert Brewer "sissy britches"* during a dirty campaign. !This man chose his wife *Lurleen* as his successor but she died of *uterine cancer*. !This man was shot by the author of *An Assassin's Diary, Arthur Bremer,* in *Laurel, Maryland*. -This man ran for the presidency as an American Independent in 1968. -Former Alabama governor who announced, "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever."

Daniel Boone

+*Charles Harding* painted the only portrait of this man during his lifetime. +*John Findley* inspired this man. +This person's life was saved by *Simon Kenton* after a *Shawnee bullet destroyed his knee.* +His cousin *Daniel Morgan* helped win at Saratoga. +He married *Rebecca Bryan* and his son *Nathan was the first white man born in Kentucky*. +His father *Squire* was expelled from a *Quaker community*. +This man's brother founded the *city of Painted Stone*, which was the site of the *Alexander McKee-led Long Run Massacre.* His son *James* was tortured and killed in the first action of *Lord Dunmore's War*. !This man partnered with *Richard Callaway* to track *Hanging Maw and the Cherokee* who had captured his daughter *Jemima.* !This man's son *Israel* died at the *Battle of Blue Licks*. !This man was taken to *Chillicothe and adopted by Blackfish* but escaped after learning of a *siege on a borough named for him.* -Legendary Kentucky frontiersman who was hired by the Transylvania Company to blaze the Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap and was the namesake of a coonskin cap.

Whig Party

+*Cyrus Walker* was from this party when he *stopped Joseph Smith's extradition from Nauvoo*. +*Arthur Bagby* tried to oppose it with the *General Ticket Act* which would *ban political districts in Alabama*. !Initially supported by *Horace Greeley's New York Tribune*. !Once ran *Theodore Frelinghuysen for VP and Winfield Scott for President*. !A former president from this party *ran in 1856 under the Know-Nothings*. *John Bell and Edward Everett were originally from it but ran with the Constitutional Union Party instead*. -Ran four candidates in the election of 1836 including *Hugh Lawson White* and *Willie P. Magnum*. -Abraham Lincoln was originally a member. -Led by people like Henry Clay, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Taylor, and Millard Fillmore.

Brown v. Board of Education

+*Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma* was cited in this case. !*Barbara Johns' student protest at a Virginia high school opened up Davis v. Prince Edward County* a part of this case. !In *Missouri v. Jenkins, Clarence Thomas* stated that its ruling was misinterpreted. !*Gebhart v. Belton* was filed in *Delaware* as part of this case. !Justice *Felix Frankfurter* moved this case along after the death of *Justice Fred Vinson*. !This case reaffirmed *McLaurin v. Florida, Sweatt v. Painter in Texas and Mendez v. Westminster in California*. !This case was extended to *Washington D.C. in Bolling v. Sharpe*. !This case used *Kenneth and Mamie Clark's doll experiment from the case Briggs v. Elliott which John Davis lost in South Carolina*. -Thurgood Marshall argued this case. -1964 SCOTUS case that overruled Plessy v. Ferguson to be carried out with *"all deliberate speed"* under Chief Justice Earl Warren.

Tecumseh

+*John Sugden* provided an in-depth look at this man's death. +His name meant *"Shooting Star"*. His brother was the *warlord Chikisaka*. +This man's alleged killer used a political slogan containing his name that began *"Rumpsy Dumpsy."* He died near *Moraviantown*. +This man refused to sign the *Treaty of Greenville* after participating in the *Battle of Greenville*. +*James Henry Craig* revealed plans this man made with *William Claus*. +With *Isaac Brock*, this man forced *William Hull* to *surrender Detroit*. !This man's father died at the *Battle of Pleasant Point* during *Lord Dunmore's War*. !This man said *"I conquer to save; you to kill."* after *Henry Procter* won the *siege of Fort Meigs*. !This man gained legitimacy after *predicting the New Madrid earthquakes*. !This man opposed *Chief Black Hoof* for supporting the *Treaty of Fort Wayne*. -This man's brother, Tenskatawa, helped found the town of Prophetstown which was burned down at the Battle of Tippecanoe by William Henry Harrison. -This man was supposedly killed by Richard Mentor Johnson at the Battle of the Thames.

Spiro Agnew

+*Len Jordan* formulated *a namesake rule* in response to this politician. +An unimplemented plan sought to remove this politician from office by *offering him a job running a television network.* +This man held daily morning meetings with *Senate parliamentarian Floyd Riddick.* +As governor, he passed the *first open-housing law south of the Mason-Dixon Line.* +He called himself the *number one hawk*. +He criticized *Averell Harriman* in his speech *On Media Monopoly*. +He spent a lot of his time with friends *Bob Hope and Frank Sinatra* at his house in *Palm Springs, California.* +He alienated liberals by ordering the *arrest of protesters at Bowie State College and blaming H. Rap Brown and SNCC for the riots in Cambridge in 1967. * +His other quotes include *"if you've seen one city slum, you've seen them all"* and his *William Safire-written attack on reporters as "an effete corps of impudent snobs"*. +During a riot, this politician called upon black leaders to *"publicly repudiate black racists"* and said news broadcasters represented a *"unelected elite"* who unfavorably subjected his party to instant criticism. !*Marvin Rosenblum invented a wristwatch* inspired by this politician !He defeated *segregationist George Mahoney and his slogan "your home is your castle, protect it"* to become *Governor of Maryland*. !This real-world person wrote a novel about a *cabal of traitorous Jewish lesbians* instituting free love on the White House lawn which included the characters *Mark O'Mara, Bradley Barton, and Karen Rankin, The Canfield Decisions*. !He wrote the memoir *Go Quietly.... or Else*. !He denounced liberals' *pusillanimous pussyfooting* and called them *the nattering nabobs of negativism* & *the 'Hopeless, Hysterical, Hypochondriacs of History'* -First VP under Nixon who resigned due to tax evasion charges. Succeeded by Gerald Ford.

Horace Greeley

+*Margaret Fuller* lived with this man's family for several years. +This man dubiously met *Confederate Commissioners at Niagra Falls* for peace. +During *William Henry Harrison's campaign*, his paper *The Log Cabin* popularized many songs supporting Harrison. +This man experimented at his farm in *Chappaqua* which contained the country's *first concrete barn, Rehoboth*. +*Albert Rust* caned this man twice. +This man funded *Nathan Meeker's Union Colony in Colorado*. +In one election, he said, *"I hardly knew whether I was running for the presidency or the penitentiary."* !He popularized *Sylvester Graham's diet*, the phrase *"On to Richmond"*, and, as a prominent *Fourierist*, *Albert Brisbane's paper The Phalanx*. !His aide *Charles Anderson Dana* hired *Karl Marx* for a brief period. !While dying, this man called *Whitelaw Reid* a *son of a b!tch*. !This man was targeted by Thomas Nast in the *"Let us clasp hands over the bloody chasm"* series depicting him at Andersonville. !*Abraham Lincoln* famously responded to this man's letter calling for *enforcement of the Confiscation Acts in terms of slavery, The Prayer of Twenty Millions*. -He lost to Ulysses S. Grant in the 1872 race with the "Liberal Republicans" under Carl Schurz, running with Benjamin Gatz Brown. -He famously said, "Go West young man" and served as editor of the New York Tribune. He controversially bailed out Jefferson Davis.

