Rock Final Exam
The Police
-"De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da" -"Driven to Tears" -"Don't Stand So Close To Me" *All on Kenyatta Mendatta (1980) -"Don't Stand So Close to Me" has a reggae influence *The story is about improper relations between a teacher and a student *Lolita literary reference -Album: synchronicity (1983) = most popular *Had "Synchronicity II" and "King of Pain" *Also had the single "Every Breath You Take" which was all over the radio and MTV because it sounds like a girl group songs with the chord progressions but it has creepy lyrics about stalking
Marc Bolan and T. Rex
-"Hot Love" Top of the Pops (1971) *12-bar blues *Lyrics are blues in form *Presentation and style are what makes him glam.
Early Bee Gees
-"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart?" (1971) *Not disco -Used disco to bolster their career
Madonna (1983)- Selt-titled Album
-"Lucky Star," "Borderline," and "Holiday" got some radio time but made it big in clubs because it was dance music -Disco was still considered dirty so her follow up album Like A Virgin (1984) with "Material Girl," and "Like A Virgin" made her big with Nile Rodgers as the producer. *Madonna had Chic back her for Like A Virgin -She was the artist who understood how to use MTV -Her performance on the 1984 music awards introduced her to a wide audience *acted like the queen of pop right from the start
The Pixies
-"Tame" (1989) -1992 grunge goes mainstream
Alice In Chains
-Dirt (1992) *Had on it "Dam that River"
Chic
-Nile Rodgers *Guitarist, founder, important disco producer -"Good Times" (1979) *Rhythmic guitar *Funk influence *Falsetto voice *Bass heavy *Four on the floor beat
Donna Summer's "Bad Girls" (1979)
- Part of a concept album -Verses about prostitution, storyline/narrative, suggests being pimped out by disco industry
The New York Dolls
-"Personality Crisis" (1973) *Strong early rock/ blues form *Emphasis on distorted guitar *Over flamboyant vocal performance *Dressed as girls (@littlerichard) *Confrontational attitude -Part of Glam Rock
Talking Heads
-"Psycho Killer" Live @ CBGBs *Sometime in 1977 *So anti-rock in terms of their stage presence (don't look like rock stars/ seem uncomfortable in front of people) *Used ideas drawn from literature -Idea that anybody could do it is very appealing.
Bikini Kill
-"Rebel Girl" (1993) was an anthem for the Rebel Girl movement *It addresses issues of sexuality and feminism - It was third wave feminism, meaning they sought empowerment through sexuality
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
-"The Message" (1982) *Actually has a message about being repressed socioeconomically and what that means in terms of the lack of opportunities available *Like funk
Post-Punk in the US
-DC Hardcore scene had common stylistic features across the bands unlike early punk 1- Minor Threat, "Straight Edge" (1981) 2- Bad Brains, "Don't Need It" (1981) -Defining musical elements are super fast playing, untrained delivery without a melody (rather a set of lyrics which are screamed), short length of songs, amateur recording sound, and lyrics that were antigovernment and about drugs, sex, etc.
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
-Damn the Toreros (1979) *Folk-rock -Full Moon Fevee (1989) *Established him in this mainstream rock aesthetic with "Free Fallin'," "Runnin' Down a Dream" and "I Won't Back Down"
Oasis
-Debut: Definitely Maybe (1994) -Hit album was (What's the Story) Morning Glory? *Had on it "Roll With It," "Some Might Say," "Morning Glory," and "Wonderwall" -It has a classic rock sound -Also reminiscent of mid 60s Beatles bridging the rock ensemble with strings
Glam Metal
-Dokken, Ratt, and Cinderella -The big one was Poison's "Talk Dirty to me" *Music was accessible, but with hard rock sounds *Trained vocal delivery and glam look appealed more to people than dark, scary metal *Even the recordings were better *The music also wasn't as difficult to play because of the decreased emphasis on musical virtuosity
PJ Harvey
-Dry (1992) -Rid of Me (1993) *Had "Dry" - Used distortion and was riff based - The musical style was grunge/ hard rock and male dominated - She put her lyrics/ voice in (in an inverted way) - She was "taking sexual swagger and inverting it"
Riot Girl Movement and Manifesto
-Essentially said they were mad at society because society says that girls are dumb, bad, weak, etc.
