Anatomy Exam 1-3 Questions

(Referring to the first exam testlet) The alveolar bone first lost due to recession is classified as what type of bone? a. Woven b. Trabecular c. Lamellar

c. Lamellar

Hyaline cartilage is composed of an extracellular matrix that contains which type of collagen? a. Type I collagen b. Type II collagen c. Type III collagen d. Type IV collagen

Type II collagen

A venous portal system is associated with which part of the pituitary gland? a. anterior pituitary b. posterior pituitary

a . anterior pituitary

The network of microfilaments that form a framework within a microvillus is formed by a. Actin b. Keratins c. Lamins d. Vimentin

a. Actin

The ground substance of connective tissue is rich in heavily hydrated glycosaminoclgycans, proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins. An example of a proteoglycan found in cartilage is: a. Aggrecan b. Fibronectin c. Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) d. Laminin

a. Aggrecan

A long bone has both an endosteum and periosteum. All of the following statements about these two structures are true EXCEPT ONE. Which statement is the EXCEPTION? a. All collagen fibers in the periosteum are arranged parallel to the surface of the bone b. Appositional bone growth occurs from osteoblasts located in the endosteum and periosteum c. The periosteum has a fibrous outer layer d. The periosteum has an inner layer of progenitor cells and osteoblasts

a. All collagen fibers in the periosteum are arranged parallel to the surface of the bone

The free surface specializations of epithelial cells in the bronchi that move mucus are called a. Cilia b. Microvilli c. Stereocilia d. Terminal web

a. Cilia

The connective tissue fiber with the greatest tensile strength is the a. Collagen fiber b. Elastic fiber c. Reticular fiber

a. Collagen fiber

The cells that line the acinar portion of a gland are most likely to be classified as: a. Cuboidal epithelial b. Fibroblast c. Mast d. Squamous epithelial

a. Cuboidal epithelial

True or False. An antigen-presenting cell is required to activate a T lymphocyte a. True b. False

a. True

During the flexion of the biceps muscle the sarcomeres of the muscle shorten. Which of the following structures are attached to the Z-line during this process? a. actin myofilaments b. intercalated discs c. myosin filaments d. T-tubules

a. actin myofilaments

All of the following actions happen with the activation of a B lymphocyte EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes b. B lymphocyte proliferation c. Differentiation into plasma cells d. Memory cell formation

a. activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Which of the following glial cells are normally located near blood vessels and act to support neurons? a. astrocytes b. ependymal cells c. microglia d. oligodendrocytes

a. astrocytes

The heart valve that prevents back flow into the left atrium is a: a. bicuspid valve b. semilunar valve c. tricuspid valve

a. bicuspid valve

The site of B lymphocyte maturation and selection is the: a. bone marrow b. lymph node c. spleen d. thymus

a. bone marrow

(Referring to third exam testlet) The portion of the digestive tube that is affected by the ulcer receives its blood supply primarily from the a. celiac trunk b. inferior mesenteric a. c. superior mesenteric a.

a. celiac trunk

In the inner ear, the spiral organ (organ of Corti) has hair cells that are attached to the basal membrane. The basal membrane is between which two spaces in the inner ear. a. cochlear duct and scala typani b. cochlear duct and scala vestibuli c. scala typmani and scala vestibuli

a. cochlear duct and scala tympani

Following an accident in which a car bumper injures a pedestrian's lateral leg just below the knee, the patient cannot evert his foot on the affected side. This suggests an injury to which nerve? a. common fibular b. femoral c. obturator d. tibial

a. common fibular

Which of the following is a parasympathetic response? a. constriction of airways b. decreased salivation c. increased sweating d. vasoconstriction

a. constriction of airways

The muscle of the left ventricle has Purkinje fibers of the conducting system located in which layer? a. endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium) b. endocardium, superficial layer (endothelial) c. epicardium d. myocardium

a. endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium)

