anatomy ch8
the olecranon articulates with the olecranon fossa when the elbow is ____________ and the coronoid process articulates with the coronoid fossa when the elbow is ___________
1. extended 2. flexed
breakdown of free upper limb
1 humerus 1 ulna 1 radius 8 carpals 19 metacarpals (5) and phalanges (14)
elevation and depression
up and down shrugging
convex clavicle
visible part that sticks out medial half
Epicondyle
Raised area on or above a condyle does NOT mean it is smooth
metacarpals (5 bones) are numbered
I - V (roman numerals!!) from lateral (thumb) to medial (pinky)
pubic symphysis
joint where left and right pelvic girdle meet
your friend falls and lands with all his weight on the medial aspect of his foot just distal to the heel bone and proximal to metatarsals. which tarsal is most likely broken
navicular
what will the head of the humerus articulate w
scapula
humerus
largest bone of upper limb rounded proximal end distal end w projections
when the elbow is extended, the radial head articulates with the ________
capitulum of the humerus
the ________ joint in the upper limb is more mobile than the ___________ joint in the lower limb
shoulder hip
the ulnar head articulates with the
ulnar notch of the radius
fibula (leg)
found laterally
what bone(s) can be located in the arm
humerus
scapula
shoulder blade triangular shape w a process/ridge that runs posterior; flat bone
femur (thigh bone)
strongest bone in body
List the 7 tarsals
TESSIE CAN CLEAN NO MORE IN LIFE -- talus -bone that articulates w tibia calcaneus -heel bone ; bone we step on cuboid -lateral navicular -medial medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform
hand consists of what
carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
pelvis contains
hip bone (appendicular) and sacrum (axial)
pelvic girdle and thigh are connected by the
hip joint
primary function of appendicular skeleton
movement
t or f : the humerus is the only bone of the arm
true
t or f: epicondyles have no articulations
true
t or f: the big toe does not have a middle phalanx
true
when the elbow is extended, the coronoid process articulates with the ________
NOTHING
when the elbow is flexed, the olecranon articulates with ____
NOTHING
clavicle
collar bone long s shaped bone; lines horizontally across ant part of thorax (superior to first rib)
free lower limb consists of
femur patella tibia fibula foot and ankle bones arches of foot
free lower limb is made up of
femur, tibia, tarsals, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges
protraction and retraction
forward and backward movement punching
a person falls on the lateral side of his thigh. which bone feature(s) are most likely to have been fractured?
greater trochanter of femur
11 bone features of femur
head -articulates w acetabulum of pelvic girdle ; ALWAYS medial neck greater trochanter -found more laterally lesser trochanter -found more medially linea aspera (shaft) -area of muscle attachment gluteal tuberosity -rough surface where gluteal muscles = inserted medial condyle -smooth articulating surfaces that articulates w the proximal end of tibia lateral condyle -smooth articulating surfaces that articulates w the proximal end of tibia medial epicondyle -rough surface on top of condyle lateral epicondyle -rough surface on top of condyle patellar surface -area that articulates w the patella ; located anteriorly
the patella protects what
knee joint
thigh and leg are connected by the
knee joint
label humerus
label it
radius
lateral bone of the forearm
arches of the foot
provide spring and leverage to foot when walking arches flex when body weight = applied and act like a spring to absorb shock
forearm is composed of
radius and ulna
which bone does not have a head
tibia
the elbow joint is formed by ______ (# of bones) vs the knee that is formed by ______ (# of bones)
elbow = 3 knee = 2
3 different movements of pectoral girdle
elevation and depression protraction and retraction lateral/medial rotation
16 bone features of humerus
head greater tubercle lesser tubercle intertubercular groove surgical neck anatomical neck olecranon notch medial condyle lateral condyle medial epicondyle lateral epicondyle trochlea coronoid fossa capitulate radial fossa shaft/body
in both the upper and lower limb, there is a joint between the two bones of the forearm and leg formed by a sheet of fibrous connective tissue. what is this tissue called?
