ap art history africa and oceania

how were the easter island heads moved

"they walked", shape of head takes rope, 3 groups of people could rock it and move it, slid on bellies as well

what three ppl were associated with the nkisi n'kondi making and what the most common nkisi n'kondi

#1=client, #2=shaman, #3=sculpter; standing man with knife/spear in hand

when was the independence of all of africa

1960-1970's

what did the reliquary figure (byeri) represent

3 elements of society: not yet born (big head, long body), alive, dead (closed eyes)

what was the malagan display and mask used for and what events happened simultaneously

a festival to transfer a person to the afterlife; marriages, festivals, dances

what did the nkisi n'kondi represent, how was it "activated", and what was its actual purpose

a locus of magical power that harnessed spiritual power for personal needs; activated by sticking a nail in it; essentially a box or container

what was the ndop supposed to represent and what was on the ndop

a spirit of a dead king; and emblem or symbol that was used for memory sakes or as spiritual power

who was the warrior and what are the characteristics of the verdana post

ahkmed; frontal, hieratic scale (outstripped horse), left hand=spear for power, right hand=pistol for modern

characteristics of the easter island heads

also included torso, originally tot nots, red igneous rocks, painted eyes, 12-30ft in height, prominent bellies, faced inward towards the island

aka elephant mask location and date

bamileke (cameroon, west grassfield region); 19th-20th century ce

what is macro linear

being able to trace ancestry from women

female deity characteristics

blank faces, dressed/decorated, slight hands, specific gods (male/female figure- very plain), made of wood

characteristics of bundu mask

bow shaped mouth, high forehead, wooden breasts/butt, elaborate hair

what religions rose in sub-saharan africa

christianity and islam

nkisi n'kondi (power figure) location, date, and people associated with it

congo; late 19th century ce; kongo peoples

what is scarification and where did it occur

cutting into skin to create a pattern (caused raised area); west africa

what did the easter island head represent and what are the other names for the volcanic rock

dead kings and chiefs; tufa and basalt

ndop of king mishe (mishyaany mambul) location, date, people associated with it

democratic republic of congo; 1760-1780 ce; kuba peoples

lukasa (memory board) location, date, and people/society associated with it

democratic republic of congo; 19th-20th cent ce; luba people, mbudge society

female (pwo) mask location, date, and people associated with it

democratic republic of congo; late 19th-early 20th century ce; chokwe peoples

what was the king of the sika bwa koi (golden stool) seen as, what was the significance of what he wore, and what is the color of royalty

divine; under umbrella=below heaven, sandals=above earth; gold

characteristics of the reliquary figure (byeri)

exaggerated muscles, 18 inches, stylized, elongated, closed eye

lost wax method and why its called the lost wax method

fired until hard, put layer of wax and wax defines details of person, put in bucket or hole and wax extracted then pour plaster, wax melts out, then pour in liquid metal; wax melts out

where are the embellishments from the verdana post found

horse, king, barrels, and waistband of women

who influenced the wall plaque from boas palace and what was the name of their king called

ife; oni

characteristics of the ndop

large head (1/3 head, 2/3 body), somewhat stylized but more naturalistic

what are the types of bronzes, the amount of plaques made, and what the bronzes actually were

leopards (symbols of king), heads of former kings, bronze plaques; 900; brass

bundu mask location, date, and people/society associated with it

liberia and sierra leone (west africa); 19th-20th century ce; mende peoples, sande society

what are the three different lukasa and what do they help you remember

long hand of pigeon: myths, long hand of hawk: government, long hand of sacred pool: secret government knowledge

what is significant about the female (pwo) mask and what did it represent

made by men and worn by men for the initiation or coming of age for boys; spirit form of ancestors and older women

what was the theme of art in africa

magical powers

what came from climatic issues

malaria, tse-tse fly

what is the use of the navigation chart and what is unique about it

maps of the wave patterns (diagonal lines=wave patterns, vertical lines=base of chart); only the maker could read the chart

navigation chart location and date

marshal islands, micronesia; 19th-20th century ce

what does buk mean and what are its characteristics

mask; turtle shell, rafia, feathers, different registers with highly stylized beads

what are the characteristics of the wall plaque from obas palace

more naturalistic although still stylized, very frontal, larg head, oba on horseback, floral patterns

