anatomy ch8

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the olecranon articulates with the olecranon fossa when the elbow is ____________ and the coronoid process articulates with the coronoid fossa when the elbow is ___________

1. extended 2. flexed

breakdown of free upper limb

1 humerus 1 ulna 1 radius 8 carpals 19 metacarpals (5) and phalanges (14)

elevation and depression

up and down shrugging

convex clavicle

visible part that sticks out medial half

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle does NOT mean it is smooth

metacarpals (5 bones) are numbered

I - V (roman numerals!!) from lateral (thumb) to medial (pinky)

pubic symphysis

joint where left and right pelvic girdle meet

your friend falls and lands with all his weight on the medial aspect of his foot just distal to the heel bone and proximal to metatarsals. which tarsal is most likely broken

navicular

what will the head of the humerus articulate w

scapula

humerus

largest bone of upper limb rounded proximal end distal end w projections

when the elbow is extended, the radial head articulates with the ________

capitulum of the humerus

the ________ joint in the upper limb is more mobile than the ___________ joint in the lower limb

shoulder hip

the ulnar head articulates with the

ulnar notch of the radius

fibula (leg)

found laterally

what bone(s) can be located in the arm

humerus

scapula

shoulder blade triangular shape w a process/ridge that runs posterior; flat bone

femur (thigh bone)

strongest bone in body

List the 7 tarsals

TESSIE CAN CLEAN NO MORE IN LIFE -- talus -bone that articulates w tibia calcaneus -heel bone ; bone we step on cuboid -lateral navicular -medial medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform

hand consists of what

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

pelvis contains

hip bone (appendicular) and sacrum (axial)

pelvic girdle and thigh are connected by the

hip joint

primary function of appendicular skeleton

movement

t or f : the humerus is the only bone of the arm

true

t or f: epicondyles have no articulations

true

t or f: the big toe does not have a middle phalanx

true

when the elbow is extended, the coronoid process articulates with the ________

NOTHING

when the elbow is flexed, the olecranon articulates with ____

NOTHING

clavicle

collar bone long s shaped bone; lines horizontally across ant part of thorax (superior to first rib)

free lower limb consists of

femur patella tibia fibula foot and ankle bones arches of foot

free lower limb is made up of

femur, tibia, tarsals, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges

protraction and retraction

forward and backward movement punching

a person falls on the lateral side of his thigh. which bone feature(s) are most likely to have been fractured?

greater trochanter of femur

11 bone features of femur

head -articulates w acetabulum of pelvic girdle ; ALWAYS medial neck greater trochanter -found more laterally lesser trochanter -found more medially linea aspera (shaft) -area of muscle attachment gluteal tuberosity -rough surface where gluteal muscles = inserted medial condyle -smooth articulating surfaces that articulates w the proximal end of tibia lateral condyle -smooth articulating surfaces that articulates w the proximal end of tibia medial epicondyle -rough surface on top of condyle lateral epicondyle -rough surface on top of condyle patellar surface -area that articulates w the patella ; located anteriorly

the patella protects what

knee joint

thigh and leg are connected by the

knee joint

label humerus

label it

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

arches of the foot

provide spring and leverage to foot when walking arches flex when body weight = applied and act like a spring to absorb shock

forearm is composed of

radius and ulna

which bone does not have a head

tibia

the elbow joint is formed by ______ (# of bones) vs the knee that is formed by ______ (# of bones)

elbow = 3 knee = 2

3 different movements of pectoral girdle

elevation and depression protraction and retraction lateral/medial rotation

16 bone features of humerus

head greater tubercle lesser tubercle intertubercular groove surgical neck anatomical neck olecranon notch medial condyle lateral condyle medial epicondyle lateral epicondyle trochlea coronoid fossa capitulate radial fossa shaft/body

in both the upper and lower limb, there is a joint between the two bones of the forearm and leg formed by a sheet of fibrous connective tissue. what is this tissue called?

interosseous membrane

the lateral femoral condyle articulates with which bone feature

lateral tibial condyle

what bones fuse to form the os coxa

pubis, ilium, ischium

what structure is the patella encased in and formed inside of

quadriceps femoris tendon

regions articulate w each other in 3 joints

shoulder elbow (humerus) wrist (radius and ulna = bones of forearm)

3 bone features of clavicle

sternal end -articulates w sternum (flat) acromial end -articulates w acromion of scapula (rounded) coronoid tubercle -bump near acromial end; runs on posterior and lateral part of clavicle

which bone feature will the medial condyle of the femur articulate with

medial condyle of the tibia

the ligament on the plantar portion that puts an extra spring in your step connects what two tarsal bones together

calcaneus and navicular

when the elbow is flexed, the radial head articulates with ____

capitulum AND radial fossa of humerus

6 bone features of ulna

head trochlear notch coronoid process radial notch olecranon styloid process

the radial head articulates with the

radial notch of the ulna

what is the calcaneonavicular ligament made up from

fibrous connective tissue -- calcaneuos and navicular

ulna

medial bone of the forearm ONLY bone whose head = distal

The ankle bones are called the ________ bones:

tarsal

this rough spot on the lateral side of the humerus is a muscle attachment for a major muscle in the shoulder

deltoid tuberosity

there are ________ carpals and ________ tarsals in one side of the body

carpals = 8 tarsals = 7

when the elbow is flexed, the coronoid process articulates with ____

coronoid fossa of the humerus

Metatarsals

foot bones numbered I - V (roman numerals!!) (big toe to pinky)

