Anatomy Chapter Two Review
Why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid?
ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine
The addition of water in order to lyse, or break apart two things
Hydrolysis
Which of the following elements is needed to make functional thyroid hormone?
Iodine
Which of the following contains sodium?
NaCl
The most common element in the human body is
Oxygen
Which of these vitamins is produced in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation?
vitamin D
Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound
water
In order to break down a disaccharide down into simple sugar units
water molecules must be added to each bond
Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body (True or False)
True
Nucleotides are composed of
a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary?
adenine and thymine
What organic molecule provides a ready source of chemical energy within all cells?
adenosine triphosphate
Why are salts referred to as electrolytes?
after salts dissolve in a solution, the resulting ions can conduct an electrical current
The most common steroid is
cholesterol
Guanine always pairs with
cytosine
The reaction sucrose + water -> glucose + fructose is an example of a(n)
decomposition reaction
What type of chemical reaction is used by liver cells when synthesizing glycogen from glucose?
dehydration synthesis
The sugar found in DNA is
deoxyribose
Which of the following choices describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?
deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen-containing base, phosphate group
The sugar in DNA is __________, while the sugar in RNA is __________
deoxyribose, ribose
A nucleotide of DNA contain three components:
deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base
Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more __________ bonds between carbon atoms
double
At the beginning of glycolysis, ATP transfers a phosphate group to glucose. What type of chemical reaction is this?
exchange reaction
Saturated fats
exist as solids at room temperature
Collagen and keratin are examples
fibrous proteins
Enzymes are examples of ________ proteins
globular (functional)
Also known as functional proteins
globular proteins
Antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes are examples of
globular proteins
Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar?
glucose
Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?
glycogen
Water absorbs and releases large amount of energy before changing temperature, a characteristic known as
high heat capacity
Which of the properties of water is most closely associated with the body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal temperature?
high heat capacity
Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of
hydrogen atoms
Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?
increased temperature
Besides replicating before cell division, the other fundamental role of DNA is
instructions to make protein
Concentrated energy made up of hydrocarbon chains or rings
lipids
Make up the majority of a cell membrane structure
lipids
Not soluable in water
lipids
Triglycerides, steroids, and fat-soluble vitamins are examples of
lipids
ATP is a modified version
nucleic acids
DNA, RNA, and ATP are examples of
nucleic acids
Genetic information compromising a sugar-phosphate backbone and complementary base pairing
nucleic acids
Nucleotides are the building blocks for this organic compound group
nucleic acids
Compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed _________ compounds
organic
Charged "head" region with an uncharged "tail" region
phopholipids
Bilayer forms selectively permeable cell membrane
phospholipids
Fats that contain phosphate groups
phospholipids
The major function of potassium is to
play a role in nerve impulse transmissions and muscle contractions
Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called
polysaccharides
Has several different levels of folding
proteins
In which category of organic molecules would you place compounds that catalyze chemical reactions?
proteins
Structural and biological catalyst macro-molecules of amino acids with various functions
proteins
The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the
proteins
Two or more polypeptides chains combine to form a complex structure called a
quaternary structure
The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by
synthesis reactions
The ability of water to absorb heat and thus buffer changes in temperature is important for
temperature homeostasis
Monosaccharide is the monomer
carbohydrates
Identify the nucleic acid
DNA
Involves the removal of water in order to bond two things together
Dehydration synthesis
Proteins are synthesized from ________ during synthesis reactions
amino acids
The building blocks of proteins are
amino acids
The hydrolysis of proteins produces these building blocks
amino acids
Which of the following is a protein? triglyceride antibody cholesterol RNA glucose
antibody
Enzymes are
biological catalysts
Building block is the monosaccharide
carbohydrates
Commonly used source of the energy with the ratio 1 carbon-2 hydrogen-1 oxygen
carbohydrates
ATP is a modified nucleotide used for cellular energy that contains the sugar
ribose
In our body, many salts dissociate into their ions. Which ions are essential for nerve impulses
sodium and potassium
Most physiologically important example is cholesterol
steroids
fats that are the basis for some hormones
steroids
which of these enzymes catalyzes sucrose?
sucrase
Why is a denatured enzyme no longer functional?
the normal three dimensional shape is lost and the active site of the enzyme is no longer present
The building blocks of a triglyceride are
three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule
The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is
thymine
In DNA, adenine pairs with ________ but in RNA, adenine pairs with _______
thymine, uracil
At least one fatty acid chain, typically saturated with hydrogens
triglycerides
Three fatty acids attached to one glycerol molecule
triglycerides
Which organic molecule or molecules are found in subcutaneous tissues and around organs, and are the major source of stored energy in the body?
triglycerides
Which nitrogen-containing base is found only in RNA?
uracil
