Anatomy 1 intro to skeletal system and parts of a long bone
Storage of energy of skeletal system
Yellow bone marrow is primarily adipose tissue and serves as energy storage for the body
site of blood cell production of the skeletal system
Red bone marrow is a connective tissue in certain bones that makes blood cells Hemopoiesis is the process of making blood cells
Epiphyseal plate
A layer of hyaline cartilage located in the metaphysis of growing bones Allows a bone to grow in length "Growth peak".
articular cartilage (long bone)
A layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the part of the epiphysis where the bone articulates (forms a joint) with another bone Serve to reduce friction and absorbs shock at movable joints Limited repair
Periosteum (long bone)
A tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the bone surface, except where there is articular cartilage Contain bone forming cells - these cells allow bones to get thicker, not longer - assist in repair Contains many nerves Served as attachment for ligaments and tendons
Epiphyseal line
After the bone stops growing the cartilage is replaced by bone This bone makes a distinct line in the bone
Metaphysis (long bone)
Area where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet
mineral homeostasis (storage) of the skeletal system
Bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus. The bones can then release them as needed to maintain homeostasis
Irregular bones
Bones that are complex shapes Ex: vertebrae and facial bones
Short bones
Bones with length and width about equal ex: wrist and ankle bones
Protection of the skeletal system
Internal organs are protected from injury by the skeleton Ex: the brain is protected by the skull
Why does articular cartilage heal poorly?
Lack of blood flow
Support of the Skeletal system
Provides a framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing points of attachment for skeletal muscles
Movement of the skeletal system
Skeletal muscles attach to bones. As muscle contracts it produces movement
Sesamoid bones
Small bones in tendons in areas of high pressure Ex: patella and tendons of wrist or knee
Sutural bones
Small bones that form between joints of cranial bones. Number varies from person to person.
Osteology
Study of bones
What does the skeletal system do?
Support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis (storage), Site of Blood cell production, and storage of energy
Diaphysis (long bone)
The bones shaft or body
Orthopedics
The branch of medicine that specializes in the protection and treatment of the skeletal system including articulations (joints)
Epiphysis (long bone)
The distal and proximal ends of the bone So, 2 per long bone
The skeletal system
The framework of bones, ligaments, and associated cartilage Each bone in the skeletal system is considered an individual organ
medullary cavity (long bone)
The marrow cavity Space in the center of the diaphysis Contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults (yellow and red marrow in children)
Flat bones
Thin and flat Serve as protection and a site of muscle attachment Ex: cranial bone, sternum, ribs
Long bones
bones that are longer than they are wide Made of 2 parts -Body (shaft) -End (extremities) Ex: arms, legs, fingers, and toes
Articulations
joints
Types of bones
long, short, flat, irregular, sutural, and sesamoid
Endosteum (long bone)
membrane that lines the medullary cavity, contains bone cells