Susan B. Anthony

+*Minister of the First Unitarian Church of Rochester William Henry Channing* inspired this acitivist. +*Ida Husted Harper* wrote a three-volume biography for this person. +"Buffalo Bill" Cody invited this activist as a guest to his Wild West Show at the *World's Columbian Exposition*. +She worked as *headmistress of the Canajoharie Academy.* +This person coined the phrase *failure is impossible* which is also the title of this activist's collection of works by *Lynn Sherr*. +This activist argued with *Ward Hunt* over the constitutional right of suffrage. +This activist's support of a *printer's strike* led to expulsion from the *National Labor Union*. +*Carrie Chapman Catt* succeeded this Quaker. !With financial support from *George Francis Train and help from *Parker Pilsbury*, this individual published a weekly journal called *The Revolution* which was later sold to *Laura Bullard*. -She argued with *Frederick Douglass* over the *expansion of the Fifteenth Amendment*. -She was fined for voting in New York during the 1872 Presidential election. -Suffragette who worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton on the *History of Women Suffrage* and was honored on a dollar coin.

Jefferson Davis

+*Pope Pius IX* sent this man a *portrait with the inscription "Come to me, all you that labor, and are burdened, and I will refresh you, sayeth the Lord".* +*Robert Toombs* was his first *Secretary of State*, *Leroy Walker* his first *Secretary of War*, *John Reagan Postmaster General*, *Stephen Mallory* his *Secretary of the Navy*, and *Judah P. Benjamin* in various positions. +This man was implicated in the *Eggnog Riot at West Point*. !This man lost to *Henry Foote in Mississippi by 999 votes*. !He was captured in *Irwinville, Georgia supposedly wearing his wife's overcoat*. He was imprisoned by *Nelson Miles at Fortress Monroe*. !This man commanded the *Mississippi Rifles* and was wounded on the *foot* at the *Battle of Buena Vista*. !This man's first wife *Sarah died quickly into the marriage* and was the *daughter of Zachary Taylor*. -His Vice-President was Alexander Stephens. He served as Franklin Pierce's Secretary of War during which he *imported camels* and negotiated the Gadsden Purchase. -Only president of the Confederacy who ordered P.G.T. Beauregard to take Fort Sumter.

Adlai E. Stevenson II

+*The Daily Pantagraph* was his family newspaper. +He accidentally *shot his friend Ruth Merwin with a rifle*. +One of his ads shows him *shopping and talking about the high cost of living*. +Opposing the *McCarran Internal Security Act*, this man said we must *"not burn down the house to kill rats"*. +He served as *Colonel Knox's (FDR's Secretary of the Navy) and Jerome Frank's (head of the Agricultural Adjustment Association) attorney*. +His maternal *great-grandfather Jesse Fell* worked as *Lincoln's campaign manager*. +His son organized the *Solidarity Party* to oppose *Lyndon LaRouche's candidates*. +One of his Vice Presidential candidates led *publicized corruption investigations*. +He was known as the *Man From Libertyville*. He also said *"There is a new America every morning when we wake up"* in a speech. +As governor, he vetoed a *government employee loyalty-oath bill*. +He had a ten-year affair with *Marietta Tree*. +His grandfather was *Assistant Postmaster General* who *fired 40,000 Republican postmen* and *23rd VP* of the US under *Grover Cleveland*. +He was attacked for his *character testimony* for *Alger Hiss*. !*William Gallagher shot a Pulitzer Prize photo* of this man with a *hole in his shoe*, showing *frugality*. !He defeated *Dwight Green* for *Governor of Illinois*. !This man ran with *Alabama Senator John Sparkman and Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver*. !While confronting *Valerian Zorin* during the *Cuban Missile Crisis*, this man said *"Don't wait for the translation, answer yes or no"* and *"I am prepared to wait for my answer until Hell freezes over."* -Illinois Democrat nicknamed "egghead" by *Stewart Alsop* (he used it in the slogan "Eggheads of the world, unite") who lost two presidential elections to Dwight Eisenhower.

John Brown

+*The Tribunal* is a collection of responses to this man. +*John Steuart Curry* painted this man *holding a bible and rifle* in the painting *Tragic Prelude*. +*Miss Mayo* assisted this man's *biographer Oswald Garrison Villard*. !*John Greenleaf Whittier* and *Lydia Marie Child* wrote about this man on his last day. !*Thomas Hovenden's* painting of this man's *Last Moments* depicts him on some *steps kissing an African American baby*. !*Russell Bank's book Cloudsplitter* was narrated by this man's son *Owen*. !*Herman Melville's short poem The Portent* called this man a *meteor of war*. !His *soul is described as "marching on"* in *The Battle Hymn of the Republic*. -Radical abolitionist who led the raid at the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry. *J.E.B. Stuart* and Robert E. Lee captured him.

Teapot Dome Scandal

+*Theodore Plunkett* murdered one man involved in this event at *Greystone Mansion*. +The *Thomson Urrutia Treaty* +One man involved in this event was one of the two *first senators from New Mexico with Thomas B. Catron* and defended *three men in Albert Fountain's murder case*. !*Atlee Pomerene* and *Robert J. Ownes* investigated this event. !This event was planned at the *Little Green House on K Street*. !*Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby* transferred control with the *Daniels Bill* and *resigned* after this event. !*Mally Daugherty was compelled to give testimony by Congress* in the case *McGrain v. Daugherty* when investigating *Attorney General Harry Daugherty* during this event. !*John Kendrick* started, *Robert La Follette* assisted, and *Thomas Walsh* led investigations into this event. -Bribery scandal under Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall gave oil rights in the *Elk Hills* to Edward Doheny and other oil rights Harry Sinclair. It was named after a *Wyoming* oil reserve.

James Blaine

+As Secretary of State, he had to deal with the * lynchings of eleven Italian Americans in New Orleans, Louisiana, for their alleged role in the murder of police chief David Hennessy*. +His memoir was *Twenty Years in Congress*. +This man married *Harriet Stanwood*. +*Senator Edmunds of Vermont* famously read the *Syllabus of Errors* when opposing this man's legislation. +His nickname, *"Magnetic Man"*, subjected him to magnet cartoons like one *breaking an elephant's back in "Too Heavy to Carry"*. !He was the subject of the *tattooed man* cartoons which included *"Phryne Before the Chicago Tribunal"* where he wore a bib with the words *MAGNETIC PAD*. He was also subject to the *Puck* series. !A *Walt McDougall cartoon in the New York Times* depicted this man at *Belshazzar's Feast* which mocked his dinner with rich men at *Delmonico's*. !This man organized the *First International Conference of American States*. !This man was implicated in dealings with the *Union Pacific Railroad* by selling his *bonds in Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad* with the *Mulligan Letter* which end with the phrase *"Kindly burn this letter"*. !*Robert Ingersoll* supported this man, stating that he *"threw his shining lance full and fair against the brazen foreheads of every traitor"* and named him the *Plumed Knight*. !*Reverend Samuel Burchard* supported this man with an unfortunate speech denouncing *rum, Romanism, and rebellion*. -His namesake amendment banned the government from funding religious schools. -Known as the Continental Liar from Maine, he led the Half-Breeds against Grover Cleveland, to whom he lost in the 1884 Presidential race.

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

+Before this event, *William Kelley* stated that *"the unsheeted ghosts of the two thousand murdered negroes"*. +An attempt to *admit Colorado as a state* failed during this event. +*Perry Fuller* was not confirmed as *head of the IRS* because of this event. +This event's resolutions *condemned orders given to General William H. Emory*. !*General Benjamin Butler* gave the first speech during this event. He also said if a certain senator wanted money, *"there is a bushel of it to be had"*. !*Henry Stanbery* resigned as *Attorney General* and asked for a *evidence extension* during this event. !*John A. Bingham* and *Thaddeus Stevens* sponsored this event. !*Edmund Ross* cast the deciding vote during this event. -1868 trial that failed to remove Abraham Lincoln's successor from office. Caused by Edwin Stanton's removal as Secretary of War and his replacement by *Lorenzo Thomas*. Presided by *Salmon P. Chase*.