Characteristics
-Falsetto voice -High hat on off beat -Four on the floor beat
Merge Records
-Formed in Chapel Hill -Most important for up and coming bands including The Arcade Fine, Spoon, Neutral Mills Hotel, and She & Him.
Sugar Hill Records
-Founded in 1979 -Hip Hop was seen as fleeting because it was party music, but Sugar Hill Records saw that there was an audience -Released "Rapper's Delight" in 1979 *By the Sugar Hill Gang *Instrumental is from "Good Times" by Chic (1979) *Since beats were drawn from contemporary dance music, disco and rap were very similar *It was a 'look at me' song.
Blues Traveler- Headlined for Hoard Festie
-Four (1994) was the album with the most radio play and was their fourth album
Tori Amos
-From North Carolina -Classical Piano eduction -Covered "Smells Like Teenspirit" with creepy/soft vocals and no riff -Little Earthquakes (1992) *"Crucify" *"Winter" *"Silent all These Years" *"Me and a Gun" - It was an acapella story of sexual assault - You can't control what goes through your mind at those times
Paul Simon's Graceland (1986)
-Had "You Can Cal Me Al" and "Graceland" on it. -Last time we heard from him was with Simon and Garfunkel during the folk-rock movement -High pitched guitar and bass with African/ Jamaican rhythms in Graceland *This is a political statement by using nonwestern musicians especially during apartheid -Started interest in world music
Peter Gabriel from Genesis (Prog-rock)
-He left Genesis in the mid 70s and had a semi good early solo career -It was his 1986 release of So which remade him -His artistic side led him to use MTV music videos to make an artistic production *Sledgehammer (1986) as ahead of its time
Phish
-Hoist (1994) *Had "Down With Disease" and "Sample In A Jar" -Were not mainstream but had a very dedicated fan base -A picture of Nectar (1992) *Had "Stash" -Songs on their records were blueprints for what would happen live with improvisations -Musicianship and musical virtuosity were fundamental
Dischord Records
-Independent record label for DC Punk
Casablanca Records
-Influential for many important bands
The Ramones
-Johnny, Tommy, Joey, and Dee Dee -No nonsense attitude with their leather *Image reaches backwards to the Stones and eeeeearly Beatles -"Blitzkrieg Bop" (1976) *Vocals are different from contemporary rock because it's untrained-heard before in folk, but this is different *Have guitar, bass and drums - No flashy instrumentation - It seemed that almost anyone could play this music, which people liked since it was seen as a return to simplicity *The title is a reference back to the 60s dance craze with a 'twist' (lol) -"Sheena Is A Punk Rocker" (1977) *Rebelling against disco *Clap is reminiscent of girl groups and simplicity
U2's "Bad" at Live Aid in Wembley Stadium in London, England
-July 13, 1985 -Captured American audiences (through tv) -Launched their international stardom -Made everyone feel like they were part of the show -Commanded a large crowd -The Joshua Tree (1987) *Had "Where the Streets Have No Name" and "With or Without You" - Launched fame in the US - Got heavy rotation on MTV *"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" - This reminds us of gospel with "carry the cross" etc and the gospel sound
Glam Rock
-Label that has more to do with fashion and presentation than any strict set of musical characteristics *Clothing, behavior, and stage shows -Artists include: Mott The Hoopie, Gary Glitter, Alice Cooper & KISS. *Hard to draw musical connections between these bands
What Punk Shares
-Lack of polish because of recording techniques -Subjects of lyrics -Less attention on musical prowess
How did audiences hear/learn about Punk?
