Antropology Final

Neandertal fossil remains have been found to reach as far back as ________ years ago.

130,000

The Skhūl site is dated to approximately ________ years ago.

130,000-100,000

According to the most recent evidence, the first modern Homo sapiens evolved in Africa around _______ years ago.

200,000

Currently, there are approximately _______ species of non-human primates.

230

How many chromosomes occur in a normal human somatic cell?

46

Charles Darwin was not the only one to conceive of natural selection. Who published an article suggesting current species were descended from others?

Alfred Russel Wallace

Which contemporary of Charles Darwin also developed a theory of evolution by means of natural selection?

Alfred Russel Wallace

_________ is the practical application of the subfield of anthropology.

Applied anthropology

Forensic anthropologist ________________?

Apply anthropological techniques to the law

The hominin fossils from Laetoli and Hadar are classified by most researchers as?

Australopithecus afarensis

____________ refined existing system of classifying biological organisms into a binomial system

Carolus Linnaeus

The Y chromosome

Carries a gene that causes a fetus to develop as male

What is the view that the extinction in the subsequent appearance of more modern forms would be explained by a series of disasters and creations?

Catastrophism

Where was Sahelanthropus discovered?

Central Africa

__________ wrote the highly praised principles of geology in which was emphasized the principle of uniformitarianism

Charles Lyell

What strategy is unique to humans develop that allows them to adapt to the natural environment?

Culture

Which of the following statements is not true?

Dominance hierarchies create aggression and therefore do not impose a degree of order in primate societies.

The majority of Neandertal fossils been found in _____________where they have been most studied.

Europe

All cultures share the same worldview

False

Although excavations at Olduvai Gorge have yielded abundant archaeological traces, no hominin remains have ever been found there.

False

Lagar Velho is an important Upper Paleolithic site located in the Near East.

False

What is the believe that species do not change but are the same as when first created known as?

Fixity of species

Studies have shown that UV radiation rapidly depletes ______, which plays a crucial role in neural tube development of the embryo.

Folate

What can be said about the dispersal of Middle Pleistocene hominins?

For the first time Europe became more permanently and densely occupied

In protein synthesis, the process call transcription is which of the following?

Formation of a mRNA molecule

The two basic types of cells are somatic cells and

Gametes

A zygote

Has the potential to develop into a new individual

DNA ______

Is composed of nucleotides

Which of the following is true of the relativistic view of culture?

It allows us to understand other people's concerns and to view our own culture from a broader perspective.

Which of the following statements concerning RNA is false?

It contains the same sugar as found in DNA.

What is the benefit of an atlatl?

It is used to increase the force and distance of a spear throw.

Who was the first to recognize the role of the environment as a significant factor in evolutionary change

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

____________ first recognize that species were groups of organisms that were distinguished from other such groups by their ability to meet with one another and produce fertile offspring

John Ray

Primatology is the study of?

Living nonhuman primate

The fact that individuals who possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those who posses less favorable traits is the basis for which theory?

Natural Selection

Where have the fossil remains of the Miocene Hominoids NOT been found?

North America

The remains discovered from the Tugen Hills, dated to about 6 million years ago have been placed in which genus?

Orrorin

Which of the following is not one of the subfield of Anthropology in the United States?

Psychological

"Fitness" In an evolutionary sense, refers to an individuals

Reproductive success

According to the current evidence discussed in the text, which of the following statement is true?

Some nonhuman primates appear to give specific alarm calls that refer to particular categories of predators.

Which of the following does not apply to theories?

Specific statements of scientific relationships that have not been verified

Which of the following is not a chronometric dating method?

Stratigraphy

Where are old world monkeys found?

Sub Saharan Africa, southern Asia, and northern Japan

The DNA base adenine always pairs with which other DNA base?

Thymine

Developmental acclimatization occurs in high-altitude natives during growth and development.

True

Francis Galton, Darwin's cousin, originated the eugenics approach to "race improvement."

True

Genetic evidence indicates that all native Australians are descendants of a single migration 50 kya.

True

Large primate groups are advantageous because they increase the likelihood of early predator detection.

True

Premodern Homo sapiens continued to live in caves and open-air sites, but may also have increased their use of caves.

True

Remains of early genus Homo have been found in both East and South Africa.

True

The human predisposition to assimilate culture and function within it is profoundly influenced by biological factors.

True

Compared to Homo erectus, the cranium of the earliest premodern Homo sapiens exhibit?

a more rounded braincase

Acclimatization refers to which of the following?

an individual's short-term physiological responses to the environment

What causes rickets?

an insufficient amount of vitamin D

According to the complete replacement model, anatomically modern Homo sapiens first appeared in Africa?

and migrated to other areas completely displacing all premodern H.sapiens populations without interbreeding with them

Lascaux and Altamira?

are famous for their elaborate cave paintings

The Kow Swamp remains?

are more robust than the Lake Mungo remains

Which of the following are not hominoids?

baboons

Arms that are longer than the legs, and a short stable lumbar spine are traits associated with?

brachiation

In nonhuman primates, the hormonally initiated period of sexual receptivity is?

called estrus

The tool technology of premodern Homo sapiens in the Middle Pleistocene?

carried over from the Acheulian tools of Homo erectus with little change until near the end of the period

Which of the following would be best suited to the carbon-14 dating technique?

certain organic materials less than 75,000 years old

During glacial peaks, much of western Europe would have been?

cut off from the rest of Eurasia

Monkeys raised without mothers in captivity

did not know how to care for infants

What is chest slapping by gorillas an example of?

display

As a general rule, what do larger animals require?

fewer calories per unit of weight than smaller animals

What is a complete sequence of DNA bases that specifies the order of amino acids in an entire protein or portion of protein, or any functional product?

gene

According to the Regional Continuity Model, ________ prevented local populations of premodern Homo sapiens from becoming separate species.

gene flow

What is the component of red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport?

hemoglobin

Biological systems are balanced systems maintained by the interaction of physiological mechanisms that compensate for both external and internal changes. Such a balanced system is in?

homeostasis

The Upper Paleolithic?

is divided into five different industries, based on stone tool technologies

The Mousterian stone tool tradition?

is not always associated with just Neandertals, since sometimes it is found with modern humans.

The evolutionary development of the species H. sapiens?

is the result of both genetic and environmental factors

Cultural behaviors observed in wild chimpanzees include the following except?

language

Vertical clinging and leaping is a locomotor pattern frequently practiced by which of the following?

lemurs and tarsiers

Which of the following are not apes?

macaques

The genetic evidence from Neandertal remains that is used in studying most Neandertal fossils is in the form of?

mtDNA

Permanent male-female bonds are

not common among nonhuman primates

Mountain gorilla social groups are usually composed of?

one or two adult silverback males, a few adult females and their immature offspring

Sweating?

permits cooling through evaporation

The study of human biology within the framework of human evolution can be said to be the domain of which of the following?

physical/biological anthropology

Using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion is called?

quadrupedalism

Species producing relatively large numbers of offspring and invest little parental care are?

r-selected

Sexual dimorphism?

refers to differences between the sexes with regard to features such as body size

In its most common biological usage, the term race?

refers to the geographically patterned phenotypic variation within a species

Ecological factors influencing primate social behavior include which of the following?

the distribution of food and water, predators, and nutritional value of foods

Before hominins made stone tools, they probably?

used sticks or other perishable materials

Population geneticists use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation to determine?

whether allele frequencies in a population are changing

Some assumptions about the hunting capabilities of premodern humans have been challenged by an interesting archaeological find at Schöningen. What did they find?

wood spears