Test 3

How are all elements except Hydrogen and Helium formed? What is the Triple-Alpha process?

*** Elements are formed by squeezing other elements together within a star during nuclear fusion. The Tripple Alpha process is the process in which elements form during nuclear fusion. For example, hydrogen gets burned out and replaced with helium and so on. (PUT MORE SHIT ON THIS ONE)

***Describe the ultimate fate of the Sun in detail. How is the fate of a 10 Solar-Massstar different? What governs the ultimate fate of a star?

1. It will swell into a red giant, then a red supergiant 2. It will undergo thermal pulses 3. It will eject its outer layers, creating a planetary nebula and reveal a white dwarf underneath. A star with 10 solar masses is considered a high mass star. High mass star undergoes a type 2 supernova which is far more violent. The mass decides how a star is going to die. (PUT MORE SHIT ON THIS ONE)

A black hole of 15 solar masses with have a Schwarzchild radius of 15 Solar Radii 15 km 25 AU 45 km

45 km

What is a Planetary Nebula? A Helium Flash?

A planetary nebula is a ring shaped nebula that has formed around an aging star. A helium flash is a quick flash "burning" of helium into carbon.

*** What is the difference between Type I and II supernovae?

A type 1 supernova only occurs within a binary star system with a white dwarf. The companion star turns into a red giant then rapidly transfers material to the white dwarf. The white dwarf then exceeds 1.4 solar masses, then collapses. All carbon in the star attempts to perform thermonuclear fusion at once, then it thermally detonates leaving nothing. A type 2 supernova occurs for larger stars above 8 solar masses. materials fuse together until eventually getting to iron. Iron gets disintegrated immediately, leaving a void inside of the core. The remaining layers of the star collapse in then bounce back and ****ing explode. The remnant turns into either a neutron star or a black hole.

What is a White Dwarf? A Red giant?

A white dwarf is a very small white star roughly the size of a planet. A white dwarf is formed when a low mass star exhausts all of its energy and loses it's outer layers. A red giant is a very luminous low temperature star that has swollen up to a massive size. Whenever a star like our sun runs out of hydrogen, it switches to helium "burning". During this process it swells up into a red giant.

A black hole is an object with gravity so strong not even light can escape it. All of the above greater than 3 solar masses created by a type II supernov

All of the above

*** What are Black Holes? What is the Schwartzchild radius? What is a singularity?

Blackholes are super densly packed massive balls where not even light can escape. The Schwartzchild radius is the radius of the event horizon. Multiply the mass by 3 to find the radius diameter. The singularity is the center most point of a black hole.

Detecting a black hole can be done by Neither Both observing its effects on the light of other objects. observing its gravitational effects on the orbits of nearby objects.

Both

How do spiral arms form?

Density waves.

The interstellar medium in the Milky Way galaxy is found in the Central Bulge Halo Disk Galactic Nucleus

Disk

Our Sun will someday undergo a supernova explosion. True False

False

The globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy are found in the Disk Galactic Nucleus Halo Central Bulge

Halo

Which of the following can produce a type II supernova? High-mass star Neither Both Low-mass star

High-mass star

What is our best explanation for the presence of Spiral Arms in the Milky Way galaxy? The formation of Kirkwood gaps between the spiral arms The synchronized motions of the galaxy's stars all moving together. Gravitational influences from the nearby Andromeda galaxy Spiral density waves

Spiral density waves

Which of the following is NOT described by the Special Theory of Relativity? Relativistic mass Length contraction The equivalent effects of gravity and accelerations. Time dilation

The equivalent effects of gravity and accelerations.

A K0 supergiant star is more luminous than a K0 main sequence star. True False

True

A neutron star has a mass between 1.4 and 3 solar masses. True False

True

What does our galaxy look like? How do we know?

Visibly looking into the center of our galaxy it looks like a flat disk, which lets us know we're viewing it dead-on as a disk. Visibly we can also see a bulge near the central point of the galaxy, allowing us to identify the center. Beyond that, the visible spectrum of light can only look so far, however, radio waves can see the entire galaxy edge-to-edge where it is mapped out.

Which of the following is NOT a possible remnant from a type II supernova remnant? Neutron star complete annihilation - no remnant White dwarf Black hole

White dwarf

How are Black Holes detected?

You can view them with two basic ways. 1. How the black hole affects and bends light around it 2. How the black hole's gravity affects nearby objects

A pulsar is a rapidly rotating neutron star with a strong magnetic field oriented towards the Earth. an eclipsing binary star system. All of the above a possible type I supernova remnant.

a rapidly rotating neutron star with a strong magnetic field oriented towards the Earth.

A neutron star is created by a type II supernova black holes. a planetary nebula. a type I supernova

a type II supernova

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a globular star cluster? old few stars found in the galactic halo metal poor

few stars

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the evolution of a low-mass star? supernova main-sequence phase creation of planetary nebula red giant phase

supernova

A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a plot of ____________ for stars chemical composition vs. velocity mass vs. distance age vs. mass temperature vs. luminosity

temperature vs. luminosity

The General Theory of Relativity describes the evolution of stars. the dilation of time at speeds near the speed of light. the equivalent effects of gravity and accelerations. the effects of Newton's laws of motion.

the equivalent effects of gravity and accelerations.

A planetary nebula is the remnant of a type II supernova the gaseous remnant of a low-mass star undergoing thermal pulses a nearly spherical nebula in the Interstellar Medium the gaseous remnant from the formation of a Jovian planet

the gaseous remnant of a low-mass star undergoing thermal pulses

The spectral line patterns in the spectra of stars varies primarily because of variations in stellar distance variations in the Earth's atmosphere variations in time variations in stellar temperature

variations in stellar temperature

How do we know missing mass/dark matter is present in our galaxy?

we are able to detect it's gravitational influences

Describe the different components of our galaxy and where they are located.

• Nucleus (dead center) ○ Super massive black holes? • Central bulge (center) ○ Lots of ISM ○ Lots of RSG's ○ Old + young stars • Disk (Just outside of the bulge) ○ ISM ○ Open Clusters ○ Young + Old stars ○ On-going star formation • Halo (way outside of the disk) ○ No ism, ○ no more star formation ○ Globular clusters ○ Old