-Live performances in urban centers -Recorded with indie labels -Independent radio stations/ rise of college radio -TV -Magazines such as Rolling Stone, Creem (US), New Musical Express (UK) as well as many local and regional fanzines. **********THIS SOUNDS LIKE WE ARE DESCRIBING EARLY ROCK AND ROLL********** -Biggest takeaway is that punk is an attitude and attempt to fight against corporate machines, but NOT a musical style
The Rise of Alternative Rock
-Located in Seattle -Grunge -Bands like: Sound garden, Pearl Jam, and Nirvana
Off the Wall (1979)- Epic Records
-Michael Jackson -Had "Rock With You," "Off the Wall," "She's Out of My Life," and "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" *Soaring strings, drums, high falsetto are all characteristics of Disco that were present -He left Motown in the late 70s to sign with Epic Records -Follow up record to Off the Wall was Thriller (1982) and it was massive -Even those who didn't identify with pop, disco, dance, etc listened to it -On it there's "This Girl Is Mine," "Thriller," "Wanna Be Startin' Something,: and "Beat It" *"Beat It" had Eddie Van Halen to shred on the guitar and appeal to rock lovers *Main riff was not played by Van Hale, however. -He then began to take advantage of MTV -His producer is Quincy Jones
British Metal in the 80s
-Motorhead, Def Leppard, Saxon, and Judas Priest -Black Sabbath (post Ozzy) *Released Heaven and Hell -Ozzy stars his solo career *Begins with Blizzard of Ozz in 1980 - Has on it "I Don't Know," "Crazy Train," and "Mr. Crowley," -"Crazy Train" has a strong emphasis on riffs and electric guitar
The 1980s: The Return of Pop
-Music Television *MTV premiers August 1, 1981, with approximately 120 videos in rotation *They were on cable- which is important because only those in an urban center had cable (it was very expensive) *Earliest videos were promotional clips
Guns N' Roses
-Musically, they represented a harder approach than glam rockers despite their glam image -Appetite For Destruction (1987) was seen as returning metal to its roots *Had "Welcome to the Jungle," "My Michelle," and "Paradise City" -"Welcome to the Jungle" emphasizes the guitar solo, less clean vocal timbre, and danger. *However, they wanted to maintain the audience base they had developed - Hence the release of the power ballad (for the ladies) with "Sweet Child O' Mine" -Differed from other power ballads because of the crazy guitar.
Punk
-NYC -213 Park Avenue South between East 33 and 32nd Street *The lower east side (which today is boutiques, but then it was a place you didn't want to be) -315 Bowery (Bowery and Bleeker) *It was a venue called CBGB just like the venue on Park -These venues were the only places these bands could play
Ani Difranco
-Not from this movement, but had a folk background, which taught her to emphasize lyrics and the message -She set up her own label rather than relying on others *It was called the Righteous Babe Label -Released "Not a Pretty Girl" (1995) *Said she's not a dainty girl or damsel in distress and instead emphasized female independence
Bruce Springsteen's Born in the USA (1984)
-On it was "Dancing in the Dark," "Glory Days," "Cover Me," "I'm On Fire," and "Born in the USA" *Best selling record -Released as Reagan was campaigning for re-election, which he used in his speeches *Past the bright optimism and look at the lyrics- you realize it is extremely critical
Radiohead and the Promise of Prog-Pop
-Pablo Honey (1993) *Had "Creep" on it - Reminiscent of "Smells Like Teen Spirit" -Ok Computer (1997) *Performed "Paranoid Android" at the Glastonbury Festival (2003) *Used extended musical form associated with progressive rock
Blur
-Parklife (1994) -Breakthrough single: "Girls and Boys" -Disco/funk influence with the bass guitar and drums style *At the time of dance/ rave culture
Michael Jackson, "Billie Jean" May 16, 1983
-Performed on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, and Forever *Despite not being signed with Motown *Big mistake for Motown because his performance of "Billie Jean" stole the show as he introduced the moon walk and took the spotlight from Diana Ross. -"Billie Jean" is about disputing paternity -Emphasis is on the individual rather than the band
The Chapel Hill Scene
-Polvo *Released Today's Active Lifestyles (1993) *Had on it "Thermal Treasure" *Band comprised of all UNC students *Recorded with the label: Merge, which was local *It was kind of like progressive rock, but without logic
Prince, 1999
-Prince's "Little Red Corvette" 1999 *Prince's "1999" introduced him to fans through MTV in a way that Radio couldn't -"Purple Rain," "I Would Die 4 You," "Let's Go Crazy," and "When Doves Cry" were all on the album Purple Rain. -Prince plays his tracks as an accomplished guitarist like stevie Wonder and breaks over into rock radio with the emphasis on the band and guitar.