interosseous membrane
the lateral femoral condyle articulates with which bone feature
lateral tibial condyle
what bones fuse to form the os coxa
pubis, ilium, ischium
what structure is the patella encased in and formed inside of
quadriceps femoris tendon
regions articulate w each other in 3 joints
shoulder elbow (humerus) wrist (radius and ulna = bones of forearm)
3 bone features of clavicle
sternal end -articulates w sternum (flat) acromial end -articulates w acromion of scapula (rounded) coronoid tubercle -bump near acromial end; runs on posterior and lateral part of clavicle
which bone feature will the medial condyle of the femur articulate with
medial condyle of the tibia
the ligament on the plantar portion that puts an extra spring in your step connects what two tarsal bones together
calcaneus and navicular
when the elbow is flexed, the radial head articulates with ____
capitulum AND radial fossa of humerus
6 bone features of ulna
head trochlear notch coronoid process radial notch olecranon styloid process
the radial head articulates with the
radial notch of the ulna
what is the calcaneonavicular ligament made up from
fibrous connective tissue -- calcaneuos and navicular
ulna
medial bone of the forearm ONLY bone whose head = distal
The ankle bones are called the ________ bones:
tarsal
this rough spot on the lateral side of the humerus is a muscle attachment for a major muscle in the shoulder
deltoid tuberosity
there are ________ carpals and ________ tarsals in one side of the body
carpals = 8 tarsals = 7
when the elbow is flexed, the coronoid process articulates with ____
coronoid fossa of the humerus
Metatarsals
foot bones numbered I - V (roman numerals!!) (big toe to pinky)
the joint where the axial and appendicular skeletons meet in the lower limb and serves to transmit the weight of the torso onto the pelvis and lower limb is what
sacroiliac joint
which carpal bones articulate with the forearm
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
the pectoral girdle (breast/chest) is formed by
scapula and clavicle
2 main arches in foot
transverse (runs horizontally) longitudinal (runs vertically) -medial and lateral
patella (knee)
triangular shaped bone sesamoid bone develops w tendon of quadriceps fumoirs muscle
the humeral trochlear articulates with the ________ of the ___________ bone
trochlear notch of the ulna
when the elbow is extended, the trochlea articulates with the ________
trochlear notch of the ulna
when the elbow is flexed, the trochlea articulates with ____
trochlear notch of the ulna
t or f: we have 14 phalanges on each foot
true
the ulnar notch is on the (distal/proximal) portion of the _________ bone and articulates with what bone feature
distal radius ulnar head
what bone feature and bone articulates with the humeral head
glenoid fossa of scapula
we have 14 _________ per hand
phalanges
phalanges are called ________ when singular
phalanx
free upper limb has ____ bones
30
tibia (leg)
located medially
the radial head articulates with this depression on the humerus
radial fossa
breakdown of lower limb bones
1 femur (thigh) 1 tibia (leg) 1 fibula (leg) 7 tarsals (ankles) 19 metatarsals (5) and phalanges (14)
pelvic girdle is how many bones
1!! ox coxa
how many phalanges are there total in one hand
14
t or f: the big toe is also known as the pollex
FALSE hallux
t or f: the arm is composed of the humerus and ulna
FALSE only the humerus
t or f: all fingers have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
FALSE the thumb only has proximal and distal
lateral/medial rotation
Movement of a bone turning on its longitudinal axis rotation of trunk, thigh, head or arm lateral = moves to the side medial = comes back to origin
name the carpals
SOME LOVERS TRY POSITIONS THAT THEY CANNOT HANDLE ----- sphenoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
sacroiliac joint
The connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column appendicular and axial skel articulate here
the femoral head articulates with which bone feature
acetabulum
leg and foot are connected by the
ankle joint
this bone feature on the tibia is a sharp ridge that's responsible for causing pain when shin is hit
anterior tibial margin
which bone feature on the tibia is a sharp ridge that is responsible for causing pain when the leg is hit
anterior tibial margin
2 bone features of fibula
head -articulates w tibia lateral malleolus -anchors to the ankle but does NOT articulate w the talus -prevents ankle from moving sideways
5 bone features of radius
head radial tuberosity styloid process ulnar notch neck
5 bone features of ilium
iliac crest -site of muscle attachment ; superior border of pelvic girdle top of acetabulum greater sciatic notch -opening where part of sciatic nerve passes thru iliac tuberosity -area of articulation w sacrum iliac fossa -big depression of anterior part of the ilium ; area where iliacus muscle = inserted
What 3 bones make up the pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, pubis
5 bone features of ischium (bone we sit on)
ischial tuberosity lesser sciatic notch ischial spine posterior inferior part of acetabulum obturator foramen -BIGGEST hole in body ; allows blood vessels and obturator nerve to pass thru - hole = shut by fibrous membrane aka obturator foramen -shared feature w pubis
the patella increases what
leverage of the tendon of quadriceps fumoirs muscle to maintain the position of the tendon when knee = bent
the appendicular skeleton includes both the upper and ____ limbs
lower
arches of foot - calcaneonavicular ligament
made up of fibrous connective tissue from calcaneus to navicular - helps maintain medial longitudinal arch to provide support to the talus
6 bone features of tibia
medial condyle -articulate medial and lateral condyles of the femur respectively lateral condyle -articulate medial and lateral condyles of the femur respectively tibial tuberosity -area where patellar ligament = inserted anterior tibial margin/crest -line medial malleolus -articulates w the talus of the ankle -prevents tibia from moving sideways fibular notch -area where tibia articulates w fibula
this bone feature is located on the distal portion of the tibia and articulates with the talus to form part of the ankle joint
medial malleolus
cartilage present in pubic symphysis allows for what
movement of pelvic girdles to allocate space during labor for fetus to go thru
3 bone features of pubis
obturator foramen anterior posterior part of acetabulum pubic symphyses -united left and right girdles
when the elbow is extended, the olecranon articulates with the ________
olecranon fossa of the humerus
what bone forms the pelvic girdle
os coxa
another name for pelvic girdle
os coxa / coxal bone
concave clavicle
part that sticks in lateral half
the patella articulates w which femoral bone feature
patellar surface
the pectoral girdle is formed by ______ (# of bones) vs pelvic girdle that is formed by ______ (# of bones)
pectoral = 2 pelvic = 1
regions of the lower limb
pelvic girdle, thigh, leg, foot
another name for thumb
pollex think of poking
7 bone features of scapula
spine -process/ridge that runs posteriorly and ends on rounded projection (aka acromion) acromion -rounded projection at end of spine that articulates w the acromial end of clavicle supraspinous fossa -depression found above spine infraspinous fossa -depression found below spine coracoid process glenoid cavity/fossa -articulates w head of humerus subscapular fossa -located superiorly
the most medial portion of the clavicle is
sternal end
where does the appendicular skeleton articulate with the axial skeleton
sternoclavicular joint
all the bone features of the scapular are located posteriorly EXCEPT
subscapular fossa