Anatomy Final
which of the following statements about aging and joints is false?
articular cartilage thickens
epithelia tissues can be classified into various categories according to...
cell shape and number of layers
the four basic types of tissues in the body are
connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial
the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule):
contains cells called podocytes
the nutrient artery of a long bone
divides into branches that supply the marrow and the inner portion of the diaphysis
the kidney is ___ to the stomach
dorsal
the male reproductive duct that is six meters long but is tightly coiled into a 3.5 cm distance is the
ductus epididymis
the ability of skin to stretch and recoil is due to the press of ____ in the _____
elastic fibers, dermis
which joint shows a hinge motion?
elbow joint
cell junctions that are little tunnels made of connexion connecting two cells are
gap junctions
which of the following is NOT a function of a gallbladder?
synthesize bile
which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the only movements? 1. pivot joint 2. hinge joint 3. monaxial joint 4. biaxial joint
2 and 3
from deepest to most superficial, the cells pass through the layers in what order? 1. stratum spinosum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum lucidum (only in thick skin) 5. stratum granulosum
2, 1, 5, 4, 3
which of the following are true of yellow bone marrow? 1. It is the main site of blood cell production 2. it is located in the medullary (marrow) cavities of long bones 3. It is located in hipbones, sternum, ribs, and vertebrae. 4. it is a site of energy storage in the form of triglycerides. 5. it becomes more abundant relative to red bone marrow with increasing age due to the conversion of red bone marrow to yellow bone marrow
2, 4, 5
place the following ducts in the correct order, from the site of sperm production to the point of exit from the body
2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 5, 3, 9, 7
nervous tissue
all of these choices
normal bone growth and replacement depend on the presence of
all of these choices
three layers of tissue surround each kidney. they are, in order from innermost (deepest) to outermost (most superficial): 1. renal capsule 2. visceral peritoneum (serosa) 3. adipose capsule 4. renal fascia
1, 3, 4
the strength of the diaphysis of a long bone is due to 1. the presence of compact bone 2. the longitudinal orientation of the osteons 3. the presence of the trabecuale
1 and 2 are both correct
alpha and beta cells in the endocrine portion of the pancreas: 1. can be found in the pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans) 2. secrete their hormones into the pancreatic duct 3. secrete hormones that regulate calcium levels in the body 4. are responsible for maintaining homeostatic levels of glucose 5. aid in the production of enzymes used for protein digestion
1 and 4
epithelial tissue forms part of which layer(s) of an artery wall? 1. tunica interna (intima) 2. tunica media 3. tunica externa
1 only
the uterine tubes:
1, 2, 4 only
put the following in order for endochrondral ossification
1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 7, 6
____blood flows through the following vessels in what order: 1. arteriole 2. capillary 3. thoroughfare channel 4. metarteriole 5. venule
1, 4, 2, 5
the articular cartilage 1. consists of two layers: an outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue and an inner layer of loose connective tissue. 2. firmly binds the articulating bones. 3. covers the surfaces of the articulating bones at a synovial joint. 4. helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint
3 and 4 only
skeletal muscle fibers (cells) have the following anatomical characteristic(s)
all of these choices
spongy bone is located
all of these choices
the onset of menopause occurs when:
all of these choices
a lamella is
a ring of matrix
an osteon (haversian system) is
a structural unit of compact bone
name the two most specific body cavities that would be sectioned if a transverse plane were passed through the umbilicus
abdominal and vertebral canal
which of the following is a vascularized tissue?
adipose tissue
which of the following is an adrenal gland hormone that is essential for life?
aldosterone
serous membranes are associated with the
all of the choices
appearance of the epiphyseal line means
all of these choices
connective tissue may contain
all of these choices
epiphyseal plates of growing bones may be classified as
all of these choices
functions of the skin include
all of these choices
what bone disorder is best described as inadequate calcification of the extracellular matrix, usually caused by a vitamin D deficiency?
all of these choices
what structure(s) of the synovial joint absorb(s) shock from external forces that are placed on it?