Nile Rodgers
-Producer *Diana Ross's "Upside Down" (1980) *Sister Sledge's "We Are family" (1979) *David Bowie's "Let's Dance" (1983) *Madonna's "Like A Virgin" (1984) -Nile Rodgers was the Phil Spector of the 1980s *Producers had more influence -Guitarist for Chic
The Metal Mainstream
-Quiet Riot *1st #1 record on Billboard for metal (ahead of Thriller, etc) *The song was "Metal Health" (1983) - They performed it at the US Festival - The song isn't dark but is supposed to pump you up - Reminiscent of glam rock in terms of image and the show
The Clash
-Released "I'm so Bored With the USA" and "White Riot" on their self titled album in 1977. *"White Riot" calls for people to become engaged at a time of white supremacy and national pride in Britain and urges everyone to fight back against the National Front. -"London Calling" was released in 1979 *British Punk gains mainstream acceptance because of "Train in Vain (Stand By Me)" which was also on the album London Calling. -"Train in Vain" has better production quality, sounds cleaner (with guitar, bass, and vocals) and has a strong disco beat in the bass and drums. *Album cover is basically the exact same cover as Elvis's 1st RCA album, which had a cleaner feel for a wider audience. -Combat Rock (1982) was their biggest selling album with "Should I Stay or Should I Go?" and "Rock the Casban"
R.E.M
-Released Document (1987) *It was their 5th album *Recorded with an indie label (IRS) since major labels didn't think they had large-scale appeal *Had on it "Finest Worksong," "It's The End of The World As We Know It," and "The One I Love" -The follow up record was Green (1988) *Now they were signed with Warner Bros. -It was in 1991 that they released Out of Time, their breakthrough record *Had "Radio Song," "Shiny Happy People," and "Losing My Religion" *Moved from college radio to Top 40 radio
Squirrel Nut Zippers
-Released Hot in 1996 *Recorded on Mammoth Records *Has the song "Hell" *Most closely related to old jazz of the 20s and 30s
Archers of Loaf
-Released Icky Mettle in 1994 *Recorded on the indie label: Alias *Song "Web In Front" - More accessible because you can hear lyrics, the tempo is constant, and it has a tune, etc. *Essentially, it is pop
Sub Pop Records
-Seattle's built around this label (1986) -Fanzines -Became record label -First band was Mudhoney, which produced "Touch Me I'm Sick" *They were very representative of this label *Strong DC post punk feel with aggressive guitar, fast pace, etc *Overly distorted, not about flashy talent, just ugly guitar sound. *Used the Electro-Harmonix Big Muff guitar pedal -The song "Outshined" on Badmotor Finger (1991) is based around a riffs, which is a hard rock element
Motley Crue
-Shout at the Devil (1983) *Promoted in Billboard in 1983 (Nov. 26) *Had "Looks That Kill," "Ten Seconds to Love," "Helter Skelter," "Shout at the Devil," and "Too Young to Fall in Love" -Glam Rock influenced with teased hair etc.
1974 Disco
-Started in underground clubs/ cities *Spinning records and popular songs -Billboard was recognizing disco as a genre -DJs made disco popular
The Velvet Underground
-Strong influence on punk rock bands -Debut album was released in 1967 *Didn't sell a lot, but it was totally unique at the time with psychedelia being the prominent style -"I'm Waiting For the Man" (1967) *The singer is buying drugs in the song, but it's not LSD or weed *He's buying heroin, bc he's 'hardcore bro' -"Heroin" *This song would not be played on the radio, or any of these songs for that matter - It was a social commentary on social commentary and urban living with no expectation that they were 'trying to make it' especially considering that they knew their songs wouldn't be played on radio. -Velvet Underground was the house band for Andy Warhol and a big part of the avant garde movement
Superchunk
-Superchunk (1990) *Recorded with Matador *Had on it "Slack Motherfuqqa" - Lyrics/ vocal parts become part of the musical part
Giorgio Moroder
-Synthesizer -Producer -Formed Eurodisco (a style of disco) -"Love to Love Your Baby" (1975) by Donna Summer
Who was listening to Punk?
