CHAPTER 11/12 anatomy ,

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is

3, 5, 1, 4, 2.

The average life span of a red blood cell is about

4 months.

Blood is approximately ________ percent plasma by volume.

46-63

A normal WBC count is about ________ cells per liter.

6000-9000

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced.

Anemia

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means

Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

________ is the characteristic of WBCs that allow them to enter surrounding tissue by squeezing between adjacent epithelial cells in the capillary wall.

Diapedesis

________ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood.

Erythrocytes

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?

Factor X

As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?

Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen.

________ are large phagocytic WBCs that remain in circulation for only about 24 hours before entering peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages.

Monocytes

Red blood cells result from the divisions of ________, which are multipotent stem cells.

Red blood cells result from the divisions of ________, which are multipotent stem cells.

Type AB blood contains

agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B.

Agglutinins

are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type.

The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

basophils.

The function of hemoglobin is to

bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The main event of the coagulation phase is

conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Drifting blood clots, air bubbles, or fat globules are called ________.

emboli

A hemoglobin molecule contains

four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions.

The primary function of white blood cells is to

help defend the body against infectious organisms

The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements is termed (the) ________.

hematocrit

The inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed

hemophilia.

A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of eosinophils. This would indicate that the tissue was

infected by parasites.

When foreign cells attack the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of

lymphocytes.

The white blood cells that are important in leaving the blood vessels and phagocytizing large materials, releasing chemicals that draw fibroblasts to the injured areas, are

monocytes.

The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the ________.

neutrophil

A toxin that blocks the stomach's ability to release intrinsic factor would most likely cause

pernicious anemia.

During fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot?

plasmin

As repairs proceed, a blood clot gradually dissolves in a process that begins with the activation of ________.

plasminogen

Thrombocytopenia is defined as a deficiency of

platelets.

A person's blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane.

The chief difference between plasma and serum involves the

presence/absence of clotting proteins.

The process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood?

restricting fluid losses at injury sites

After 24 hours in circulation, the ________ complete their maturation and become indistinguishable from other mature RBCs.

reticulocytes

Agglutinogens of the various blood types are examples of

surface antigens.

The common pathway of coagulation ends with

the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by

the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen.

A blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called a(n)

thrombus.

Calcium ions and ________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process.

vitamin K

The term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together.

whole blood