anatomy chapter 4 study guide

platelets in the blood are important for

blood clotting

osteocytes are cells of ____ and are found in a matrix made primarily of ____

bone/calcium salts

the heart is made of ____ muscle, which _____

cardiac/ pumps blood

the tissue that keeps the trachea an open airway is

cartilage

the tissue that provides a smooth surface in joints is

cartilage

chondrocytes are cells of ___ and are found in a matrix that has no ____

cartilage/capillaries

the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and is essential for the life of the neuron is the

cell body

at synapses, nerve impulse transmission is accomplished by

chemical neurotransmitters

the visceral pleura is found

covering the lungs

the neurotransmitters of a neuron enable a nerve impulse to

cross a synapse

the part of a neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body is the

dendrite

the connective tissue that is important for normal exhalation is

elastic connective tissue

hormones are produced by glands called

endocrine glands

salivary glands secrete saliva into ducts; therefore, they are called ____ glands

exocrine

the connective tissue membrane that covers a muscle is the

fascia

the connective tissue that forms tendons

fibrous connective tissue

the location of cardiac muscle is the

heart

brown fat is primarily a

heat-generating tissue

endocrine glands secrete their ___ directly into the ____

hormones/blood

the purpose of the microvilli in the small intestine is to

increase the surface area for absorption

with a deficiency of white blood cells, the body will soon suffer from

infections

the peritoneum is found

lining the abdominal cavity

the meninges are connective tissue membranes found

lining the skull and backbone

the parietal pleura is found

lining the thoracic cavity

the surface are of the small intestine is increased for efficient absorption by the presence of

microvilli on the columnar epithelium

the fluid that traps pathogens in the respiratory tract is

mucous

the function of Schwann cells is to form the _____ of peripheral neurons

myelin sheath

endocrine glands have ____ and secrete ____

no ducts, hormones

the function of red blood cells is to transport ____ bonded to the protein _____

oxygen/hemoglobin

the connective tissue membrane that covers a bone is the

periosteum

the function of smooth muscle in the small intestine is

peristalsis

the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is the

peritoneum

the fluid that transports nutrients in the blood is

plasma

the cells that are important for blood clotting are

platelets

the function of serous fluid in all of its locations is to

prevent friction

the function of synovial fluid is to

prevent friction in joints

red blood cells are produced in

red bone marrow

the purpose of nerve impulses to cardiac muscle is to

regulate only the rate of contraction

the salivary glands are made of cuboidal epithelium. the function of which is to

secrete

the fluid that prevents friction as the heart beats is

serous fluid

the tissue that is thin enough to permit diffusion of gasses in the lungs is

simple squamous epithelium

the type of muscle that is also called voluntary is

skeletal muscle

nerve tissue is the major tissue in each of these organs except the

skin

the type of muscle that is also called visceral is

smooth

which type of muscle tissue constricts or dilates the pupil

smooth muscle

the tissue that lines the mouth and esophagus, which undergoes mitosis to replace cells lost from the surface, is:

stratified squamous epithelium

which type of muscle tissue produces a significant amount of body heat

striated muscle

fibrous connective tissue forms ligaments because it is

strong

tendons are made of fibrous connective tissue because this tissue is

strong

the space between two neurons is called

synapse

the fluid that prevents friction in joints is

synovial fluid

the connective tissue membranes that line joint cavities are called

synovial membranes

the connective tissue membranes that cover the spinal cord are called

the meninges

simple squamous epithelium makes up the alveoli of the lungs because it is

thin

the function of white blood cells is

to destroy pathogens and provide immunity

the function of red bone marrow is

to produce blood cells

the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart is called the

visceral pericardium

the serous membrane that covers the lungs is the

visceral pleura

the part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body is the

axon

the cells that carry oxygen in the blood are

RBCs

the myelin sheath of peripheral neurons is formed by ____ to provide ____ for neurons

Schwann cells/electrical insulation

the connective tissue that contains WBC's and is found between the skin and muscles is

areolar connective tissue

each of these organs is lined with mucous membranes, except the

arteries

the cells that destroy pathogens that have entered the body are the

WBC's

the periosteum is a connective tissue membrane that covers

a bone

with a deficiency of red blood cells, the body will soon suffer from

a lack of oxygen

a body system or tract that has an opening to the environment is always lined with

a mucous membrane

a fascia is a connective tissue membrane that covers

a muscle

the connective tissue that stores potential energy is

adipose tissue