-Teens and young adults looking for something different from contemporary FM rock radio
Eurodisco
-Tempo= slower -Texture= bass -Synthesizer= lots of use -Lyrical content= sexual, layered, ambient
Saturday Night Fever Soundtrack
-The Bee Gees *"You Should Be Dancing," "Just Talking," "How Deep Is Your Love," and "Stayin' Alive" -The Tramps *"Disco Inferno" -David Shire *"Night on Disco Mountain"
Early Disco: Origins of Disco in NYC
-The Loft (a club) -Private parties -Sexual revolution *Homosexuality no longer considered a mental illness after 1973 -Everyone went to clubs *All races and sexual orientations -Drug use -Sexual dance style *Diverse dancing *Sense of freedom on the dance floor
Metal in the U.S.- LA and the Sunset Strip
-The Rainbow and the Roxy were key venues -Van halen released their debut record in 1978 *Themes weren't as dark *Tunes like "You Really Got Me," "Jamie's Cryin," and "running' With the Devil" made headway in mainstream rock *Used extended guitar techniques such as in "Eruption" *They were the representative group of metal in LA *Their release of 1984 (in 1984) stared them away from this path with "Jump," "I'll Wait," "Hot for Teacher," and "Panama" - Synthesizer rather than electric guitar was present- turned their backs on their hard rock/ heavy metal audience
Rock Stars and Disco
-The Rolling Stones' "Miss You" (1978) *Four on the floor *High hat on off beat *Similar to the Bee Gees *Falsetto *Used disco to help career -Rod Stewart's "Do You Think I'm Sexy" (1978) *Brought his career back up -KISS's "I Was Made For Loving You" (1979) *Bass had a straight feel *Matching octaves
What's Old Is New Again
-The formation of a "classic rock" cannon in the 1980s -CDs reissue albums made in the 1960s and 1970s -"Classic Rock" radio programming music from the mid 60s through the 70s *Music aimed towards the Baby Boomers of the 50s and 60s who had reached middle age -Contemporary artists in the 1990s began to produce music drawing from classic rock
The Seattle Scene: The New Liverpool
-The rebirth of Rock and Roll -Rock now is all macho male music -Number of bands coming now are also in the Rebel Girl movement
David Bowie
-The representative artist of British Glam -The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972) * A concept album -Disconnect between the music and Bowie's presentation -Subverting the male/macho sense of hard (blues-based) rock -Confronts the contemporary FM rock
Metallica
-Thrash metal -Debut album= Kill 'Em All (1983) -Follow up album= Master of Puppets (1986) *Had the song "Disposable Heroes" - The tempo is insanely fast - Cirtiquing disposable patriotism - Picks up where eBlack Sabbath left off with a punk influence - It's in your face - Not a standard formulaic approach but rather is experimental like progressive rock -And Justice For All (1988) *"One" - Changed the underground nature of the band - Had a video in heavy rotation on MTV and got lots of radio play *You could hear what was being said and had clean guitar, but gradually the song got fuller and got more distorted.
Rockers Re-made in the 80s
-Tina Turner updated her soul R&B image and embraced the new pop image and musical style in 1984 with the release of Private Dancer. *On it are "What's Love Got to Do With It" and "Private Dancer" - Both made use of MTV music videos -"Private Dancer" sounds very 80s with the use of the synthesizer but brings back some soul in the chorus.
Dave Matthews Band
-Under the Table and Dreaming (1994) *Has "Ants Marching" and "What Would You say" -Crash (1996) *Has "Crash Into Me," "Too Much," and "So Much To Say" -Found their niche within the pop industry
Joy Division (from Manchester)
-Unknown Pleasures (1979) "She's Lost Control" *Very bass driven (played high_ *Drums sound mechanical like a drum machine *The high hat sound was created by spraying a lysol can into the microphone *Vocals are dull/ morose/ dark *Musical style relates to the lyrics -"Love Will Tear Us Apart" (1980) *A very bright sound with disco rhythmic beat associated with contemporary dance music (disco) *Use a synthesizer *Dark lyrics *Disconnect between the music and lyrics
Elvis Costello and the Attractions (Post-Punk begins)
-Ussed the idea of punk rock instrumentation and combined it with songwriting -Performed on saturday Night Live on December 17, 1977 after the Sex Pistols had visa problems *Nobody new him *Told him to play "Less than Zero" *Instead he played "Radio, Radio"even though he was specifically told not to since NBC was the parent of SNL and they didn't want any music which would cause issues for broadcasting - Since he did so anyway, the producer of SNL said Elvis Costello would never play on SNL again, and he didn't until the 25th anniversary -He used the show to get his name out and share a message containing punk ethos.
