Anatomy and Physiology 2 Final
anemia
different disease conditions caused by an inablility of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body cells.
vas deferens
duct connecting the epididymis and the ejaculatory duct
Sertoli cells
elongated cells to which spermatids become attached
ovary
essential organ of reproduction (gonad) in the female; produces ova
vulva
external reproductive organ in the female
genitalia
external reproductive organs
estrogen
female sex hormone secreted by the ovaries; the "feminizing hormone"
androgen
general term for male sex hormones
prostate
gland located below the bladder; secretions helps activate sperm adn helps maintian motility
labia majora
homologous to the scrotum in the male
progesterone
hormone secreted mainly by the corpus luteum
tunica intima
innermost layer of a blood vessel, consisting of endothelium
endometrium
innermost lining of the uterus; mucous membrane
vagina
internal tube from the uterus to the vulva
testes
male gonads
penis
male organ of copulation
semen
male reproductive fluid
testosterone
male sex hormone produced by interstitial cells in the testes
seminal vesicle
paired glands that contribute a fluid rich in fructose to seminal fluid
menopause
permanent termination of menstrual cycle activity
scrotom
pouch-like sac containing the testes
spermatogenesis
production of sperm cells
ovulation
release of ovum at the end oogenesis
lactation
secretion of milk for the nourishment of newborn infants
gamete
sex cell
gonads
sex glands in which gametes are formed
vestibule
the area between the labia minora
spermatozoa
the male reproductive cell
parathyroid hormone
this hormone causes an increase in blood calcium levels
thyroid hormone
this hormone contains atoms of iodine
calcitonin
this hormone decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood
cortisol
this hormone is a chief glucocorticoid released by the adrenal gland
human chorionic gonadotropin
this hormone is made by a fetal tissue component of the placenta
insulin
this hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreas
glucagon
this hormone is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas
insulin
this hormone lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood
aldosterone
this hormone regulates how electrolytes are processed in the body
thyroid hormone
this hormone regulates metabolism rate, processes cell growth, and tissue differentiation.
aldosterone
this is the only important mineralcorticoid hormone in humans.
epididymis
tightly coiled tube where sperm mature and develope the ability to swim; lies along the top and behind the testes
capillaries
type of vessel where exchange occurs between the blood and tissue fluid
arteries
type of vessels that carries blood away from the heart
veins
vessels that carry blood toward the heart
all of the above
Insulin
Vitamin B 12
Pernicious anemia may occur due to the lack of:
it does not contain either anti-A or anti-B antibodies
Type AB blood is considered to be the universal recipient because:
mother-, father+, infant+
Which of the following Rh factor combinations could cause aggulination of the infant's red blood cells?
erythrocyte
Which of the following can carry oxygen?
lymphocytes and monocytes
Which of the following cell types are classified as agranulocytes?
tunica albuginea
Which of the following divides the testes into lobules?
heparin
Which of the following does not hasten clotting?
alveoli
Which of the following does not serve as an air distributor?
thyroid
Which of the following endocrine glands is located in the neck?
thrombocytes
Which of the following formed elements assists in coagulation?
neutrophils and monocytes
Which of the following have the greatest power of phagocytosis in the tissues?
all of the above.
Which of the following helps to determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute?
oxytocin
Which of the following hormones causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts, making it accessible for the infant?
monocyte
Which of the following is an example of a leukocyte?
short distance traveled by chemical messenger
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
amount of blood cells
Which of the following is not a factor in determining a person's blood volume?
determines the quality of voice
Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx?
reticulocyte
Which of the following is not a leukocyte?
mandibular
Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus?
Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.
Which of the following is not a true statement?
trachea
Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the repiratory system?
all of the above: age, body type, sex, and method of measurement
Which of the following is/ are involved in determining a person's total blood volume?
heparin
Which of the following is/are an anticoagulant?
basophils
Which of the following types of white blood cells is thought to play a role in the prevention of clotting:
pulmonary vein
Which of the following vessels carries blood from the lungs to the heart?
capillaries
Which of the following vessels do not have the ability to constrict and dilate?
trachea
Which of these is not an opening in the pharynx?
mons pubis
a skin-covered pad of fat over the symphysis pubis
clitoris
a small organ of erectile tissue
thromobocytopenia
a type of clotting disorder caused by a decrease in the platelet count; characterized by bleeding from many small blood vessels throughout the body.
uterus
accessory organ of reproduction in the female; hollow, muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and grows
leukocytosis
an abnormally high white blood cell count
hemophilia
an inherited disorder characterized by a failure to form blood-clotting factors VIII, IX, or X.
bulbourethral
another name for Cowper's gland
systemic circulation
blood flow from the heart to the body ( not the lungs) and back to the heart
pulmonary circulation
blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
brachial
Which artery in the arm is used for measuring blood pressure?
common carotid
Which artery is used for feeling the pulse in the neck?
radial
Which artery is used in the wrist for taking the pulse?
type A
Which blood type would a person with anti-body B in their plasma be?
Oxytocin & Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for:
heme; globulin
The part of the hemoglobin that contains an iron atom and transport oxygen is __________, and the part that is a protein and transport carbon dioxide is __________.
clitoris
The part of the vulva which is composed of erectile tissue and is located just behind the junction of the labia minora is called the:
triiodothyronine (T3).
The principal thyroid hormone is:
lungs
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:
perinium
The region between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called the:
epiglottis
The small leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the:
urinary meatus
The small opening of the urethra, located between the clitoris and the vaginal orifice
allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain.
