Anatomy - Ch 11 (Muscular System)
biceps brachii
flexes forearm and arm long head helps hold humeral head in glenoid fossa
mechanical advantage
load is close to fulcrum and effort is far from fulcrum
mechanical disadvantage
load is farther from fulcrum and effort is closer to fulcrum
teres major
medially rotates arm
Synergist
muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent unwanted movements
parallel muscle with tendinous bands
(ex. rectus abdominis)
wrapping muscle
(ex. supinator)
Diaphragm
- a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thoracic from the abdomen - contracting = Volume goes up= inspiration = elevate ribs - relaxing = volume goes down= expiration = depress ribs
flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexes and adducts wrist extends and adducts wrist
stylohyoid
elevates hyoid bone and larynx
extensor carpi radialis longus
extends and abducts wrist
latissimus dorsi
extends and adducts arm
Coracobrachialis
flexes and adducts arm
temporepariecalis
moves ears & tenses scalp
Which of these muscles is an extensor of the neck?
splenius capitis
load or resistance
-opposes movement -the weight that is moved or some resistance an object to being moved
Buccinator
2 feeding functions: - helps push food around in cheeks - helps with breastfeeding suction
Which of the following abducts the arm?
Deltoid
What Bone FEATURE does Gluteus Maximus insert on?
Gluteal Tuberosity
(ILS) - intermediate layer
I- Iliocostalis - lateral L- longissimus S - spinalis - medial
What muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris group?
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius
Which of the following retracts the scapula?
Rhomboid minor
epicranial aponeurosis
Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles
Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)
Tenses and retracts scalp
deltoid
abducts humerus
raphe
band of collagenous fibers
convergent
band-like structure that converge to a common point (ex. pectoralis major)
median nerve
carpal tunnel innverates digits I,2,3, and part of 4
The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a:
circular muscle
extensor digiti minimi
extends digit V (pinky)
extensor pollicis longus/brevis
extends digits of the pollex
triceps brachii
extends forearm and adducts arm
Extensor Indicis
extends index finger digit II
Which action is performed by most of the muscles located on the posterior compartment of the forearm?
extension
Unipennate
extensor digitorum longus
rotation of torso involves
external oblique, internal oblique, iliocosalis, longissimus
Cranial Nerve VII
facial nerve
A muscle that flexes the knee would originate on the:
femur or coxal bone
flexor digitorum superficialis extensor digitorum
flexes digits II-V, not I extends digits II-V, not I
flexor digitorum profundus
flexes distal phalanges 2-5
Rotor cuff muscles
hold humeral head in glenoid fossa (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)
Lever system components
lever, effort, load
second class lever system
load between fulcrum and effort mechanical advantage (ex. standing on tip toes)
prime mover (agonist)
muscle that produces most of force during a joint action (ex. biceps brachii flexes)
Insertion
muscle-tendon attachment to movable bone
origin
muscle-tendon attachment to stationary bone
pronator teres
pronates forearm
superior oblique
rotates eye downward and laterally
splenius capitis - superficial layer
rotates head, bends head to one side, or extends neck
inferior oblique
rotates the eye upward and laterally
teres major means
round big
effort
the force exerted by a muscular contraction
abductor pollicis longus
abducts thumb (pollex)
pectorals major
adducts arms, medially rotates arm
third class lever system
MOST COMMON the effort is located in between the fulcrum and the resistance mechanical disadvantage (ex. flex the lower arm)
Platysma
depresses mandible and grimace
lever
a simple machine that consists of a bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum
Sternohyoid
depresses hyoid bone and larynx
Brachioradialis
flexes elbow
Brachialis
flexes forearm
Orbicularis oculi
closes eye
Orbicularis oris
closes lips
transverse abdominis
compression of the abdomen
oblique muscles
compression of the abdomen and rotates spine
Multipennate
deltoid
internal intercostals
depress ribs during expiration
depressor anguli oris
depresses corner of mouth laterally
omohyoid
depresses hyoid bone and larynx 2 bellies = same function
pectorals minor
depresses/protracts the scapula
mylohyoid
elevates hyoid bone depress mandible elevate floor of mouth
digastric
elevates larynx depresses mandible open mouth 2 bellies = same function
masseter
elevates mandible closes jaw open jaw assist in protection/retraction of mandible mandible move side to side
Temporalis
elevates mandible closes jaw (medial) open jaw (lateral) assist in ONLY retraction of mandible mandible move side to side
lateral/medial pterygoid
elevates mandible closes jaw (medial) open jaw (lateral) assist in protection/retraction of mandible mandible move side to side
Scalenes
elevates ribs 1 and 2, flexes the neck
external intercostals
elevates ribs during inspiration
Trapezius
elevates scapula and clavicle, retracts scapula
levator labii superioris
elevates upper lip
zygomaticus minor
elevates upper lip
Fixator
muscle that prevents movement of bone and works together with the agonist & antagonist
Sartoruis
originates from tailors crossing their legs
The gastrocnemius acts to do the following:
plantar flex the ankle and flex the knee
Supinator
supinates forearm
Sternocleidomastoid
flexes neck and bend neck toward shoulder laterally
Palmaris Longus
flexes wrist
Fusiform
tapering at both ends; spindle-shaped (ex. digastric)
flexor carpi radialis extensor carpi radialis brevis
flexes wrist and abducts hand extends wrist and abducts hand
Which action is performed by most of the muscles located on the anterior compartment of the forearm?
flexion
Adduction at the wrist involves contraction of the
flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris
First class lever system
fulcrum between load and effort both mechanic advantage & disadvantage (ex. tilt the head forward/backward)
Antagonist
opposite of agonist (ex. triceps brachii extends)
circular
or sphincter muscle that inclose an opening (ex. orbicularis oculi and oris)
Pulley
patella & lateral maleolus
Eva Marie is a boxer! She goes and trains at her gym to properly prepare for her competitions against other boxers. Her last match consisted of her throwing five punches in a row and resulted in a knock out. Which of the following muscles were used to perform a punch if we are discussing movement at the level of the SHOULDER joint?
pectoralis minor
which muscle has more muscle fibers than parallel muscle, which results in more tension?
pennate
belly
portion of muscle between tendons
serrates anterior
protracts scapula
Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Bipennate
rectus femoris
zygomaticus major
retracts and elevates corner of mouth laterally
rhomboids and levator scapulae
rhomboids - retract scapula levator scapulae - elevates scapula
parallel fascicle
run parallel to the long axis of the muscle (ex. biceps brachii)
Flexion at knee involves which muscles?
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, sartorius
Pennate
short fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon
Which muscle extends the torso?
spinalis
extensor/flexor retinaculum of the hand
tendon sheaths and ligaments at the wrist
The largest muscle of the upper back is the:
trapezius
Amanda has dimples. Dimples are an inheritable trait caused by a shortened muscle which leads to a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms in the cheeks when one smiles. Which muscle causes this effect?
zygomaticus major
which two muscles elevate the upper lip?
zygomaticus minor & levator labii superioris