"Never Can Say Goodbye" Gloria Gaynor (1974)
-What demonstrates the low end? *Repetitive bass, four on the floor, and high hat beats -Vocal timbre= trained, professional, soulful, loud, diva, bright, clean -Drum kit= high hats -Rhythm= strings/ orchestra -Speed= quick tempo
Why all the hate on disco?
1- Rockers were reacting against two origins of disco in the gay community *Most rock fans didn't know disco originated in gay nightclubs 2- Disco promoted and celebrated promiscuity *Offended rockers' "sensibilites" *Rock really started celebrating promiscuity but it's cool 3- Disco was equated with black music *Maybe only a minority of rock fans held this view, however. 4- Offended rocker's "hippie aesthetic" *Disco was not about listening to the music, but was about dancing
Punk in the UK
1- Sex Pistols *Released Nevermind the Bollocks in 1977 *Released singles in 1976 like The Ramones *Unlike the contemporary scene, the UK counterparts were more socially and politically aware right off the bat compared to the US punk. *Released "God Save the Queen" in 1977 - Talked about the frustration of celebrating figure heads when so many people were struggling.
California Hardcore
1- The Dead Kennedies *Released Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables in 1980 *"California Uber Alles" bears little resemblance to the DC Hardcore Sound, but it still is a critique (of california culture this time) *Title comes from Germany's national anthem with the phrase Germany over all (so California over all) *Critiquing the hippie way the governor in California was using a laissez faire approach.
Motown Male Vocal Groups Reinvented
1. Boyz II Men 2. NSYNC 3. Backstreet Boys
Pop Divas
1. Christina Aguilera 2. Britney Spears 3. Mariah Carey
Music Festivals- 90s
1. Lollapalooza (1991) *Featured alternative artists *James Addiction headlined 2. Woodstock (1994) *25th Anniversary *Green Day and RHCP performed
Britpop and the 2nd British Invasion
1. Oasis 2. Blur
Jam Bands
1. Phish 2. Blues Traveler 3. Dave Matthews Band *Trace back to the Grateful Dead and the Allman Brothers Band because of the improvisation element
Motown Female Vocal Groups Reinvented
1. TLC 2. Spice Girls *Musically, we see hip hop supporting*
W(h)ither Rock?
1. White Stripes 2. Black Keys 3. Food Fighters 4. Queens of the Stone Age
Ben Folds Five (a trio)
-Whatever and Ever Amen (1997) *Recorded with 550/Epic (Sony) *Had the song "Brick" which was a melodic pop song
Disco Demolition Night: July 12, 1979
-Chicago, IL -Epitome of the death of disco -Steve Doll *Hosted disco demolition with White Sox -Tried to blow up disco records -Hated Disco -Southern rednecks raided the field -After this event, disco stopped charting
What is "Classic Rock?"
-1982: Media executive/ radio consultant Lee Abrams develops "Timeless Radio"- a combination of modern/contemporary rock with AOR (album-oriented-rock) from the 60s and 70s. *It corresponds with technological changes as well - The CD was released in 1982 *Billy Joel was the 1st CD released *The rich were the only ones buying CDs *People would buy the stuff they already knew and liked like the Late Beatles, Journey, Boston, etc. -So if they wanted this music, radios thought they should play it too. -1983- KRBE AM in Houston, TX uses the label "Classic Rock" for the first time to refer to their programming *It was AOR rock from the 60s and 70s *No contemporary Top 40 or pop
Billboard, April 27, 1985: Special Feature on Heavy Metal
-20% of total music sales were Metal by 1985 (tripled in 2 years) *Because they broadened their audience *Appealed to pre-teens, college aged kids, and women instead of only teen males *The music was more accessible lyrically and thematically - Instead of more of a party presence
Parallel Lines (1978) by Blondie
-2nd full-length album *Helped to bring punk rock to a bigger audience because of the songs "One Way or Another" and "Heart of Glass" -"Heart of Glass" used a synthesizer and added a new dimension to the music because they are harder to learn *Synthesizer is associated with a new wave -Drumming is characteristic of disco because of the high hat drumming off-beat (creating a dance tune) -Autoamerican (1980) was another big album and had "The Tide Is High" and "Rapture" -"Rapture" was many people's 1st introduction to rap on the radio.