The small openings in the cribiform plate function to:
the heart and blood vessels
The structural components of the circulatory system include:
thyroid cartilage
The structure known as the "Adam's Apple" located in the neck is the:
SA node
The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is the:
pituitary
The structure referred to historically as the master gland is the:
about 3 degrees below normal body temperature
The temperature required for sperm production is:
elastic recoil
The tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to the pre-inspiration volume is called:
tidal volume
The term used to describe the volume of air exchanges during normal inspiration and expiration is:
20 feet in length
The tightly coiled tube of the epididymis measures:
tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima
The tissue layers of blood vessels from exterior to interior are:
Cheyne-Stokes'respiration
The type of breathing characterized by gradually increasing tidal volume for several breaths followed by several breaths with gradually decreasing tidal volume is:
trachea
The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the:
inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the:
calcitonin
This calcium-regulating hormone is made in the thyroid gland
blood clotting
Thrombocytes are used for:
capacitation
To be capable of fertilizing an ovum, sperm must undergo a process called:
anemia
A decrease in red blood cell numbers can result in:
40 ml of red blood cells and 60 ml of fluid plasma
A hematocrit of 40 % means that in every 100ml of whole blood, there are:
4.8 to 5.5 million/cubic mm
A normal adult red blood cell count ranges from:
heparin
A patient who is troubled by intravascular coagulation (thrombosis) might be treated with:
apnea
A period of hyperventilation leading to loss of consciousness would tend to be followed by a period of
spermatic cords
A supporting structure of the male reproductive system is the:
become fibrous cords that remain throughout life
After birth, the umbilical vessels remaining in the infant's body:
aorta
All arteries of the systemic circulation branch from the:
ovaries
All of the following are classified as accessory organs of reproduction in the female except the:
aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis
All of the following are true statements except:
thyroid gland
An abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with the functioning of the:
1-3 weeks
As part of the maturation process, the sperm will stay in the epididymis for:
has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone.
Calcitonin
the first heart sound ( lubb)
Contraction of the ventricles produces:
14
During a 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation would be most likely to occur on day___of the cycle.
a decrease in alveolar pressure
During insipiration, the expansion of the lungs causes:
inguinal canal
Each of the following is a duct in the male reproductive system except:
perineum
Each of the following structures is a part of the vulva except the:
released by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell formation
Erythropoientin is a hormone:
red blood cells
Erythropoiesis is the formation of:
fallopian tube
Fertilization of an ovum most often occurs in the:
25 million
Functional sterility results when the sperm count per millileter falls below which number?
alveoli
Gas exchange, the lungs' main and vital function, takes place in the:
bilirubin
Heme is broken down into this pigment, which is excreted in bile:
all of the above
Hormones may be:
placenta
Human chorionic gonadtropin is produced by the:
slow to appear, but long lasting
In comparison to the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are:
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
In order of blood flow through the vessels is:
fibrin
In the formation of a clot, the insoluble network of fine threads in which the cellular elements of blood are trapped is called:
testes
In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called:
all of the above
In the male, the urethra:
dyspnea
Labored or difficulty breathing is known as:
red blood cells
Many types of blood cells are produced in the:
eupnea
Normal quiet breathing is known as:
Vitamin D
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating:
fallopian tubes
Salpingitis is inflammation of the:
tunica media
Smooth muscle in blood vessels is located in the:
seminal vesicle
The male gland that secretes a fructose sugar used as an energy source for sperm is the:
erythrocyte
The mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes.
throat
The more common name for the pharynx is the:
carotid
The artery that serves the brain tissue is the:
45-50 years
The average age at which menopause occurs is:
prostagladin
The compound that is referred to as a tissue hormone is:
tunica albuginea
The dense, white fibrous capsule that encases each testis is called the:
b and c
The female reproductive system differs from the male reproductive system in that:
prepuce
The foreskin in the male is also known as the:
prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respirations.
The function of the surfactant is to:
area above where the tubes enter
The fundus of the uterus is the:
infundibulum
The funnel-shaped, open-ended portion of the oviduct is called the:
prostate gland
The gland that secretes an alkaline substance that constitutes about 30% of the seminal fluid is the:
pancreas
The gland that serves both an exocrine and an endocrine capacity is the:
arterioles
The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the:
oxytocin
The hormone that causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts is:
prolactin
The hormone that causes the alveoli of the mammary glands to secrete milk is:
oxytocin
The hypothalamus produces:
corpus luteum
The largest amount of progesterone is produced by the:
maxillary
The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the
number of sperm ejaculated
The main factor detemining male fertility is the:
progesterone
The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is:
iron
The major ingredient hemoglobin that allows oxygen to be transported is:
biconcave disks without nuclei
Under the microscope, eyrthrocytes appear as:
veins
Valves controlling the direction of blood flow are found in the:
expiration occurs
When the pressure in the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure:
2, 3, 5, and 6
When the semilunar valves of the heart are open, which of the following occur? 1. coronary arteries fill, 2. the AV valves are open, 3. the ventricles are in systole, 4. the ventricles are in diastole, 5. blood enters the aorta, 6. blood enters the pulmonary artery, 7. the atria contract.
embolism
condition in which a clot dislodges and circulates through the bloodstream
tunica media
middle layer of blood vessel containing smooth muscle
menstruation
monthly shedding of the outer layers of the endometrium
uterine tube
one pair of tubes that conduct ova from the ovary to the uterus; also called fallopian tube
tunica adventitia
outer connective tissue layer of a blood vessel