the joint where the axial and appendicular skeletons meet in the lower limb and serves to transmit the weight of the torso onto the pelvis and lower limb is what

sacroiliac joint

which carpal bones articulate with the forearm

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

the pectoral girdle (breast/chest) is formed by

scapula and clavicle

2 main arches in foot

transverse (runs horizontally) longitudinal (runs vertically) -medial and lateral

patella (knee)

triangular shaped bone sesamoid bone develops w tendon of quadriceps fumoirs muscle

the humeral trochlear articulates with the ________ of the ___________ bone

trochlear notch of the ulna

when the elbow is extended, the trochlea articulates with the ________

trochlear notch of the ulna

when the elbow is flexed, the trochlea articulates with ____

trochlear notch of the ulna

t or f: we have 14 phalanges on each foot

true

the ulnar notch is on the (distal/proximal) portion of the _________ bone and articulates with what bone feature

distal radius ulnar head

what bone feature and bone articulates with the humeral head

glenoid fossa of scapula

we have 14 _________ per hand

phalanges

phalanges are called ________ when singular

phalanx

free upper limb has ____ bones

30

tibia (leg)

located medially

the radial head articulates with this depression on the humerus

radial fossa

breakdown of lower limb bones

1 femur (thigh) 1 tibia (leg) 1 fibula (leg) 7 tarsals (ankles) 19 metatarsals (5) and phalanges (14)

pelvic girdle is how many bones

1!! ox coxa

how many phalanges are there total in one hand

14

t or f: the big toe is also known as the pollex

FALSE hallux

t or f: the arm is composed of the humerus and ulna

FALSE only the humerus

t or f: all fingers have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

FALSE the thumb only has proximal and distal

lateral/medial rotation

Movement of a bone turning on its longitudinal axis rotation of trunk, thigh, head or arm lateral = moves to the side medial = comes back to origin

name the carpals

SOME LOVERS TRY POSITIONS THAT THEY CANNOT HANDLE ----- sphenoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

sacroiliac joint

The connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column appendicular and axial skel articulate here

the femoral head articulates with which bone feature

acetabulum

leg and foot are connected by the

ankle joint

this bone feature on the tibia is a sharp ridge that's responsible for causing pain when shin is hit

anterior tibial margin

which bone feature on the tibia is a sharp ridge that is responsible for causing pain when the leg is hit

anterior tibial margin

2 bone features of fibula

head -articulates w tibia lateral malleolus -anchors to the ankle but does NOT articulate w the talus -prevents ankle from moving sideways

5 bone features of radius

head radial tuberosity styloid process ulnar notch neck

5 bone features of ilium

iliac crest -site of muscle attachment ; superior border of pelvic girdle top of acetabulum greater sciatic notch -opening where part of sciatic nerve passes thru iliac tuberosity -area of articulation w sacrum iliac fossa -big depression of anterior part of the ilium ; area where iliacus muscle = inserted

What 3 bones make up the pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

5 bone features of ischium (bone we sit on)

ischial tuberosity lesser sciatic notch ischial spine posterior inferior part of acetabulum obturator foramen -BIGGEST hole in body ; allows blood vessels and obturator nerve to pass thru - hole = shut by fibrous membrane aka obturator foramen -shared feature w pubis

the patella increases what

leverage of the tendon of quadriceps fumoirs muscle to maintain the position of the tendon when knee = bent

the appendicular skeleton includes both the upper and ____ limbs

lower

arches of foot - calcaneonavicular ligament

made up of fibrous connective tissue from calcaneus to navicular - helps maintain medial longitudinal arch to provide support to the talus

6 bone features of tibia

medial condyle -articulate medial and lateral condyles of the femur respectively lateral condyle -articulate medial and lateral condyles of the femur respectively tibial tuberosity -area where patellar ligament = inserted anterior tibial margin/crest -line medial malleolus -articulates w the talus of the ankle -prevents tibia from moving sideways fibular notch -area where tibia articulates w fibula

this bone feature is located on the distal portion of the tibia and articulates with the talus to form part of the ankle joint

medial malleolus

cartilage present in pubic symphysis allows for what

movement of pelvic girdles to allocate space during labor for fetus to go thru

3 bone features of pubis

obturator foramen anterior posterior part of acetabulum pubic symphyses -united left and right girdles

when the elbow is extended, the olecranon articulates with the ________

olecranon fossa of the humerus

what bone forms the pelvic girdle

os coxa

another name for pelvic girdle

os coxa / coxal bone

concave clavicle

part that sticks in lateral half

the patella articulates w which femoral bone feature

patellar surface

the pectoral girdle is formed by ______ (# of bones) vs pelvic girdle that is formed by ______ (# of bones)

pectoral = 2 pelvic = 1

regions of the lower limb

pelvic girdle, thigh, leg, foot

another name for thumb

pollex think of poking

7 bone features of scapula

spine -process/ridge that runs posteriorly and ends on rounded projection (aka acromion) acromion -rounded projection at end of spine that articulates w the acromial end of clavicle supraspinous fossa -depression found above spine infraspinous fossa -depression found below spine coracoid process glenoid cavity/fossa -articulates w head of humerus subscapular fossa -located superiorly

the most medial portion of the clavicle is

sternal end

where does the appendicular skeleton articulate with the axial skeleton

sternoclavicular joint

all the bone features of the scapular are located posteriorly EXCEPT

subscapular fossa


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