all of these choices
which of the following is found in the stratum basal?
all of these choices
which of the following statements about joint classification is true?
all of theses choices
a good description of nutrient foramen is that it
allows blood vessels and nerves to penetrate compact bone tissue
the masculinizing hormone that functions to promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristic is:
androgens
articular discs of synovial joints
are found in the space between the ends of the bones
a characteristic of osteoclasts is that they
are responsible for the destruction (resorption) of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream
calluses form in areas that
are subject to friction
all three types of fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular) are found in which of the following tissues?
areolar connective tissue
contraction of the ____ causes "goose bumps"
arrector pili muscle
which joint allows a gliding movement to occur?
between carpal bones
which joint could be called a saddle joint?
between trapezium and first metacarpal
the central canal of a bone contains
blood vessels and nerves
the harness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. the flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers
both statements are true
the thinnest-walled blood vessels in the body are
capillaries
which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and contains desmosomes and gap junctions in structures called intercalated discs?
cardiac
which of the following would take the longest time to heal?
cartilage
the central canal is in the...?
center of the osteon
what anatomical structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to the ear (otic), lateral to the nose (nasal), inferior to the eye (orbital), and superior to the maxillary (upper) teeth?
cheek (buccal)
the levels of the structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follows:
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system
which of the following is an organic part of bone matrix that gives bone its flexibility and tensile strength?
collagen
the tissue that contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma belongs to what tissue group?
connective tissue
functions of the skeletal system do NOT include...
control of body temperature
the mid ventral mass of erectile tissue in the penis is a
corpus spongiosum penis
which of the following terms best describes a bluish skin color must likely resulting from an inadequate amount of oxygen circulating in the blood?
cyanosis
a major change in bone tissue that occurs with aging that leads to increased brittleness is...
decreased production of collagen
tattoos are created by injecting ink with a needle into the
dermis
which type of joint has the most movement?
diarthrosis
which of the following is a false statement about epithelium?
epithelial tissue is a highly vascular tissue
an epithelial membrane consists of
epithelium plus connective tissue
the narrow strip of epidermis found on the surface of the proximal border of a nail is called
eponchium (cuticle)
fibrous connective tissue firmly holds the articular surfaces of bones together in
fibrous joints
the 2 portions of a nephron that commonly contribute to the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the:
final part of ascending limb of nephron loop (loop of Henle) and afferent arteriole
in the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face:
forward
the peritoneal fold situated as a "fatty apron" anterior to the small intestine is the _____
greater omentum
the transformation of a single fertilized human egg cell into a unique individual is a good example of what human life process?
growth and development
the flexible connective tissue that joins the anterior extremity of a rib to the breast bone (strernum) is
hyaline cartilage
the epiphyseal plate is
in a young bone, the site of growth in length
elastic arteries ____:
include the largest diameter arteries in the body
materials move between capillary blood and interstitial fluid through:
intercellular clefts
growth in length as a bone develops is called ____ growth
interstitial
the composition of lymph most closely resembles:
interstitial fluid
the areas between neighboring osteons contain
interstitial lamellae
the word that best describes the position of the gallbladder relative to the appendix is
ipsilateral
a good description of a medullary (marrow) cavity its that it
is a region of bone that contains yellow bone marrow
thyroxine (T4) is a hormone that:
is secreted along with T3 into the follicles of the thyroid gland
which of the following statements about stratified squamous epithelium is true?
it consists of two or more layers of cells
which of the following is not true of periosteum?
it covers and protects the bones
the layer of areolar connective tissue underlying the epithelium of the mucosa of the GI tract is called the _____
lamina propria
blood in systemic circulation travels from the ____, then through arteries, capillaries, and veins, to the ____
left ventricle, right atrium
structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint are
ligaments
abundant capillary networks are located in the
liver
a characteristic of osteocytes is that they
maintain the daily metabolism of bone tissue
spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the only processes in the body where ______ occurs :
meiosis
which of the following statements about skin color is false?
