Anthro Exam 2 - Reading Q's
What is the observable expression of physical traits called? A - a mutation B - a phenotype
B
A way of classifying people based on common histories, cultural patterns, social ties, language use, and symbolic shared identities is called: A - Nationality B - Race C - Ethnicity D - Class
C
Human aggression is an evolutionary adaptation. True False
False
Humans are divided into biological categories called races. True False
False
Increased testosterone causally increases aggression in males. True False
False
Individuals always make decisions based on what is best for themselves. True False
False
Linnaeus developed a taxonomic system to categorize life on Earth. His assessment of racial categories as they fit into this taxonomic system was scientific. True False
False
Marmosets are the most socially active primate. True False
False
Men and women are more different than they are similar due to separate evolutionary histories. True False
False
Most humans are violent on a daily basis. True False
False
Pair bonds can only be sexual. True False
False
Pheromones play a significant role in the attraction between men and women. True False
False
All the genetic variation in the world is a subset of the variation found in populations on the African continent. True False
True
Culture and mating expectations plays a role in sexual behaviors in the human species. True False
True
Social and cultural norms provide context for violence. True False
True
Darwin's theory of evolution has been __________________ by molecular and genetic science. A - supported and strengthened B - disproven C - shown to be inconsistent
A
Which statement best describes the phrase "survival of the fittest"? A - It is a phrase that Herbert Spencer first used to promote social Darwinism. B - It refers to changes in species over time.
A
Which of these is NOT characteristic of H. erectus? A - long legs and agility B - increase in meat eating C - increasing prognathism D - increasing brain size
C
Which species was long regarded as the earliest hominin to use stone tools? A - Australopithecus afarensis B - Homo sapiens C - Homo habilis D - Homo erectus
C
Women are evolutionarily designed to raise children alone whereas men are not. True False
False
Races of humans can be biologically distinguished by: A - Blood B - Skin Color C - Geographic origin D - Religion and ethnicity E - Body and cranial shape F - All of the above G - None of the above
G
Acheulean tools were modified on both sides, resulting in a symmetrical tool with two faces, also known as _____________. A - a flake B - flint knapping C - a core D - a biface
D
Primates spend the majority of their time in aggressive behavior. True False
False
Race is a valid way to talk about human biological variation. True False
False
Races have unique blood types. True False
False
Sickle cell disease supports racial categories, serving as a possible starting point for classifying races. True False
False
The fact that aspects of our societies are biased toward male control is part of our evolutionary heritage. True False
False
The one gene that controls aggression is located on the 17th chromosome. True False
False
Intersexed individuals are fairly common in the human species. True False
True
Gender works as a cultural perception because it is a core part of the social fabric in which we develop our schemata, the way we see and interpret the world. True False
True
Humans are generally cooperative. True False
True
Humans can be monogamous, but our bodies and minds are not specifically designed for it. True False
True
What are the two main primate groups? A - Strepsirrhine and Haplorrhine B - Cercopithecoidea and Hominidae C - monkeys and apes D - Platyrrhine and Catarrhine
A
What is French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck best known for? A - the theory of macroevolution B - the theory of uniformitarianism C - the theory of catastrophism
A
What is the oldest known stone tool industry? A - Oldowan B - Clovis C - Mousterian
A
Why is the term biological anthropology preferred over the term physical anthropology? A - The term physical anthropology became associated with scientific racism. B - The term biological anthropology better shows the integration of biology into the field. C - The term physical anthropology does not take into account genetics. D - The term physical anthropology included primatology.
A
The fact that aspects of our societies are biased toward male control is part of our social reality. True False
True
What is the FOXP2 gene? A - a gene found only in modern H. sapiens B - a gene that is linked to the ability to understand complex language
B
Which region of the brain is associated with speech development? A - frontal region B - Broca's area C - cerebellum D - FOXP2
B
The sociocultural reality of race and racism has biological consequences. True False
True
The term _______ refers to all species considered to be in direct lineage to modern humans, while the term _____________ refers to all present and extinct great apes. A - Hominidae; hominins B - Homo sapiens; hominids C - hominids; hominins D - hominins; hominids
D
How was the natural world viewed by most Europeans before the 19th century? A - as a static hierarchy that included God, angels, humans, and other life forms B - as an analogy of the evolutionary process C - as a visual representation of the tree of life
A
The variations seen in modern humans are largely the result of adaptations to the environment. Which of these is NOT an example of an adaptation? A - the prevalence of hemophilia in certain population groups B - Andeans who live in high altitudes having higher concentrations of hemoglobin in their blood
A
Venus figurines, cave art, and artifacts made with bone and antler are largely associated with what time period? A - Upper Paleolithic B - Neolithic agricultural age C - Middle Paleolithic D - Lower Paleolithic
A
Which of the following best defines biological anthropology? A - the exploration of human biological variation and their evolutionary past B - a merging of sciences and anthropology C - the study of animal remains at an archaeological site D - the investigative analysis of human remains at a crime scene
A
The long history humans share with lice is a good example of _____________. A - a mutual symbiotic relationship B - coevolution C - a parasitic infestation that leads to disease D - evolutionary divergence
B
What is the correct expression of the scientific name for the monarch butterfly? A - Danaus plexippus B - Danaus plexippus C - Danaus Plexippus D - danaus plexippus
B
What is the name for the period in which human activity has been the dominant influence on Earth's climate and the natural environment? A - Agricultural age B - Anthropocene epoch C - ice age
B
Which of the following does NOT explain the variation of skin pigmentation in humans? A - degree of exposure to UV radiation and level of vitamin D absorption B - Mendelian heredity C - distance one lives from the equator
B
Which of these occurs when two populations of the same species become isolated from one another due to a geographic barrier? A - sympatric speciation B - allopatric speciation C - mutation D - bottleneck effect
B
______________, or brain lateralization, is a cognitive development that can be inferred through right- or left-hand dominance in the construction and use of early hominin tools. A - Encephalization quotient B - Handedness C - FOXP2
B
Mendelian inheritance explains some 5,000 human traits. Most genetic expressions, however, are not the result of Mendelian heredity but rather are_______________. A - dependent on the law of segregation B - the expression of a dominant trait C - polygenic traits
C
The study of improving the human population by controlling the gene pool and gene flow is called: A - Racialization B - Genetics C - Eugenics D - Phrenology
C
What genetic material found in the mitochondria is passed on only through the mother? A - nuclear DNA B - mitosis C - mtDNA
C
Which of the following considers both physical and molecular evidence to formulate hypotheses on the evolutionary relationship of species? A - taxonomy B - physical characteristics C - phylogenetics D - Linnaean classification
C
Which of the following is associated with the Lower Paleolithic? A - H. neanderthalensis and the Mousterian tool industry B - emergence of cave art like that found in the famous Chauvet Cave in France C - H. habilis and the Oldowan tool industry D - Paleoindian Clovis points
C
Which of the following is not considered a subfield of biological anthropology? A - primatology B - paleoanthropology C - cultural anthropology D - genetic anthropology
C
Economics, subsistence, political systems, and religious systems require cooperation. True False
True
Evidence of actual deaths from spears and bows and arrows is only found in modern humans starting 8,000-10,000 years ago. True False
True
The culturally influenced perception of what the sexes are and the roles they are expected to play is called gender. True False
True
The majority of human genetic variation is found within populations rather than between populations. True False
True
The prefrontal cortex and the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex are central to the expression of behavior. True False
True
The pseudo-science of eugenics is still part of how the public thinks about race and genetics. True False
True