Shay's Rebellion

+Commenting on it, Thomas Jefferson said that "a little rebellion now and then is a good thing". +*Charles Rose and John Bly* were executed. +*John Paterson* helped suppress it. +*Conkey's tavern in Pelham* was where it was planned and supported by *Amherst.* The towns of *Granby and Colrain* called for non-violence. +A *Riot Act* was drawn up to suspend habeas corpus during it. +Jeremy Belknap* called it a declaration of war. +African-American *Moses Sash* received twice the indictments for it. +Participants called the *Regulators* and wore "sprigs of hemlock". !*Luke Day* was unable to reinforce it. *Eli Parsons* also assisted. !*Job Shattuck* assisted with the *Groton riots* and shutting the *Middlesex County Court* down. !Ended by a surprise attack at *Petersham.* !The main target was the *Springfield Armory*. Defended by *William Shepard* under *General Benjamin Lincoln* who was hired by *Governor Bowdoin*. Bowdoin lost to *John Hancock* in the election because of it. -Led to the shutdown of many state courts. Displayed the Articles of Confederations' weakness -An uprising of indebted Massachusetts farmers in 1786-87.

William Tecumseh Sherman

+During one campaign, his foragers were called *bummers*. +*B.H. Liddell Hart* called him the *first modern general*. +This man briefly encountered the *Warren Train* before they were *raided by Satanta, Satank, and Ado-ete*. +This man established the * Command and General Staff College* at *Fort Leavenworth*. +This man traveled on the *USS Lexington* with * Henry Halleck and Edward Ord* to California. +This man may have originated the phrase *"War is hell."* +*Henry Clay Work's marching song* celebrated one of this man's campaigns. +*Patrick Cleburne* deflected this man during the *Chattanooga campaigns*. +After losing the *Battle of Chickasaw Bayou* and leading a successful attack at *Arkansas Post*, he led the *Forlorn Hope detachment at Vicksburg*. !This man was appointed to serve at a *Louisiana Military Academy* with the help of *Braxton Bragg and P.G.T. Beauregard*. !This man married *Ellen, the daughter of his foster father who was also the first Secretary of the Interior, Thomas Ewing*. !This man ordered *Rufus Saxton* to enforce *Special orders No. 15* to resettle former slaves. !After *capturing Columbia* and winning the *Battle of Benton*, this man accepted *Joseph Johnston's surrender at Bennett Place* after a horrible defeat at *Kennesaw Mountain*. !Regarding a potential presidential run, this man said*"I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected."* -This man offered the city of Savannah as a Christmas gift to Lincoln after having soldiers create a series of his namesake neckties. -This man led a namesake *March to the Sea*.

Revolutionary War

+During this conflict, *16-year old New Yorker Sybil Ludington* embarked on a warning journey.

Robert Kennedy

+He gave the *On the Mindless Menace of Violence* in front of *Cleveland's City Club*. +This man revealed that *Roy Cohn* had called the *wrong Annie Lee Moss*. +This man undertook a tour of the *Mississippi Delta with Joseph Clark* at *Marian Wright's calling*. +In *1948*, he *visited Palestine for the Boston Post*. +He was nicknamed *"Fella"* at *Milton Academy*. +*Byron White* served as his second-in-command in the *Justice Department*. +This politician invited *James Baldwin* to his apartment for a *disastrous 1963 meeting on race relations. * +This man related his time as *chief counsel to Senator John McClellan* and investigation of labor union corruption in his book *The Enemy Within.* !This politician outlined the three dangers of *futility, expediency, and timidity* in his *Day of Affirmation speech*, given to the *National Union of South African Students*. !This man stood in a *truck flatbed in Indianapolis* to give a *eulogy for Martin Luther King.* !He defeated *Kenneth Keating* to become *senator of New York*. !As *chief counsel* for the *Senate Labor Rackets Committee*, this man gained prominence while questioning *Jimmy Hoffa and the Teamsters Union* about their use of Union funds. -Attorney General during the Cuban Missile Crisis who was assassinated at the Ambassador Hotel in 1968 by Sirhan Sirhan after winning California's primary, the brother of John F. Kennedy.

Charles Evan Hughes

+He married *Antoinette Carter*. His daughter *Elizabeth Gossett* was one of the *first humans injected with insulin*, and later served as *president of the Supreme Court Historical Society.* This man himself was the *first president of the Northern Baptist Convention*. +He struck down the *Agricultural Adjustment Act* in *United States v. Butler* and took a moderate stance on the *Bituminous Coal Conservation Act in Carter v. Carter Coal Company*. +He denied *clemency for Chester Gillette, Grace Brown's murderer*. +This man was the author of the majority opinion in the *Shreveport Rate Case*. +This man wrote *Foreign Relations and Pan-American Peace Plans*. +This politician signed an agreement with *Francisco Peynado which ended American occupation of the Dominican Republic*. +This politician overturned *Adkins v. Children's Hospital* by upholding *minimum wage legislation in West Coast Co. v. Parrish.* He also supported the freedom of the press in *Near v. Minnesota* and wrote the majority opinion in *Bailey v. Alabama* which found peonage laws to be unconstitutional. !After participating as *special counsel* in the *Armstrong Insurance Investigations*, he defeated *William Randolph Hearst* to become *Governor of NY* where he passed the *Moreland Act*. !This man upheld the *Wagner Act in NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.* !This politician led the American delegation at the *Washington Naval Conference.* !He ruled against the *National Recovery Administration* in *Schechter Poultry Corps. v. US*. -He resisted FDR's attempts at court-packing. -The loser of the 1916 presidential election with Charles Fairbanks to Woodrow Wilson who served as Chief Justice from 1930 to 1941, replacing William Howard Taft.

Dick Cheney

+He married *Lynne Vincent*. +This man's power was the subject of *Barton Gellman's Pulitzer winning series of Washington Post articles* and the biography *Angler*. +*Leon Panetta* accused him of hiding a *secret CIA program*. +He represented Wyoming in the House, succeeding *Teno Roncalio*. +His daughter *Mary* was the focus of a *same-sex marriage campaign controversy*. +This man published *Exceptional: Why the World Needs a Powerful America*.

Henry Knox

+He opened his own bookshop, the *London Book Store*, in Boston *"opposite William's Court in Cornhill"* where he sold *medicines provided by James Rivington*. +He organized the *Legion of the United States* under *Anthony Wayne*. +He established the *Springfield Armory*. +*William Bingham* made a namesake purchase of this man's lands. +He died after *swallowing a chicken bone* which *became infected* in his throat. +At the *Battle of Germantown*, he stormed *Chew House*. !This man's wife, *Lucy*, was responsible for his gaining the land held by the *Waldo Patent*, which allowed this man to build in *Thomaston, Maine, his estate Montpelier.* !This man came up with the idea of the *Society of the Cincinnati.* !After this man bought up huge tracts of land, he became involved in a dispute with *Joseph Plumb Martin*. !This general threatened to resign from the army over the *appointment of Philippe du Coudray.* !This man *established the Continental Army's first school for artillery and officer training @ Pluckemin* as *Chief Artillery officer*. -He led a noble train of artillery from Ticonderoga to fortify Dorchester Heights. -Revolutionary war general whom Washington appointed as the first Secretary of War. Succeeded by Thomas Pickering.