The muscles that extend the leg at the knee joint are innervated by: a. femoral nerve b. obturator nerve c. sciatic nerve

a. femoral nerve

All of the following muscles move the scapula on the axial skeleton EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. latissimus dorsi b. levator scapulae c. pectoralis minor d. serratus anterior

a. latissiumus dorsi

Short postganglionic fibers are associated with a. parasympathetic nerves b. sympathetic nerves

a. parasympathetic nerves

The type of epithelial cell that lines the trachea is: a. pseudostratified columnar, ciliated b. simple columnar c. simple cuboidal d. simple squamous

a. pseudostratified columnar, ciliated

The region of the adrenal gland that secretes cortisol is the: a. zona fasciculata of cortex b. zona glomerulosa of cortex c. zona reticularis of cortex d. medulla

a. zona fasciculata of cortex

Growth and repair of hyaline cartilage is limited because its: a. absent from fibrocartilage b. Avascular c. Cells are isolated in lacunae d. Grows primarily by interstitial growth in adults

b. Avascular

The spinchter pupillae muscle receives motor innervation from postganglionic fibers of (the) a. CN II b. CN III c. CN VII d. Sympathetic trunk

b. CN III

(Referring to second exam testlet) The patient had two issues of pain. The pain sensation from the region of the mouth and nose would travel in: a. CN I b. CN V c. CN VII d. CN IX

b. CN V

Resistance to both compression and shear forces is best met via a. Elastic cartilage b. Fibrocartilage c. Hyaline cartilage d. Perichondrium

b. Fibrocartilage

All of the following statements about the plasmalemma of a cell are true EXCEPT one. The EXCEPTION is a. Has cholesterol in the middle layer b. Has integral proteins that form a loose association with one of the two membrane surfaces c. May have lipid rafts d. The external surface of the plasma membrane is hydrophilic e. The internal surface of the plasma membrane is hydrophilic

b. Has integral proteins that form a loose association with one of the two membrane surfaces

Within the hepatic sinusoids are specialized cells that help to break down old erythrocytes as well as remove bacteria from the blood. These cells are: a. Ito cells b. Kupffer cells c. M-cells d. Paneth cells

b. Kupffer cells

The hormone secreted by adipocytes that binds to receptors in the brain indicating satiety is: a. Ghrelin b. Leptin c. Lipase d. Norepinephrine

b. Leptin

(Referring to the first exam testlet) The inflamed tissue seen adjacent to the lip stud would typically include increased numbers of which type of transient cells? a. Fibroblasts b. Leukocytes c. Macrophages d. Mast cells

b. Leukocytes

(Referring to the first exam testlet) The cell type that would resorb bone during the associated bone loss would be a. Osteoblast b. Osteoclast c. Osteocyte d. Macrophage

b. Osteoclast

The type of adipose tissue that has adipocytes with a single lipid drop and a nucleus displaced to the plasma membrane is a. Brown adipose b. White adipose

b. White adipose

All the following are components of every synovial joint EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. articular cartilage b. articular disc c. fibrous capsule d. joint cavity e. synovial membrane

b. articular disc

The pigmented layer of the retina is adjacent to the a. bipolar neural layer b. choroid c. ganglion cell layer d. sclera

b. choroid

(Referring to the first exam testlet) The redness around the stud reflects increased blood flow in the: a. adipose b. connective tissue c. epithelium d. periosteum

b. connective tissue

The exocrine portion of the pancreas secretes: a. bile b. digestive enzymes c. insulin d. pepsinogen

b. digestive enzymes

All of the following statements about lymph nodes are correct EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. are the only filter for lymph b. have white pulp c. have multiple afferent and single efferent vessels d. site of B lymphocyte proliferation

b. have white pulp

The thyroid gland releases TH that can result in an increase metabolic activity of target organs. The negative feedback loop that would inhibit TH release involves which of the following: a. adrenal gland b. hypothalamus c. parathyroid gland d. posterior pituitary gland

b. hypothalamus

(Referring to second exam testlet) The patient had two issues of pain. The pain sensation from the back would travel in the: a. left dorsal column b. left spinothalamic tract c. right dorsal column d. right spinothalamic tract

b. left spinothalamic tract

Platelets are produced by: a. B lymphocytes b. megakaryocytes c. neutrophils d. T lymphocytes

b. megakaryocytes

The endocrine gland that produces a hormone that promotes bone resorption is the: a. adrenal b. parathyroid c. pancreas d. thyroid