malagan display and mask location and date

new ireland province, papua new guinea; 20th century ce

veranda post location, date, people associated with it, and the artist

nigeria; 10th century, before 1938; yoruba people; olowe of ise

wall plaque from obas palace location, date, and people associated with it

nigeria; 16th century ce; edo peoples

ikenga figures location, date, and people associated with it

nigeria; 19th-20th century ce; ibo peoples

why is africa known as the "white man's grave"

no major rivers south of the sahara

what is the lukasa supposed to be, what is it supposed to help remember, and what does it mean

numonic device; placement/arrangements helped to remember events; long hand/claw

what is the name of the divine king of the aka elephant mask and what did the leopard and elephant represent

phan; leopard=ferocity, elephant=power

what does ikenga mean, what occurred on it forehead/head, and what was the ikenga figure not

place of strength; scarification; not a portrait

what was the reliquary figure (byeri) used for and when was it not sacred

placed over box or crate that contained bones as a guardian of the relics; not sacred when off the box

nan madol location, date, and era

pohnpei, micronesia; 700-1600 ce; saudeleur dynasty and renissance era

what are the 3 parts of oceania

polynesia, micronesia, melanesia

what did the aka elephant mask represent and what was it linked to

prestige and talisman; linked to power and possession

what was the island of nan madol made up of and what was 1/3 of the island devoted to

prismatic volcanic rock; morturary section

who did Mauwer believe made great zimbabwe and why

queen of sheeba; nothing like that in africa during that time period

moai on platform location, date, and people associated with it

rapa nui (easter island); 1100-1600ce; rapa nui people

characteristics of the aka elephant mask

red feathers, beaded, worn with leopard skin, zig-zag motif, highly stylized

signs of kingship

rings, cowry shells, hieratic scale, central figure, head dress

what is the type of communication used for the female deity and how many boards are left

rongo rongo; 4

what is the meaning of zimbabwe and what was named after it

ruins; the country zimbabwe

what was the purpose of the verdana post and and what is the name of women as posts and men as posts

sculpture serving as a column; charyatiadas=women as columns; atlantias=men as columns

nkisi n'kondi characteristics

small (3 feet); material=wood

characteristics of the ikenga figure

small, personal shrine/figure, locus of spiritual power for one person, horns, it can be a recognized human figure with horns or just very stylized

reliquary figure (byeri) location, date, and people associated with it

south cameroon; 19th-20th century ce; fang peoples

sika bwa koi (golden stool) location, date, and people associated with it

south central ghana; 1700 ce; ashanti people

what does the women represent in the verdana post

spiritual (kneeling) and due to nudeness=fertility (according to yoruba people)

female deity location and date

stole of nukuoro micronesia; 18th-19th century ce

what did the saudeleur dynasty rule over, who established it, and what was it based on

the 100 islands of pohnpei; 2 magician brothers; system of tribute, had to bring food in

what was the controversy concerning the wall plaque from obas palace

the 900 plaques were taken and there are attempts to get them returned to nigeria after the british looted them

what did the bundu mask reference

the chrysalis of butterflies

who did the yeroba people teach to make plaques

the edo peoples of benin

what is an oba and what is the subject of the bronze plaques

the king of benin

buk (mask) location and date

torres strait (between australia and new guinea); mid to late 19th-20th century ce

what was the purpose of great zimbabwe and the name of the most known site

used as a royal court; great enclosure

what was the bundu mask used for and why was it a rare exception

used to initiate girls before marriage; women normally didn't wear masks even if they depicted women

characteristics of female (pwo) mask and what is raffia

used vegetable lining, angular (older), tatto: marks under eyes=tears; plant fibers (looked like hair)

characteristics of ife head

very naturalistic, made of wood

who was the ikenga figure made for and what do the objects in its hands represent

warrior; sword in right=power; head in left=soldier prestige/rank

what items were placed inside nkisi n'kondi and what are the materials

white clay from graveyard (most common), mouse for speed, claws from bird of prey, mirrors for eyes and intended as sense of life; bilongo

characteristics of the lukasa

wooden plates, not very large, hourglass shaped with divided decorated edge (beads carvings, cowry shells)

ife head people associated with it

yeroba peoples

conical tower and circular wall of great zimbabwe location, date, era it corresponds to, and people associated with it

zimbabwe; 1000-1400ce; roughly to Middle Ages; shona people