Benedict Arnold

+He was nearly executed by the *French during the invasion of Guadeloupe*. +This man famously met with an ally at *Joshua Hett Smith House*. +This man was apprenticed to the *Lathrops*. He partnered with *Adam Babock*. +This man saved a group of *prisoners at the Battle of The Cedars*. +This man *dueled James Maitland, 8th Earl of Maitland*. +He purchased a ship called the *Lord Sheffield* but fled *St. John, New Brunswick* and the *merchant business*. +He unsuccessfully courted *Betsy Dublois* in Boston. +*Powder House Day* celebrates this man's forced entry into a powder house in *New Haven*. +After *David Wooster* died, this man led forces at the *Battle of Ridgefield*. +This man engaged in a court battle with *Moses Hazen*. !This man *captured Richmond, raided New London* and defeated *William Ledyard at the Battle of Fort Griswold in Connecticut*. !This man delayed *Guy Carleton* at the *Battle of Valcour Island* with a fleet in *Lake Champlain*. !*Merchant Joseph Stansbury* communicated with this man and his wife *Peggy Shippen*. !The *Boot Monument* commemorates one of this man's successes. !While on the *Vulture*, this man wrote *To The Inhabitants of America*. !This man broke the *Siege of Fort Stanwix*. !With *Ethan Allen*, he captured *Fort Ticonderoga*. !His chaplain *Rev. Samuel Spring* rescued him after he *shattered his leg* in a *failed invasion of Quebec City with Richard Montgomery*. -This man fought with Horatio Gates at the Battle of Saratoga. -With *John Andre*, this man attempted to surrender West Point to the British.

Charles Sumner

+He was nicknamed *"The Great Impotency"*. His wife *Alice Hooper* had an affair with *Prussian diplomat Friedrich von Holstein*. +While friends with *Henry Wadsworth Longfellow*, he said *"In presequas"* whenever one of Longfellow's daughters entered a door. +This man strongly supported the *purchase of Alaska* which was his namesake *Project*. +In one election, he gave *"The Barbarism of Slavery"* speech. +He entered into a law practice with *George Stillman Hillard*. +This man *castigated Brigadier General Charles Stone* after the lost *Battle of Ball's Bluff*. +In one speech, this man criticized *"fanaticism"* and certain *myrmidons*. He also derided a man's *"incoherent phrases"*. +This man represented the plaintiff in *Roberts v. City of Boston*. !He controversially introduced a resolution that *banned Civil War battles from regimental colors*. !This man forced a *high settlement in the Alabama claims*. He also tried to *recognize Haiti*. !Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar stated that *"My countrymen! Know one another, and you will love one another."* in his eulogy for this man. !He fiercely attacked *Ulysses Grant* in the latter's attempt to *annex Santo Domingo* as *Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman*. !This man oversaw the *capture of James M. Mason and John Slidell* during the *Trent Affair*. !*Laurence Keitt brandished a pistol* to hold off an attack on this man. !This man compared two men to *Don Quixote and Sancho Panza*. -He gave the Crime Against Kansas Speech, verbally attacking *South Carolina's Andrew Butler*. -*Massachusetts* senator who was caned by Preston Brooks on the Senate floor.

Stephen Douglas

+His tomb was designed by *Leonard Volk*. +He served as *State's Attorney for Morgan County*. +This man once said *"If I can't be the President, at least I can hold his hat."* +This man nominated *August Belmont for chairman of the Democratic National Committee.* He was supported by *Henry B. Payne*. +*William Yancey, the leader of the Fire-Eaters*, caused a split in this man's nomination convention. +He served as *Chairman of the Committee on Territories*. +A cartoon titled this man *Finding His Mother* shows *Columbia spanking him as Uncle Sam looks on*. !He ran for President with *Herschel Johnson as his VP Candidate*. !His *Galesburg Declaration* states that the *Constitution is for whites only*. !He was nicknamed the *"Little Giant"*. !He was nominated by *Northern Democrats* but placed fourth behind *John C. Breckinridge* and *John Bell*. -This man stated that the Dred Scott case and popular sovereignty could coexist in the Freeport Doctrine. -Illinois Senator and designer of the Kansas-Nebraska Act who defeated Abraham Lincoln in an 1858 Senator race after serious debates.

Earl Warren

+In *Afroyim v. Rusk*, he ruled that citizens of the United States *may not be deprived of their citizenship involuntarily.* +He found *interracial marriage constitutional* in *Loving v. Virginia*. +His court decided *Mapp v. Ohio* which found that the *Fourth Amendment extends to state courts*. +He held that the *states are bound by the Court's decisions* and must enforce them even if the states disagreed with them in *Cooper v. Aaron*. +This man delayed retirement since he discovered that *Abe Fortas has a secret contract with Louis Wolfson*. +He prosecuted *Whitney in Whitney v. California*. He also *prosecuted then pardoned Earl King, Ernest Ramsay, and Frank Conner, three seamen accused of murder. +His court ruled that state legislature districts had to be approximately equal in population, *Reynolds v. Sims*, as well as one which ruled that federal courts could decide *reapportionment* cases, *Baker v. Carr.* +He decided *Engel v. Vitale* which made *mandatory school prayer* unconstitutional. +The *John Birch Society* lead an impeachment drive for this *"Superchief"*. +His signing of the *Collier-Burns Act in 1947 raised gasoline taxes* that funded a massive program of *freeway construction.* +As *District Attorney of California* after *Ulysses Webb*, he threatened to fire *Carey McWilliams* as soon as he came became governor for opposing *Japanese internment*. !He ruled that Florida could not deny the *right to counsel after a break-in at a pool room in Gideon v. Wainwright*. He also approved student armband protest in *Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District*. !He became the losing running mate of *Thomas Dewey in 1948* to *Truman and Alben Barkley*. !*Eisenhower* referred to this man as *"the biggest damned-fool mistake" he'd ever made.* !He beat *Culbert Olson* to become the only incumbent California governor to be *nominated by both parties* and elected *three consecutive times*. -He led the commission that investigated JFK's assassination. -This judge ordered that "all deliberate speed" be used to carry out Brown v. Board of Education. He also decided *Miranda v. Arizona*. -Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during almost all of the 1960's, who also names a commission that investigated the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

+Lincoln's *Postmaster General Montgomery Blair led the defense in this case*. +*Strader v. Graham* was cited as precedence for the majority. Earlier, *Somersett v. Stewart, Winny v. Whitesides, and Rachel v. Walker* were cited as precedents. +Justice *Robert Cooper Grier* was convinced by the presidents to switch sides in this case. !It's *7-2 decision* led to the formation of the *Freeport Doctrine*. !Justices *Benjamin Curtis and John McClean* dissented this case, citing *Marie Louise v. Marot* as precedence. !This case was also applied to *Harriet Robinson who served John Emerson*. -Chief Justice Roger Taney led the court in this case. -1857 SCOTUS case that declared the Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional and the Louisiana plaintiff was not a citizen despite time spent in Illinois and Wyoming.