b. parathyroid

Stave cells are located in the a. germinal center b. red pulp c. white pulp

b. red pulp

(Referring to second exam testlet) Numbness in loss, diminished or altered tactile sensation. The numbness the patient reported for his right lower leg involves a pathway where its secondary neurons are located within the: a. right dorsal (posterior horn of the spinal cord b. right medulla oblongata of the brain stem c. left dorsal (posterior) horn of the spinal cord d. left medulla oblongata of the brain stem

b. right medulla oblongata of the brain stem

At the neuromuscular junction the folds that contain acetylcholine receptors are a part of the: a. muscle fiber nucleus b. sarcolemma c. sarcomere d. Terminal cisterna

b. sarcolemma

Injury to the motor fiber tracts in the spinal cord at the level of the heart would affect nerve fibers of: a. lower motor neurons (LMN) b. Upper motor neurons (UMN) c. Primary neurons d. secondary neurons

b. upper motor neurons (UMN)

The epicardium is formed by a. parietal pericardium b. visceral pericardium

b. visceral pericardium

The type of neuron cell found in the spinal ganglion is classified as: a. bipolar b. multipolar c. (pseudo)unipolar

c. (pseudo)unipolar

The process by which a leukocyte migrates from a blood vessel into the connective tissue is called: a. Anaphylaxis b. Chemotaxis c. Diapedesis d. Pinocytosis

c. Diapedesis

All of the following statements about an osteon are true EXCEPT ONE. Which statement is the EXCEPTION? a. It has a central canal with blood vessels and nerve b. It has concentric lamellae c. It has osteocytes isolated within the bone d. It communicates with other osteons as well as the periosteum by perforating canals

c. It has osteocytes isolated within the bone

If a biopsy found malignant cells in an epithelium, the abnormal cell proliferation would be indicated by an increase in size and/or number of which of the following structures within the cells examined? a. Golgi apparatus b. Lipid rafs c. Nucleolus d. Smooth ER

c. Nucleolus

The mechanism by which extracellular fluid is brought into a cell is called a. Exocytosis b. Phagocytosis c. Pinocytosis d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

c. Pinocytosis

The respiratory membrane is composed of the endothelial cell wall and the cell wall of a a. brush cell b. Clara cell c. Type I pneumocyte d. Type II pneumocyte

c. Type I pneumocyte

Discriminative sensation (also called tactile discrimination) from the right foot travels through the spinal cord at the level of the upper limb in which of the following fiber tracts? a. corticospinal on the left or contralateral (opposite) side b. dorsal column on the left or contralateral (opposite) side c. dorsal column on the right or ipsilateral (same) side d. spinothalamic on the left or contralateral (opposite) side e. spinothalamic on the right or ipsilateral (same

c. dorsal column on the right or ipsilateral (same) side

Blood in a prenate flows from the right atrium to the left atrium via the a. ductus arteriosus b. ductus venosus c. foramen ovale d. umbilical vein

c. foramen ovale

The branch of the brachial plexus that innervates the muscles that flex the forearm at the elbow joint is: a. axillary n. b. median n. c. musculocutaneous n. d. radial n. e. ulnar n.

c. musculotaneous n.

Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary? a. ACTH b. FSH c. Oxytocin d. Prolactin

c. oxytocin

a bundle of nerve fibers is enclosed by the a. endoneurium b. epineurium c. perineurium

c. perineurium

In the liver, the plasma membrane of hepatocytes is in contact with the a. central vein b. hepatic sinusoids c. perisinusoidal space d. portal triad

c. perisinusoidal space

A patient's inability to extend his hand and its digits is most likely due to the damage to the: a. Axillary n. b. median n. c. radial n. d. ulnar n.

c. radial n.

