Anatomy - Ch 11 (Muscular System)

biceps brachii

flexes forearm and arm long head helps hold humeral head in glenoid fossa

mechanical advantage

load is close to fulcrum and effort is far from fulcrum

mechanical disadvantage

load is farther from fulcrum and effort is closer to fulcrum

teres major

medially rotates arm

Synergist

muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent unwanted movements

parallel muscle with tendinous bands

(ex. rectus abdominis)

wrapping muscle

(ex. supinator)

Diaphragm

- a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thoracic from the abdomen - contracting = Volume goes up= inspiration = elevate ribs - relaxing = volume goes down= expiration = depress ribs

flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi ulnaris

Flexes and adducts wrist extends and adducts wrist

stylohyoid

elevates hyoid bone and larynx

extensor carpi radialis longus

extends and abducts wrist

latissimus dorsi

extends and adducts arm

Coracobrachialis

flexes and adducts arm

temporepariecalis

moves ears & tenses scalp

Which of these muscles is an extensor of the neck?

splenius capitis

load or resistance

-opposes movement -the weight that is moved or some resistance an object to being moved

Buccinator

2 feeding functions: - helps push food around in cheeks - helps with breastfeeding suction

Which of the following abducts the arm?

Deltoid

What Bone FEATURE does Gluteus Maximus insert on?

Gluteal Tuberosity

(ILS) - intermediate layer

I- Iliocostalis - lateral L- longissimus S - spinalis - medial

What muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris group?

Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius

Which of the following retracts the scapula?

Rhomboid minor

epicranial aponeurosis

Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles

Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)

Tenses and retracts scalp

deltoid

abducts humerus

raphe

band of collagenous fibers

convergent

band-like structure that converge to a common point (ex. pectoralis major)

median nerve

carpal tunnel innverates digits I,2,3, and part of 4

The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a:

circular muscle

extensor digiti minimi

extends digit V (pinky)

extensor pollicis longus/brevis

extends digits of the pollex

triceps brachii

extends forearm and adducts arm

Extensor Indicis

extends index finger digit II

Which action is performed by most of the muscles located on the posterior compartment of the forearm?

extension

Unipennate

extensor digitorum longus

rotation of torso involves

external oblique, internal oblique, iliocosalis, longissimus

Cranial Nerve VII

facial nerve

A muscle that flexes the knee would originate on the:

femur or coxal bone

flexor digitorum superficialis extensor digitorum

flexes digits II-V, not I extends digits II-V, not I

flexor digitorum profundus

flexes distal phalanges 2-5

Rotor cuff muscles

hold humeral head in glenoid fossa (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)

Lever system components

lever, effort, load

second class lever system

load between fulcrum and effort mechanical advantage (ex. standing on tip toes)

prime mover (agonist)

muscle that produces most of force during a joint action (ex. biceps brachii flexes)

Insertion

muscle-tendon attachment to movable bone

origin

muscle-tendon attachment to stationary bone

pronator teres

pronates forearm

superior oblique

rotates eye downward and laterally

splenius capitis - superficial layer

rotates head, bends head to one side, or extends neck

inferior oblique

rotates the eye upward and laterally

teres major means

round big

effort

the force exerted by a muscular contraction

abductor pollicis longus

abducts thumb (pollex)

pectorals major

adducts arms, medially rotates arm

third class lever system

MOST COMMON the effort is located in between the fulcrum and the resistance mechanical disadvantage (ex. flex the lower arm)

Platysma

depresses mandible and grimace

lever

a simple machine that consists of a bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum

Sternohyoid

depresses hyoid bone and larynx

Brachioradialis

flexes elbow

Brachialis

flexes forearm

Orbicularis oculi

closes eye

Orbicularis oris

closes lips

transverse abdominis

compression of the abdomen

oblique muscles

compression of the abdomen and rotates spine

Multipennate

deltoid

internal intercostals

depress ribs during expiration

depressor anguli oris

depresses corner of mouth laterally

omohyoid

depresses hyoid bone and larynx 2 bellies = same function

pectorals minor

depresses/protracts the scapula

mylohyoid

elevates hyoid bone depress mandible elevate floor of mouth

digastric

elevates larynx depresses mandible open mouth 2 bellies = same function

masseter

elevates mandible closes jaw open jaw assist in protection/retraction of mandible mandible move side to side

Temporalis

elevates mandible closes jaw (medial) open jaw (lateral) assist in ONLY retraction of mandible mandible move side to side

lateral/medial pterygoid

elevates mandible closes jaw (medial) open jaw (lateral) assist in protection/retraction of mandible mandible move side to side

Scalenes

elevates ribs 1 and 2, flexes the neck

external intercostals

elevates ribs during inspiration

Trapezius

elevates scapula and clavicle, retracts scapula

levator labii superioris

elevates upper lip

zygomaticus minor

elevates upper lip

Fixator

muscle that prevents movement of bone and works together with the agonist & antagonist

Sartoruis

originates from tailors crossing their legs

The gastrocnemius acts to do the following:

plantar flex the ankle and flex the knee

Supinator

supinates forearm

Sternocleidomastoid

flexes neck and bend neck toward shoulder laterally

Palmaris Longus

flexes wrist

Fusiform

tapering at both ends; spindle-shaped (ex. digastric)

flexor carpi radialis extensor carpi radialis brevis

flexes wrist and abducts hand extends wrist and abducts hand

Which action is performed by most of the muscles located on the anterior compartment of the forearm?

flexion

Adduction at the wrist involves contraction of the

flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris

First class lever system

fulcrum between load and effort both mechanic advantage & disadvantage (ex. tilt the head forward/backward)

Antagonist

opposite of agonist (ex. triceps brachii extends)

circular

or sphincter muscle that inclose an opening (ex. orbicularis oculi and oris)

Pulley

patella & lateral maleolus

Eva Marie is a boxer! She goes and trains at her gym to properly prepare for her competitions against other boxers. Her last match consisted of her throwing five punches in a row and resulted in a knock out. Which of the following muscles were used to perform a punch if we are discussing movement at the level of the SHOULDER joint?

pectoralis minor

which muscle has more muscle fibers than parallel muscle, which results in more tension?

pennate

belly

portion of muscle between tendons

serrates anterior

protracts scapula

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Bipennate

rectus femoris

zygomaticus major

retracts and elevates corner of mouth laterally

rhomboids and levator scapulae

rhomboids - retract scapula levator scapulae - elevates scapula

parallel fascicle

run parallel to the long axis of the muscle (ex. biceps brachii)

Flexion at knee involves which muscles?

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, sartorius

Pennate

short fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon

Which muscle extends the torso?

spinalis

extensor/flexor retinaculum of the hand

tendon sheaths and ligaments at the wrist

The largest muscle of the upper back is the:

trapezius

Amanda has dimples. Dimples are an inheritable trait caused by a shortened muscle which leads to a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms in the cheeks when one smiles. Which muscle causes this effect?

zygomaticus major

which two muscles elevate the upper lip?

zygomaticus minor & levator labii superioris