Thomas Hart Benton

+With his brother *Jesse*, this man brawled *William Carroll* and *Andrew Jackson* in *Nashville*. +This man stayed at the home of *Charles Gratiot* and was supported by *Pierre Chouteau*. + This man published a contemporary "historical and legal examination" of the *Dred Scot decision* and wrote his *Abridgements of the Debates of Congress.* +He survived the *USS Princeton explosion* and proposed admitting *Texas into the union as a free and a slave half*. +This man lost to a *Opposition Party Candidate* after one term in the house. !He lost in the Senate to *Whig Henry Geyer*. !He authored the *first Homestead Act*. !This man called *attorney Robert Lucas a puppy and dueled him on Bloody Island*. !His autobiography was *Thirty Years' View*. !During debates over the *Compromise of 1850* with *Millard Filmore*, he was nearly shot by *Henry S. Foote.* !He was *John C. Fremont's father-in-law*. -Missouri Senator who shares a name with his descendant, an American muralist. He was nicknamed Old Bullion.

Astor

+Members of this family established the *Ferncliff* home, *Rokeby*, and *St. Margaret's Home*. +Another member's horse *Vagrant* won the *Kentucky Derby*. +This family's namesake *Court* is the *first permanent cultural exchange between China and the US*. +A *Row* named after this family contains *twenty-eight houses designed by Charles Buek* which contain *front and side porches*. !One member of this family supposedly quipped *"I asked for ice, but this is ridiculous"* right before his death. !This family hosted the *National Broadcasting Service's first broadcast*, allied with *Louis Sherry*, and hired *celebrity chef Oscar Tschirky* who invented *Eggs Benedict and Thousand Island dressing*. !*John Chanler's* children are known as this family's *orphans*. !This family hired *Ward McAllister who coined the term "The Four Hundred"*. !A *"Place"* named after this family includes a *Opera House* and was the site of a *riot between the supporters of rival actors Edwin Forrest and William Charles Macready*. !One member of this family authored *A Journey in Other Worlds*. !One member of this family established the *Florida Yacht Club* and a *grapefruit plantation in Southern Florida*. !Two members of this family, including *William* (who had a feud with his aunt *Caroline*), built two *competing hotels in New York connected by Peacock Alley*. -This family is the namesake of a Queens neighborhood.

William Lloyd Garrison

+One of this activist's organizations published *The Slave's Friend, a magazine for children*. +This activist's son *Wendell Phillips* edited the *oldest continuously published weekly magazine in the United States, The Nation* while another son of the same name *assisted Booker Washington in founding the Tuskegee Institute* and *wrote articles that attempted to repeal the Chinese Exclusion Act.* +*Isaiah Rynders* opposed this activist's speeches. +In *Thoughts on African Colonization*, this activist condemned recolonization efforts. !This activist co-founded one institution with *Isaac Knapp* which started an issue with *"I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—and I will be heard."* +*Wendell Phillips* succeeded this activist in one institution. + This activist was inspired by *The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable* to begin an organization with the motto *"Our country is the world, our countrymen are mankind"*. +This person is pictured *holding a bag between David Wilmot and Horace Greeley* in the political cartoon *"The Hurly-Burly Pot".* !The *Liberty Party* consisted of dissidents of this activist and nominated *James G. Birney for president*. !*Arthur and Lewis Tappan* broke from this activist. !This person's column, *The Black List*, called out *Francis Todd* who sued this man and *Benjamin Lundy* while they cooperated on the *Genius of Universal Emancipation* paper. !This man controversially *burned a copy of the Constitution*, calling it a *"covenant with death."* -He split with Frederick Douglass. -Abolitionist who created the American Anti-Slavery Society and edited The Liberator.

Samuel J. Tilden

+One of this man's most important achievements as governor culminated in the fight around the *Costigan Bill* and included negotiations with *Commissioner Wales* and a political group led by *Jarvis Lord.* +This Presidential candidate was supported by *Henry Watterson*. + This man defended *Azariah Flagg*, who was required to show why he, more than the *mechanic Giles*, deserved the position of city comptroller. +He was nicknamed *" the usufruct"* for his previous career as a *lawyer specializing in railroad mergers.* +This politician was caricatured as a *Egyptian sarcophagus in Thomas Nast cartoons.* In the cartoon *"A Hard Summer for the Soft Rag Baby,"* this man holds a fan over baby +Opposition from in-state rivals like *Honest John Kelly and Fernando Wood* did not dissuade *Robert Kernan* from nominating him for president +This man defeated the *incumbent John Adams Dix* to become governor, in which capacity he created the investigative *Bigelow Commission.* *John Bigelow* wrote a biography on him. !This man bequeathed four million dollars to a *trust* that helped establish the *original New York City Public Library. * !This man was linked to *William T. Pelton, his nephew, via the "Cipher Dispatches"*, which suggested that this man was involved in an attempt to bribe members of the electoral college. -As governor, he broke up the Canal Ring and the Tweed Ring for the Committee of Seventy. -A Democrat and New York Governor who ran with Thomas Hendricks but lost the election of 1876 to Rutherford Hayes.

Patrick Henry

+Quotes: Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take. +This man joined * John Marshall, Alexander Campbell, and James Innis* in arguing *Ware v. Hylton*. +This man married *Sarah Shelton* at the *Rural Plains house*. He moved to *Hanover Tavern*. +*Archibald Cary* imprisoned this man for five months on the charge of creating a public disturbance +He was nicknamed *"Son of Thunder."* +His estate of *Scotchtown* served as an institute for his mentally ill wife *Sarah*. He later moved to *Leatherwood Plantation*. +As governor, this man sent *George Rogers Clark* to invade *Kaskaskia*. ! This man led a militia to obtain *300 pounds from Lord Dunmore* during the *Gunpowder Incident*. !He declined John Adams' *ambassadorship to France.* !This *Anti-Federalist* refused to attend the *Constitutional Convention* because he smelled *"a rat in Philadelphia."* !*William Wirt* wrote some *"Sketches of the Life and Character of"* this man. !He proposed the *Virginia Resolves* to oppose the *Stamp Act*. !This man legally fought *James Maury* while defending *Hanover County* over the *Two-Penny Act* which regarded *debts paid with tobacco* in *Parson's Cause*. -This man stated that *"Julius had his Brutus, Charles had his Cromwell"* before he stated, *"If this be treason, make the most of it!"* -He was the first post-colonial governor of Virginia. -Virginia politician who famously stated, "Give me liberty or give me death!" at *St. John's Church.*

Battle of First Bull Run

+The *Louisiana/Wheat's Tigers* first saw action at this battle. +*Sarah Emma Edmonds* first served as a *nurse* at this battle. +*Wilmer McLean's House* served as an HQ during this battle. +A *bridge across Cub Run Creek* held a *wagon overturned by artillery fire* during this battle. +This battle saw the *first use of wig-wag semaphore signaling in combat* when *Edward Porter Alexander* warned of *Robert Schenck's attack* for *Nathan "Shanks" Evans"*. +*Milledge L. Bonham and James Longstreet* failed to pursue the enemy in this battle. !This battle saw the movement of *Daniel Tyler* at the *Stone Bridge* near the *Warrenton Turnpike* and combat near *Matthews Hill*. *Francis Bartow* helped to repulse one attack. !*Professor Thaddeus S.C. Love* used the *Enterprise balloon* for recon during this battle. !*Civilian onlookers* made retreat difficult. !*Probing attacks at Blackburn's Ford* led to the crossing of *Sudley Ford* by *Brigadier Generals David Hunter and Samuel Heintzelman*. !*Joseph Johnston's reinforcements* turned this battle. -"Stonewall" Jackson earned his nickname at this battle's *Henry House Hill* from *Barnard Bee*. -First major battle of the civil war, where P.G.T. Beauregard defeated Irvin McDowell.