melanin is produced in the organelles of epithelial cells and then migrates to the hypodermis
food proteins are broken down into amino acids, building blocks that can be used to build new proteins that make up muscles and bones. this is a good example of what human life process?
metabolism
which of the following is an anatomical feature of the small intestine that serves to increase the surface area for digestion and absorption?
microvilli
the thickest part of the uterus is the:
myometrium
the two organs systems that have the primary responsibility for regulating body activities are
nervous and endocrine
the corpus luteum:
none of these choices
the matrix of loose connective tissue is produced by
none of these choices
peristaltic contractions;
occur in the stomach, esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine
osteocytes are the mature bone cells that develop directly from
osteoblasts
activity of which of these cells is responsible for the remodeling of the bony callus as the final step in fracture repair?
osteoclasts
canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse into mature bone cells located within the lacunae of the osteon. which of the following are those mature bone cells?
osteocytes
which of the following pairs of terms is INCORRECTLY matched?
pancreatic polypeptide; inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon
the membrane covering the outer surface of the heart is a ____ membrane
parietal
the membrane covering the outer surface of the lungs is called the
parietal pleura
which of the following is not related to bone?
perichondrium
____ protects us from disease by producing antibodies
plasma B cells
a function of fibroblasts is to
produce the protein fibers found in the matrix of connective tissue
intramembraneous ossification is the process that
produces flat bones like the cranium
the femur and humerus contain
red bone marrow in the proximal epiphysis
a nephron consists of two parts:
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
the right lymphatic duct receives lymph from all of the following EXCEPT the:
right side of the body inferior to the ribs
the thoracic (left lymphatic) duct receives lymph from all of the following EXCEPT the:
right upper limb
the primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is
rotation
A ___ section of the body or organ would reveal its right and left side
sagittal
which of the following does NOT drive the contents of the colon into the rectum?
segmentation
the surfaces of the bones at a gliding joint perform the movement(s) of
side to side movement
microvilli are most likely to be found in which type of tissue?
simple columnar epithelium
which of the following statements about sinusoids is TRUE?
sinusoids are found in the liver, spleen, and red bone marrow
the integument consists of which of the following?
skin and subcutaneous layer
concerning diarthroses, one may speculate that as mobility increases, _____ decreases
stability
the greatest amount of keratin in found where?
stratum corneum
cardiac muscle cells (fibers) have the following anatomical characteristics/
striations
the action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is
supination
which of the following is NOT a type of ligament that helps maintain the position of the uterus?
suspensory ligament
a ___ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage
symphysis
if a joint is enclosed in a tough connective tissue capsule and if it contains a joint cavity, it is classified as
synovial
together, the skin, hair, nails, glands, and associated muscles and nerves are an example of a
system
which joint shows the motions called elevation and depression?
temporomandibular
the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla (sphincter of Oddi) directly control the flow of bile between:
the common bile duct and the duodenum
which of the following statements is false?
the diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity
a good description for a ball and socket joint is
the only synovial joint that allows triaxial movement
most specifically, the heart is located in...
the pericardial cavity
the female gamete (ovum) is not formed until meiosis II is completed when:
the secondary oocyte has been fertilized by the sperm
a difference between veins and arteries is:
the tunica internal (intima) and tunica media are thinner in veins than in arteries
An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "the victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." this means:
the victim was struck on the chin
as keratinocytes move to the surface
they eventually die and are sloughed off
cortical nephrons lack one portion of the renal tubule that is found in juxtamedullary nephrons, the:
thin segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)
which one of the following is characteristic of spongy bone tissue, but not of compact bone tissue?
trabeculae
melanocytes synthesize melanin from which amino acid?
tryosine
the layers of an artery wall that is/are responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation is/are the ___:
tunica media
which of the following structures would not be located entering/exiting the renal hilum?
urethra
the structure attached to the soft palate that helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing is the ____
uvula
which of the following structures is NOT a portion of a nephron?
vasa recta
the ____ contain(s) the largest volume of blood when the body is at rest
veins and venules
