Anatomy 1 intro to skeletal system and parts of a long bone

Storage of energy of skeletal system

Yellow bone marrow is primarily adipose tissue and serves as energy storage for the body

site of blood cell production of the skeletal system

Red bone marrow is a connective tissue in certain bones that makes blood cells Hemopoiesis is the process of making blood cells

Epiphyseal plate

A layer of hyaline cartilage located in the metaphysis of growing bones Allows a bone to grow in length "Growth peak".

articular cartilage (long bone)

A layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the part of the epiphysis where the bone articulates (forms a joint) with another bone Serve to reduce friction and absorbs shock at movable joints Limited repair

Periosteum (long bone)

A tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the bone surface, except where there is articular cartilage Contain bone forming cells - these cells allow bones to get thicker, not longer - assist in repair Contains many nerves Served as attachment for ligaments and tendons

Epiphyseal line

After the bone stops growing the cartilage is replaced by bone This bone makes a distinct line in the bone

Metaphysis (long bone)

Area where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet

mineral homeostasis (storage) of the skeletal system

Bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus. The bones can then release them as needed to maintain homeostasis

Irregular bones

Bones that are complex shapes Ex: vertebrae and facial bones

Short bones

Bones with length and width about equal ex: wrist and ankle bones

Protection of the skeletal system

Internal organs are protected from injury by the skeleton Ex: the brain is protected by the skull

Why does articular cartilage heal poorly?

Lack of blood flow

Support of the Skeletal system

Provides a framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing points of attachment for skeletal muscles

Movement of the skeletal system

Skeletal muscles attach to bones. As muscle contracts it produces movement

Sesamoid bones

Small bones in tendons in areas of high pressure Ex: patella and tendons of wrist or knee

Sutural bones

Small bones that form between joints of cranial bones. Number varies from person to person.

Osteology

Study of bones

What does the skeletal system do?

Support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis (storage), Site of Blood cell production, and storage of energy

Diaphysis (long bone)

The bones shaft or body

Orthopedics

The branch of medicine that specializes in the protection and treatment of the skeletal system including articulations (joints)

Epiphysis (long bone)

The distal and proximal ends of the bone So, 2 per long bone

The skeletal system

The framework of bones, ligaments, and associated cartilage Each bone in the skeletal system is considered an individual organ

medullary cavity (long bone)

The marrow cavity Space in the center of the diaphysis Contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults (yellow and red marrow in children)

Flat bones

Thin and flat Serve as protection and a site of muscle attachment Ex: cranial bone, sternum, ribs

Long bones

bones that are longer than they are wide Made of 2 parts -Body (shaft) -End (extremities) Ex: arms, legs, fingers, and toes

Articulations

joints

Types of bones

long, short, flat, irregular, sutural, and sesamoid

Endosteum (long bone)

membrane that lines the medullary cavity, contains bone cells