Plessy v. Ferguson

+This case was *continued in Pace v. Alabama* until overruled by *McLaughlin v. Florida*. *Berea College v Kentucky* extended its jurisdiction. +*Dan Desdunes* made a similar attempt to instigate this case. +*Press Street* was the site of the incident that launched this case. !The line *"there is in this country no superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens"* was used in the dissent of this case. !The case *Strauder v. West Virginia* was contrasted and *Roberts v. City of Boston* was used as precedence with this ruling in the majority opinion. !*William Rehnquist* wrote the *Random Thought memo* in support of this ruling. !*PBS Pinchback* helped the *Comité des Citoyens (Citizens' Committee)* which instigated this case. !Justice *David Josiah Brewer* did not attend this case due to his daughter's death. !*Henry Billings Brown* delivered the majority opinion in this case. !The author of *A Bypasser's Notes*,*Albion Tourgee*, represented the defense in this case -Justice John Marshall Harlan attacked Louisiana's Separate Car Act which caused this case, calling it a "badge of servitude". -1896 SCOTUS case that upheld the constitutionality of "separate but equal". Overruled in Brown v. Board of Education.

Douglas MacArthur

+This man *sued journalists Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen for defamation* who in turn threatened to call his *mistress Isabel Rosario Cooper*. +*Unit 731*, a *covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit*, was interrogated by this man. +This man allied with *Socialist and Communist Parties* to defend the *Economic Stabilization Board.* +This man employed *Beate Sirota Gordon and economist Eleanor Hadley* to draft up codified *women's rights*. +This man suppressed the *Philippine Scouts Uprising* with the help of his *chief of staff Richard Sutherland*. +This man married *Louise Cromwell Brooks* and *Jean Marie Faircloth*.

Dick Cheney

+This man became Secretary of Defense after *John Tower* wasn't confirmed. +He started as a *intern for William Steiger*. !While *quail hunting*, this man accidentally shot *Texas lawyer Harry Whittington*. !This man replied with *"So?"* when replying to *Martha Raddatz* and said he avoided the draft because he had *"other priorities in the '60s than military service."* !He was the target of the *Bagram Air Base bombing*. !This man served as *campaign manager* and *Chief of Staff after David Rumsfield* for *Gerald Ford*. !His former chief of staff, *Scooter Libby*, was investigated for *leaking CIA agent Valerie Plame's name.* -He served as *CEO of Halliburton* for five years. -He served as the Secretary of Defense during the first Gulf War and became Vice President under George W. Bush.

Nat Turner

+This man befriended *Ethelred Brantley*. !This man stated that he *" discovered droplets of blood on the corn" with hieroglyphics and a higher power told him to "return to the service of his earthly master"*. -The leader of the deadliest slave riot in American history.

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

+This man expounded upon the *Prediction Theory of Law* in his address *The Path of the Law*. +He wrote for the majority in *Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States* which espoused the *fruit of the poisonous tree* metaphor relating to illegally obtained evidence. +Harvard law professor *Mark Antony De Wolfe Howe* collected his speeches, which included the quote *If once in a while in our rough riding a neck is broken, I regard it not as a waste, but as a price well paid for the breeding of a race fit for headship and command." +*George Frisbie Hoar* opposed this man's nomination. He earlier succeeded *Otis Lord* on the *Massachusetts State Court.* +His first SCOTUS opinion was *Otis v. Parker*. +This man ruled that *Major League Baseball is not a trust*. He dissented in *Northern Securities Co. v. United States* over James Hill's monopoly. +He authored the pamphlet *Privilege, Malice, and Intent* and argued that judges made decisions based on *felt necessities*. !His *The Common Law* book contains the *Soldier's Faith speech*. !He commented on the overturn of a law limiting *bakery working hours*, stating that the case *" decided upon an economic theory which a large part of the country does not entertain," and "the fourteenth amendment does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statistics"* in *Lochner v. New York*. !*Zechariah Chafee's and Learned Hand's criticisms* influenced his opinion on a *Yiddish pamphlet distributer in Abrams v. United States*. !He wrote that *"three generations of idiots are enough"* regarding *Carrie buck's forced sterilization* in *Buck v. Bell*. -This man stated that the First Amendment does not protect a person falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic in Schenck v. United States with the clear and present danger doctrine. -Supreme Court Justice nicknamed "The Great Dissenter".

John Brown

+This man founded the *League of Gileadites*. !With *James Lane*, he fought in the *Warakusa War*. !This man defeated *Henry Pate* at the *Battle of Black Jack*. He exchanged *Pate for his two sons*. !This man failed a *wool partnership with Simon Perkins* in *Springfield, Massachusetts*. !This man declared the *Chatham Constitution in Ontario*. !This man used the *pseudonym Isaac Smith while hiding at Kennedy Farmhouse*. !*Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Samuel Gridley Howe, Theodore Parker, Franklin Benjamin Sanborn, Gerrit Smith and George Luther Stearns* were part of his *Secret Six*. -This man conducted the Pottawatomie Massacre after the Lawrence Massacre in Bleeding Kansas. He *hacked James Doyle's family to death* during it.

Sitting Bull

+This man gave *Annie Oakley* the nickname *"Little Sure Shot"*. *Caroline Weldon* financed this man. +This man was told by a *meadowlark in a vision* that *his own people would kill him*. +He was a member of the *Silent Eaters council* and *Strong Heart society*. +With *Gall*, he won the *Battle of Killdeer Mountain* and successfully *sieged Fort Rice*. +This man was *shot in the hip* while raiding *James Fisk's wagon train*. !This man *slashed his arm a hundred times during a Sun Dance*. !After *James Walsh* received this man in *Canada*, he was forced to surrender at *Fort Buford* where he ordered his son *Crow Foot* to give up his rifle. He was imprisoned at *Fort Randall*. !This man's ally won the *Battle of Rosebud*. !*James McLaughlin* offered this man a *hoe*. !During the *Ghost Dance Uprising*, he was killed at *Standing Rock*. !He traveled with *Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West show*. -Lakota leader who allied with Crazy Horse to win the Battle of Little Big Horn after receiving a vision of soldiers falling out of the sky like grasshoppers.

Frederick Douglass

+This man remarried to *Helen Pitts*. +He served as president of the *Freedmen's Savings Bank*. +This man lived in *Cedar Hill* and is the namesake of a *row of townhouses in Baltimore*. +This man described *Wye House* in one of his works. He stayed with *Nathan and Mary Johnson*. +This man was inspired by *The Columbian Orator*. +He gave the speech *Self-Made Man*. He also gave the *London Reception Speech* at * Alexander Fletcher's Finsbury Chapel*. +He visited *Ireland on the Cambria*. !He recalls *ships with white sails*, *Demby's death by Mr. Gore*, *tricks older boys into teaching him*, and *fights with Edward Covey*. He also works for the *Auld family*. !He was selected for *Vice Presidential candidate on the Equal Rights Party ticket with Victoria Woodhull*. !In *Rochester*, he lambasted *"gross injustice and cruelty"* as well as *"empty and heartless"* sounds in the *4th of July oration*. -He was the only African American at the Seneca Falls Convention. -He escapes from Talbot County, Maryland to New Bedford, Massachusetts with Anna Murray. -Prominent abolitionist famous for his narrative autobiographies and The North Star. Merged with *Gerrit Smith's Liberty Party Paper*.