The Bronx is Burning: The Bronx in the Late 1970s
-95% of building were burned in the 70s and 80s -NYC was almost bankrupt -People were frustrated with the Bronx
Punk ethos
-About doing what you wanted to do and weren't concerned with signing to major radios, having radio this, or playing large stadiums, which was eye opening -Made it hard to generalize punk
John Cougar Mellencamp
-American Fool (1982) *His breakout album with "Hurts so Good," and "Jack and Diane" -Uh-Hu (1983) *Pink Houses" - Appeals to everyday people - Strong sense of place -Scarecrow (1985) *"Small Town" - About middle America - Seen as 'authentic' rock music
It Crawled from the South... Musical Scenes and the Seeds of Alternative Rock (In College Towns)
-Athens, GA -The B-525s, R.E.M, and Pylon -The B-525s (1979) had "Planet Claire" and "Rock Lobster" *Surfey sound -Their release of Cosmic Thing (1989) allowed them to break into the pop alternative sound with "Roam" and "Love Shack"
Wilco and Post-Rock Experimentation
-Being There( 1996) *Had "Far, Far Away" -They were alt country -Used pedal steel guitar and harmonica like Neil Young did -Yankee Hotel Foxtroit (2002) *"Ashes of American Flags" - This song brings in background noise and changing instrumentation - They deconstructed traditional rock songs like early Pink Floyd
Saturday Night Fever (1977)- Late Disco
-Big movies about disco -More choreographed dancing -Primarily white -Masculinity was emphasized
Nirvana
-Bleach (1989) was on Sub Pop -Nevermind (1991) was a major label release *Had on it "Come As You Are," "Lithium," "In Bloom," and "Smells Like Teen Spirit" It repeats: 1. Clean/ Distortion 2. During verses guitar is playing. Chorus pedal sound sounds wavy 3. Pre-chorus 4. During chorus- distortion *Use all different sounds around one riff, creating drama *It is different from the mud honey sound because it's a more diverse and interesting listening experience. - They learned this from people like The Pixies -ALSO Nirvana is considered a crossover because it has more emphasis on dynamic musical sounds
Meanwhile on FM Radio...
-Boston by Boston (1976) *"More Than A Feeling" -Lack of engagement with social issues - Addresses romance, going out, and having a good time - Very pop-like - Wanted rock not to alienate groups, but to appeal to a broad audience would would admire the vocal prowess (for girls) and guitar sections (for men) -Foreigner by Foreigner (1977) *"Feels like the First Time" - Used the same formula as Boston -Infinity by Journey (1978) *"Lights" - Same form, same song progression, same model *These are cookie cutter songs *This is what disco was displacing
Killers (1981) and The Number of the Beast (1982)
-By Iron Maiden -Album covers had a person named "Eddie" -The second album established the sound of British heavy metal with 2 lead electric guitars, large vocal range of lead vocalists, bass guitar, and drums -Dark themes
The Smiths (from Manchester)
-Care about songwriting a lot -Released "The Charming Man" in 1983 *Starts off like a movie setting the scene *Has two narrators *This is a seduction song/ homoerotic *Very strong power dynamic and class dynamic *Overall a very British song
Early Hip Hop
-Cedar Park -W 179th Street --> The Ghetto - The Bronx is between Cedar and Sedgewick Avenues -DJ Kool Herc's Mobile Sound System *Adopted from Jamaica *Would set up in the parks and broke into electrical boxes to power the turn tables (which is obviously illegal) *Played music to dance to, but individuals would rap over the instrumental sections of disco, funk, and soul.
20/20 Report on Rap (1981)
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