Antibiotics (Quiz 2)

Semi-synthetic antibiotics are chemical derivatives of antibiotics that are produced naturally often active on a broader spectrum of bacteria known to have increased side effects A and B A, B and C

A and B

After replication, plasmid DNA has which of the following outcomes? A. Plasmid DNA can be replicated to a high or low number of molecules B. Plasmid DNA is distributed evenly to the daughter cells C. Plasmid DNA can eventually be lost from the bacterial population A and B A and C

A and C

Which of the following has contributed to the increase of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria? genetic transfer between species that is facilitated by plasmids and transposons close proximity of pathogens in a hospital setting overuse and inappropriate prescription A and B A, B and C

A, B and C

Which of the following statements about antibiotics is true? A. Antibiotics typically target cellular components that are common among bacterial species. B. Naturally occurring antibiotics are typically effective on a wide spectrum of bacterial species C. In the absence of the antibiotic, resistant bacteria typically are more fit for survival than their wild-type counterparts. A and B A, B and C

A. Antibiotics typically target cellular components that are common among bacterial species.

Autonomous replication of a plasmid in a bacterial cell A. is possible because it has an origin for replication. B. is possible because it uses enzymes not compatible with the chromosome. C. refers to the ability of plasmids to move in and out of the chromosome. A and B A and C

A. is possible because it has an origin for replication.

Which of the following is not a recognized mechanism for antibiotic resistance? presence of a drug-inactivating enzyme efflux pumps that actively eliminate the antibiotic an alteration in the target site a natural barrier at the cell surface All of the above are recognized mechanisms for antibiotic resistance

All of the above are recognized mechanisms for antibiotic resistance

Transpeptidases are also known as penicillin binding proteins (PBP). These proteins A. primarily function to combat anti-microbial activity. B. are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane C. are involved in cell wall synthesis. D. inhibit non-growing bacteria B and C

B and C

Antibiotics bind to various bacterial components, stopping growth or resulting in death. Match the following antibiotics on the left with their molecular target on the right. Methicillin Vancomycin Tetracycline Fluoroquinolones Erythromycin Ampicillin Cephalosporin Streptomycin Penicillin Bactrim

Methicillin - Transpeptidase (PBP) Vancomycin - Tetrapeptide Tetracycline - Ribosome subunit Fluoroquinolones - Nucleic acid enzyme Erythromycin - Ribosome subunit Ampicillin - Transpeptidase (PBP) Cephalosporin - Transpeptidase (PBP) Streptomycin - Ribosome subunit Penicillin - Transpeptidase (PBP) Bactrim - enzymes for folic acid

Match the antibiotics on the left with their mechanism of action on the right Penicillin Ampicillin Methicillin Cephalosporin Vancomycin Streptomycin Tetracycline Quinolones is Bactrim - sulfa drugs Erythromycin

Penicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis Ampicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis Methicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis Cephalosporin inhibits cell wall synthesis Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis Streptomycin inhibits protein synthesis Tetracycline inhibits protein synthesis Quinolones inhibits nucleic acid synthesis Bactrim - sulfa drugs inhibits folic acid synthesis Erythromycin inhibits protein synthesis

Augmentin is a new class of antibiotic that contains amoxicillin (penicillin derivative), PLUS another compound that will specifically inhibit the factor that provides a pathogen with resistance to ampicillin. What will be the target of the inhibitor that is included in this antibiotic? 30S ribosome 50 S ribosome beta-lactamase membrane carrier enzyme for tetrahydrofolate synthesis

beta-lactamase

Antibiotics that are most likely to disrupt the bacteria normally colonizing the body (normal flora) are narrow spectrum broad spectrum targeted spectrum semi-synthetic totally synthetic

broad spectrum

Transposons and plasmids have which of the following characteristics in common? small self-replicating molecules of double-stranded DNA have been associated with a rapid rise in antibiotic resistance are typically circular in structure are required to facilitate the transfer of chromosomal DNA will only be maintained in a single species of bacteria

have been associated with a rapid rise in antibiotic resistance

A beta-lactamase would interfere with protein synthesis inactivate vancomycin inactivate ampicillin block membrane transporters block DNA replication

inactivate ampicillin

Cell wall transpeptidases (PBP) primarily function to combat anti-microbial activity work in the cytoplasm to create peptide bonds between amino acids that have been altered by mutation may show resistance to antibiotics are induced in stationary phase to provide protection to non-growing bacteria are secreted by bacteria to digest extracellular proteins

that have been altered by mutation may show resistance to antibiotics

It is inappropriate to prescribe antibiotics to treat colds or flu because the microbes involved can develop resistance rapidly these diseases are transmitted by endospores, which are hard to kill these diseased exhibit cross resistance these diseases are typically caused by viruses No answer text provided.

these diseases are typically caused by viruses