Anatomy Joint Movements and Examples
Carpometacarpal 1
Carpal and Metacarpal 1 Saddle, Synovial Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, diarthrotic
Carpometacarpal 2-5
Carpals and Metacarpals 2-5 Condylar, Synovial Flexion, Extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, diarthrotic
Skull
Cranial and facial bones Suture, fibrous Immovable, Synarthrotic
Knee (Femoropatellar)
Femur and Patella Plane, Synovial Sliding movement diarthrotic
Knee (Tibiofemoral)
Femur and Tibia Modified Hinge, Synovial Flexion, Extension, Slight Rotation when flexed, diarthrotic
Abduction
A B duction Moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body) or from the axial line of the limb (spreading finger or toes).
Adduction
A D duction Moving a part toward the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body) or toward the axial line of the limb (moving the fingers or toes closer together).
Hyperextension
A term sometimes used to describe the extension of the parts at a joint beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position). Often used to describe an abnormal extension beyond the normal range of motions, resulting in injury.
Intercarpal
Adjacent Carpals Plane, Synovial Sliding movement, adduction, abduction, cirumduction, diarthrotic
Interphalangeal
Adjacent Phalanges Hinge, Synovial Flexion, Extension, Diarthrotic
Intertarsal
Adjacent tarsals Plane, Synovial Inversion, Eversion, Diarthrotic
Atlantoaxial
Atlas, Axis Picot, Synovial Rotation, Diarthrotic
Atlanto-occipital
Atlas, Occipital Bone Condylar, Synovial Flexion, Extension, Diarthrotic
Flexion
Bending parts at a joint so that angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together. Example - Bending the Knee
Intervertebral (Plane)
Between Articular Processes Plane, Synovial Flexion, Extension, Slight Rotation
Intervertebral (Symphysis)
Between Vertebral Bodies Symphysis, Cartilaginous Slight movement, Amphiarthrotic
Hip
Hip Bone and Femur Ball-and-Socket Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, rotation, circumduction, diarthrotic
Elbow (Humeroradial)
Humerus and Radius Plane, Synovial Sliding movement, Diarthrotic
Shoulder (Glenohumeral)
Humerus and Scapula Ball-and-Socket Flexion and Extension, Adduction and Abduction, rotation, Circumduction, Diarthrotic
Elbow (Humero-ulnar)
Humerus and Ulna Hing, Synovial Flexion, Extension, Diarthrotic
Depression
Lowering a part, drooping the shoulders.
Metacarpophalangeal
Metacarpal and Proximal Phalanx Condylar, Synovial Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Cirumduction, diarthrotic
Metatarsophalangeal
Metatarsal and Proximal Phalanx Condylar, Synovial Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Diarthrotic
Dorsiflexion
Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin. Example - Pulling top of foot closer to the shin
Plantar Flexion
Movement at the ankle that brings the foot farther from the shin. Examples - Standing on Tippy Toes
Rotation
Moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side). Medial (internal) rotation is the turning of a lib on its longitudinal axis so its anterior surface moves toward the midline, whereas lateral (external) rotation is the turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis in the opposite direction.
Retraction
Moving a part backward. Example - Pulling the head backward.
Protraction
Moving a part forward. Example - Thrusting head forward
Circumduction
Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand).
Extension
Moving parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart. Example - Straightening the Knee
Pubic Sympysis
Pubic Bones Symphysis, Cartilaginous Slight movement, Amphiarthrotic
Wrist (Radiocarpal)
Radius and Carpals Condylar, Synovial Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Circumduction, Diarthrotic
Distal Radioulnar
Radius and Ulna Pivot, Synovial Pronation, Supination, Diarthrotic
Proximal Radioulnar
Radius and Ulna Pivot, Synovial Rotation, Diarthrotic
Elevation
Raising a part, shrugging the shoulders.
Pronation
Rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position). Prone refers to the body lying face down.
Supination
Rotation of the forearm so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position). Supine refers to the body lying face up.
Sacroilliac
Sacrum and Ilium Plane, Synovial Sliding Movement, Diarthrotic
Acromioclavicular
Scapula and Clavicle Plane, Synovial Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression, Rotation, Diarthrotic
Sternoclavicualr
Sternum and Clavicle Plane, Synovial Sliding movement when shrugging shoulders, Diarthrotic
Sternocostal (1)
Sternum and Rib 1 Synchondrosis, Cartilaginous Immovable, Synarthrotic
Sternocostal (2-7)
Sternum and Ribs (2-7) Plane, Synovial Sliding movement during breathing, Diarthrotic
Ankle (Talocrural)
Talus, Tibia and Fibula Hinge, Synovial Dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion, Slight Circumduction, Diarthroitc
Tarsometatarsal
Tarsals and Metatarsals Plane, Synovial Sliding Movement, Diarthrotic
Tempromandibular
Temporal Bone and mandible Modified hinge, synovial Elevation, Depression, Protraction, Retraction, Diarthrotic
Proximal TIbifibular
Tibia and Fibula Plane, Synovial Sliding Movement, Diarthrotic
Distal Tibiofibular
Tibia and Fibula Syndesmosis, Fibrous Slight Rotation During Dorsiflexion, amphiarthrotic
Eversion
Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally.
Inversion
Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially.
Vertebrocostal
Vertebrae and Ribs Plane, Synovial Sliding movement during breathing, Diarthrotic