Exhalation during respiration can be assisted by which of the following muscles? a. diaphragm b. pectoralis minor c. rectus abdominis d. sternocleidomastoid

c. rectus abdominis

(Referring to third exam testlet) The mucosa affected by the lesion typically has all the following components EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. crypts of Lieberkuhn b. lacteals c. rugae d. villi

c. rugae

(Referring to second exam testlet) Flexion of the leg at the knee involves which of the following muscles. a. iliopsoas b. rectus femoris c. semitendinosus d. vastus medialis

c. semitendinosus

A stroke on the right hemisphere affecting the postcentral gyrus would result in a. motor impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side b. motor impairment on the ipsilateral (same) side c. sensory impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side d. sensory impairment on the ipsilateral (same) side

c. sensory impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side

Which type of capillary would you expect to see in the spleen or bone marrow? a. continuous b. fenestrated c. sinusoidal

c. sinusoidal

Which type of muscle can regenerate through mitotic activity? a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth

c. smooth

Interosseous ligaments are an example of which type of joint? a. symphysis b. synchondrosis c. syndesmosis d. synovial

c. syndesmosis

During intramembranous bone formation: a. Bone first forms adjacent to the periosteum b. Cartilaginous bone model is first formed c. Epiphyseal plates form to facilitate continued long bone growth d. Mesenchymal cells first differentiate into osteoblasts that secrete osteoid

d. Mesenchymal cells first differentiate into osteoblasts that secrete osteoid

Which organelle of the cell would be present in large numbers in cells requiring large amounts of energy? a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi apparatus c. Lysosome d. Mitochondria

d. Mitochondria

(Referring to the first exam testlet): The epithelium of this mucosa would be classified as: a. simple squamous, keratinized b. Simple squamous, non-keratinized c. Stratified squamous, keratinized d. Stratified squamous, non-keratinized

d. Stratified squamous, non-keratinized

The basal lamina is composed of glycoproteins (laminin and entactin) and a. Type I collagen b. Type II collagen c. Type III collagen d. Type IV collagen

d. Type IV collagen

The type of intercellular junction located adjacent to the apical surface of an epithelial cell used to seal off the interceullular space from the outside space is a: a. Desmosome b. Hemidesmosome c. Zonula adherens d. Zonula occludens

d. Zonula occludens

Which of the following cells is an agranulocyte? a. basophil b. eosinophil c. neutrophil d. macrophage

d. macrophage

(Referring to third exam testlet) The cells responsible for the overproduction of digestive secretions are the: a. chief cells enterocytes c. paneth cells d. parietal cells

d. parietal cells

White blood cells are most likely to enter into a tissue through: a. arterioles b. arteriovenous shunts c. capillaries d. postcapillary venules

d. postcapillary venules

(Referring to third exam testlet) The endoscope passes down the digestive tube from the mouth and will enter the ulcerated region from the stomach through which muscular valve? a. anal sphincter b. cardiac valve c. ileocecal valve d. pyloric valve

d. pyloric valve

An upper motor neuron injury would produce which of the following affects? a. atrophy of the muscle b. muscle fasciculations immediately after injury c. reduced reflex responses (hyporeflexia) d. spastic paralysis

d. spastic paralysis

The knee jerk reflex test initiates a spinal nerve reflex. In this reflex, the sensory input from a muscle has its cell body located in the ______ and its motor cell body located in the _____. a. dorsal (posterior) horn, precentral gyrus b. medulla oblongata, precentral gyrus c. spinal ganglion, dorsal (posterior) horn d. spinal ganglion, ventral (anterior) horn

d. spinal ganglion, ventral (anterior) horn

Synovial fluid is a product of which type of cell? a. chondrocyte, hyaline b. chondrocyte, fibrocartilage c. synoviocyte, Type A d. synoviocyte, Type B

d. synoviocyte, Type B

(Referring to second exam testlet) The motor deficits suggested injury to the sciatic nerve. Which of the following branches of the sciatic nerve innervate muscles that plantarflex the foot? a. deep fibular (peroneal) n. b. obturator n. c. superficial fibular (peroneal) n. d. tibial n.

d. tibial n.

bronchial constriction is a product of a. intercostal nerves b. phrenic nerve c. sympathetic nerves d. vagus nerve

d. vagus nerve

(Referring to third exam testlet) The common bile duct can be located within the lesser omentum along with: a. hepatic artery b. hepatic vein c. portal vein d. A and B e. A and C

e. A and C

If baroreceptors in the aorta detect decreased arterial pressure, a sympathetic response is initiated. Which of the following actions would you expect to occur? a. decrease heart rate b. increased heart rate c. vasoconstriction d. A and C e. B and C

e. B and C