John Jacob Astor

+This man roomed with *Sarah Cox Todd*. +This man purchased *Messenger*, the ancestor of all *American Standardbred horses*. !This man disguised a *Chinese businessman as Punqua Winchong* to bypass the *Embargo Act*. !This man hired *Washington Irving* to write a *travelogue*. !He made a *exclusive opium trading contract with the British East India Company* and *traded tea with China*. !The *Tla-o-qui-aht* attacked *Jonathan Thorn and his ship the Tonquin* who was hired by this man. He later sent the *Beaver* for a resupply. !His namesake *library merged with James Lenox's to form the NY Public Library*. The two lions in front *were originally named for them*. !This man hired *Thomas Price Hunt and Ramsay Crooks* on the *Overland Expedition*. !He established *Robert Stuart House* on *Mackinac Island* as the headquarters for his company. -Multi-millionaire from New York who founded the American Fur Company and a namesake settlement on the Columbia River in Oregon, the first American settlement on the Pacific coast.

Barry Goldwater

+This man was supported by the *Suite 3505 Committee* which included *Congressman John M. Ashbrook of Ohio, lawyer William A. Rusher and scholar F. Clifton White*. +This man wrote and promoted an act *regulating government (PEG) television programs, the Cable Communications Policy Act*. +This man sued *Jimmy Carter for nullifying a defense treaty with Taiwan*. +This man helped pass the *Alaska Mental Health Enabling Act*. !This man defeated *Senate Majority Leader and Father of the G.I. Bill Ernest McFarland* in a senator election. !This man was refuted by *General Curtis LeMay* whether or not *Wright-Patterson Air Force Base held UFOs*. !This man defeated *William Scranton and Nelson Rockefeller* in the primary. !This man's slogans included a promise of *" a choice, not an echo"* *"In your heart, you know he's right"* was countered with *"In your guts, you know he's nuts*. !In his acceptance speech, this man stated that *extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice.* *L. Brent Bozell ghost-wrote* this man's book *The Conscience of a Conservative*. !He co-sponsored a *Defense Department reorganization bill with Bill Nichols*. -This man was supported by Ronald Reagan's "A Time For Choosing" speech but was attacked in the Daisy ad. -Republican Arizona Senator who lost terribly to Lyndon Baines Johnson in the 1964 Presidential Election.

Ethan Allen

+This man wrote *An Essay on the Universal Plenitude of Being* which influenced the *Transcendental movement*. +*John Leacock* dramatized one incident featuring this man who *exchanged a series of letters with Beverly Robinson.* +This man *swiftly reacted to the Westminster Massacre*. +This man was publicly inoculated for smallpox by *Dr. Thomas Young* in violation of the law. +This man *unsuccessfully attempted a raid on Fort St. Johns.* !While imprisoned at *Pendennis Castle*, this man wrote his government *urging the kind treatment of prisoners* and was the *subject of an impromptu fundraiser at Cork.* !He joined his cousins *Seth Warner* and *Remember Baker* in forming a group to oppose *Governor William Tryon* over the *Wentworth Grants*. !This man treasonously engaged in talks with the *Governor of Quebec, Frederick Haldimand* about the independence of *Thomas Chittenden's republic*. !He was captured by forces dispatched by *Guy Carleton* at the *Battle of Longue-Pointe*, his failed attempt to *capture Montreal.* !With his brothers, this man founded the *Onion River Land Company. * !He defended *deist ideas in Reason, the Only Oracle of Man* which was attacked by *Timothy Dwight*. -He opposed New York's claims to the New Hampshire grants. -With Benedict Arnold, he captured Fort Ticonderoga. -The leader of the Green Mountain boys in Vermont during the Revolutionary War.

Aaron Burr

+This man's final marriage was to *Eliza Jumel*. +He fathered two illegitimate children with *East Indian servant Mary Emmons, a.k.a. Eugénie Bearhani*. +*Thomas Baker* states that *William P. Van Ness* and *Edward Livingston* plotted an electoral scheme for this man. +*Jonathan Dayton, the youngest man to sign the Constitution*, was connected to this man. +The *Ogden* family included his two stepbrothers. +This man helped command *Malcolm's Additional Continental Regiment*. +His daughter *Theodosia* was lost on the *Patriot* schooner. +This man defeated *Philip Schuyler* in a senate race but lost to *Morgan Lewis* for governor after *Charles Cooper* criticized him in a letter. +This man rallied *Yale students* with *James Hillhouse* against *Tryon's Raid in Connecticut*. !*John Wickham and Luther Martin* defended this man in court. !This man's *Cipher Letter* and message to *Anthony Merry and the Marquis of Casa Yrujo* were discovered. !This man presided over *John Pickering's* and *Samuel Chase's impeachment trial*. !This man established the *Bank of the Manhattan Company* and transformed *Tammany Hall* into a political organization. !This man *leased the Bastrop Tract on the Ouachita River* and used *Herman Blennerhassett's Island*. -This man plotted the creation of a Spanish Empire with James Wilkinson. -This man nearly defeated Thomas Jefferson in an election and instead became the third VP. The Twelfth Amendment was passed afterward. -This man shot Alexander Hamilton in Weehawken, New Jersey.

Sam Houston

+This man's son *Temple Lea* defended *prostitute Minnie Stacey in his Soiled Dove Speech*. +*Brothers J.K. Allen and A.C. Allen* founded his namesake city. +This man utilized the *Runaway Scrape* to escape invading forces and suppressed the *Regulator-Moderator War*. +This man was crippled at the *Battle of Horseshoe Bend*. !This man attempted to protect *Chief Bowl from Thomas J. Rusk during the Cordova Rebellion*. !While utilizing the *Twin Sisters*, this man's horse *Saracen* was shot. !*Chief John Jolly* gave this man the nickname *Raven*. He was also nicknamed *Big Drunk*. !After defeating *Newton Cannon and former governor Willie Blount.*, this man resigned as *Governor of Tennessee* when *Eliza Allen left him*. !This man was defeated in the *Constitutional Union Party's nomination to John Bell*. !As a *adopted Cherokee*, he defended the tribe's honor by *caning William Stanbery*. *Francis Scott Key* defended him in a trial. -He was evicted as governor for refusing to swear loyalty to the Confederacy. Replaced by *Edward Clark*. -First President of Texas who won the Battle of San Jacinto against Santa Anna. Succeeded by *Anson Jones*.

Henry Agard Wallace

+This politician is the subject of *John Culver and John Hyde's biography American Dreamer.* + *Bull Connor* arrested this man's running mate for trying to use a *"Colored" restroom in Birmingham.* !He founded one of the *first hybrid seed companies, the Hi-Bred Corn Company, with his wife Illo Browne's assistance*. !He edited *The New Republic* newspaper. ! *United States v. Butler* found that the *compensated destruction of crop and livestock promoted by the Agricultural Adjustment Act* was unconstitutional while this politician was *Secretary of Agriculture*. !He gave the *Price of Free World Victory* speech which contained the phrase *century of the common man*. !During this man's time as the *head of the Board of Economic Warfare*, he came into conflict with *Commerce Secretary Jesse Jones* over the *planting of cryptostegia in Haiti.* !Threats to reveal *extramarital affairs of Wendell Wilkie* were used to counter *Westbrook Pegler's* revelations about this man's *guru letters* with *Russian mystic Nicholas Roerich* and his *Agni Yoga religion*. -Franklin D. Roosevelt's second vice-president after "Cactus Jack" Garner who lost the election of 1948 for the Progressive Party with Glen Taylor.

Battle of Saratoga

+Troops were ambushed at *Simeon Barber's wheatfield* during this battle. !The anonymous *Boot Monument* celebrates a participant's injured leg in this battle. !*General Lincoln* took control of one group in this battle after a relieve of command. !The British held the *Breymann and Balcarres Redoubts* during this battle. !*Baron Rediesel* was deflected by *Ebenezer Learned* during this battle. !A *Green Mountain Boys'* victory at the *Battle of Bennington* under John Stark deprived reinforcements for one side of this battle. !*Henry Clinton* captured *Forts Montgomery and Clinton* as a distraction from this battle. !Losses at the *Battle of Oriskany and the Siege of Fort Stanwix* prevented *Barry St. Ledger* from joining this battle. !*Major John Acland* was killed during this conflict. *Timothy Murphy*, a member of *Daniel Morgan's rifles*, supposedly shot *Simon Fraser* during this conflict. -It included the locations of *Freeman's Farm* and *Bemis Heights*. France and Spain joined the US after it. -The turning point of the American revolution when John Burgoyne lost to Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold.

William Henry Seward

+While traveling the world, this man *adopted olive Risley*. +With *Alvah Wilson*, he traveled down south to *Georgia to serve in an Eatonton academy*. +In a speech, this man warned against the *"irrepressible conflict between opposing and enduring forces"*. +This man introduced the *Guano Islands Act*. +Cartoons depicted him *caught in Winfield Scott's web, his namesake "little bell", his "old mother" form rubbing a "Russian salve" on Andy's head, and his confrontation with Mercutio as Romeo*. !This man used the new *insanity defense* to defend *William Freeman from execution*. Failed with *Henry Wyatt*. !This man was part of the *Team of Rivals* with *Edward Bates* and *Salmon P. Chase*. !This man negotiated a treaty with *Richard Lyons* to curb the *Atlantic slave trade*. !He served as a *Anti-Masonic state senator* where he befriended *Thurlow Weed*. !This man defeated *William Marcy* to become *Governor of New York*. He was succeeded in his highest position by *Elihu Washburne*. !*David Herold* assisted and *George F. Robinson* stopped *Lewis Powell* who stabbed this man. !While debating over the *Compromise of 1850*, this man invoked a *"higher law than the Constitution"*. !This man renounced *Charles Wilkes' seizure of James Murray Mason and John Slidell* to resolve the *Trent Affair*. -Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson who famously purchased Alaska from *Eduard de Stoeckel*.

John Jay

+With *Lindley Murray*, he worked as a clerk for *Benjamin Kissam*. +This man has two historically landmarked houses in *Rye and Bedford*. +In a letter to *John Murray*, this man stated that *"Real Christians will abstain from violating the rights of others, and therefore will not provoke war."* He also proclaimed that *"No human society has ever been able to maintain both order and freedom, both cohesiveness and liberty apart from the moral precepts of the Christian Religion."*. +This man went to suppress *rumors of bodies being stolen in the Doctors' Riot in NYC but was knocked out by a brick* as *Secretary of Foreign Affairs*. +This man decided *West v. Barnes (Rhode Island veteran loses farm in first decision ever), Hayburn's Case (never decided, only delayed), and Georgia v. Brailsford (last SCOTUS case with a jury). +*Frederick Muhlenberg*, the *first Speaker of the House*, cast the deciding vote on a document negotiated by this man. !This man succeeded *Henry Laurens* as *President of the Continental Congress*, quitting to serve as *Minister to Spain*. !With *Robert Livingston and Gouverneur Morris*, he *drafted NY's first constitution* and he founded the *New York Manumission Society*. !A Jeffersonian cry asked to *"Damn everyone who won't damn"* this man. !The *Eleventh Amendment* was passed after his ruling on *Chisholm v. Georgia* which was the last *lawsuit* brought before SCOUTS. !He lost to *George Clinton for Governor of New York* over *voting technicalities*. !An agreement he negotiated acquired *"most favored nation status" for the evacuation of eight western forts*. -He wrote the Federalist Papers with Madison and Hamilton (specifically *No. 2-5* which included *"Concerning Danger from Foreign Force and Influence."*). -First Chief Justice of the United States who drafted a namesake 1795 treaty normalizing relations with Britain.

Oil Industry

-*Robert Nobel* started *Branobel* which produced this commodity for Russia.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

-1911

John D. Rockefeller

-Acquired the *Kykuit Mansion at John D. Rockefeller estate*. -Aided by *Dustin Archbold*. -Married *Laura "Cettie" Spelman*. -Said that "God gave me money". -Headquartered at *The Flats* in *Cleveland, Ohio*. -Partnered with *Henry H. Rogers and Charles Pratt*. -Prompted the creation of the *South Improvement Company* which was a group of *railroad magnates who gave preferential shipping rates*. -His father went under the name *"William Levingston"* and sold elixirs as a con "botanical physician". -Allied with *Samuel Andrews, Samuel Flagler, Bostwick, and Harkness.* -Founded *UChicago and Central Philippine University.* -He was exposed by *Ida Tarbell* in a *19-part expose in McClure's magazine*. -Founder of Standard Oil. -Richest American of all time, and richest person in modern history.

Rockefeller Center

-Briefly exhibited the painting *Man at the Crossroads* by *Diego Rivera* before it was removed for *showing Vladimir Lenin*. -Contains a *golden Prometheus statue by Thomas Manship*. -Has the *Time & Life Building*, *Associated Press HQ*, and offered part of itself to the *Dutch government*. -Refused the tenant *William Rhodes Davis* for *shipping oil to Axis countries*. -Has the famous *Rainbow Room*. -Office of *Allen Dulles future head of CIA* and *William Stephenson's British Info agency*. -*Todd, Robertson, and Todd* was supposed to build the *Met's new opera house* here. -Contains Radio City, which includes the Radio Music Hall. Also has the International Complex (foreign residents) and a famous Christmas tree. -HQ of Eastern Air Lines in 1975. -Originally belonged to *David Hosack*, who built the first botanical garden, the *Elgin Botanic Garden* on the land. -Originally owned by Columbia University. A complex of 19 buildings in NYC: 14 in Art Deco, 5 in International Style called *Avenue of the Americas*.

Standard Oil

-Depicted as *two snakes being crushed by the infant Hercules/Theodore Roosevelt*. -VP was *Dustin Archbold*. -Bought *Cheesebrough Manufacturing Co., the company that made Vaseline*. -Assisted by the *Southern Improvement Company*. -*Three of its ships were destroyed* in the *USS Panay incident*. -Committed the *Cleveland Massacre*, destroying a *slew of competition*. -Acquired Charles Pratt's and Henry H. Roger's company. -One of the first trusts in American history. Split into 34 companies after a case involving its branch in New Jersey was ruled by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Nelson Rockefeller

-Guided the *Quantico Study* regarding *psychology during the Cold War*. -First to lead the *Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs*. -Established the *American International Association for Economic and Social Development (AIA), in 1946, and the International Basic Economy Corporation (IBEC), in 1947 to make model farms*. -Got rid of the painting *Man at the Crossroads by Diego Rivera* for *depicting Lenin*. -Founded the *Museum of Primitive Art*. -Republican governor of New York and 41st Vice President of the US under Gerald Ford due to the 25th Amendment.

Rockefeller family

-Owns *Chase National Bank* -Member *Winthrop* hired *Lynn Davis* to stop *gambling activities as the first Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction*. Lost to *Dale Bumpers*. -One member was blamed for the *Ludlow Massacre*. -Member *William* founded the *Amalgamated Copper Mining Company* with *H.H. Rogers*. Originally *Anaconda Copper Mining Company est. by Marcus Daly*. -Member *Michael* was overturned in a canoe within Papua New Guinea. -Partnered with Maurice Clark.