AP Bio Chapter 6

42) Which of the following statements incorrectly describes common structural features of an animal secretory cell and a photosynthetic plant cell? A) Both cells have Golgi apparatus. B) Both cells have mitochondria. C) Both cells have chloroplasts. D) Both cells have a plasma membrane. E) Both cells have a nucleus.

C) Both cells have chloroplasts.

30) Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein excretion in prokaryotic cells? A) Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to excrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. B) The mechanism of protein excretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. C) Proteins that are excreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. D) In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. E) Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of proteins out of the cell.

C) Proteins that are excreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

67) Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through A) plasmodesmata. B) intermediate filaments. C) tight junctions. D) desmosomes. E) gap junctions

E) gap junctions

26) Which of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or secretion? A) ribosome B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi body D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum E) lysosome

E) lysosome

46) All of the following are correct matches of the location of a protein and the location of its synthesis except A) plasma membrane protein-rough ER. B) mitochondrial membrane protein-free cytoplasmic ribosomes. C) cytoplasmic proteins-free cytoplasmic ribosomes. D) chloroplast stromal protein-chloroplast ribosomes. E) mitochondrial matrix protein-rough ER

E) mitochondrial matrix protein-rough ER

25) Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? A) Golgi → lysosome → ER → plasma membrane B) tonoplast → plasma membrane → nuclear envelope → smooth ER C) nuclear envelope → lysosome → Golgi → plasma membrane D) rough ER → vesicles → Golgi → plasma membrane E) ER → chloroplasts → mitochondrion → cell membrane

D) rough ER → vesicles → Golgi → plasma membrane

4) A primary objective of cell fractionation is to A) view the structure of cell membranes. B) identify the enzymes outside the organelles. C) determine the size of various organelles. D) separate the major organelles so their particular functions can be determined. E) crack the cell wall so the cytoplasmic contents can be released.

D) separate the major organelles so their particular functions can be determined.

31) produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

D. Golgi Apparatus

6) Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge? A) ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria B) chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles C) nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts D) vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus E) nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

E) nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

19) Which of the following incorrectly matches the type of cell, type of protein, and site of the protein's synthesis? A) prokaryote, cytoplasmic protein, free cytoplasmic ribosome B) eukaryote, plasma membrane protein, rough ER C) prokaryote, plasma membrane protein, ribosome bound to plasma membrane D) eukaryote, cytoplasmic protein, free cytoplasmic ribosome E) prokaryote, secreted protein, free cytoplasmic ribosome

E) prokaryote, secreted protein, free cytoplasmic ribosome

9) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except A) DNA. B) a cell wall. C) a plasma membrane. D) ribosomes. E) an endoplasmic reticulum.

E) an endoplasmic reticulum.

59) All of the following structures and proteins are directly associated with movement in cells or by cells except A) cilia. B) dynein. C) actin. D) flagella. E) centrosomes.

E) centrosomes

18) Which of the following organelles is not a common destination for small vesicles that bud off the Golgi apparatus? A) plasma membrane B) lysosomes C) vacuole D) endoplasmic reticulum E) all of the above

D) endoplasmic reticulum

27) The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that A) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope. B) the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system. C) the nuclear envelope is physically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. D) small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope. E) nuclear pore complexes contain proteins

A) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope.

56) Which of the following possesses a microtubular structure similar to a basal body? A) centriole B) lysosome C) nucleolus D) peroxisome E) ribosome

A) centriole

47) Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy? A) chloroplasts B) mitochondria C) leucoplasts D) peroxisomes E) Golgi bodies

A) chloroplasts

53) Of the following, which cell structure would most likely be visible with a light microscope that has been manufactured to the maximum resolving power possible? A) mitochondrion B) microtubule C) ribosome D) largest microfilament E) nuclear pore

A) mitochondrion

22) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? A) rough ER B) lysosomes C) plasmodesmata D) Golgi vesicles E) tight junctions

A) rough ER

51) Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. All of the following are part of the cytoskeleton except A) the nuclear envelope. B) microtubules. C) microfilaments. D) intermediate filaments. E) actin

A) the nuclear envelope

49) Which of the following is not a known function of the cytoskeleton? A) to maintain a critical limit on cell size B) to provide mechanical support to the cell C) to maintain the characteristic shape of the cell D) to hold mitochondria and other organelles in place within the cytosol E) to assist in cell motility by interacting with specialized motor proteins

A) to maintain a critical limit on cell size

12) plasma membrane A. a feature of all cells B. found in prokaryotic cells only C. found in eukaryotic cells only D. found in plant cells only E. found in animal cells only

A. a feature of all cells

32) contains hydrolytic enzymes A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

A. lysosome

33) helps to recycle the cell's organic material A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

A. lysosome

65) The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via A) gap junctions. B) the nucleus. C) DNA and RNA. D) integrins. E) plasmodesmata.

D) integrins

58) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is incorrect? A) The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a few simple types of proteins into large aggregates. B) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, while microtubules resist tension (stretching). C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would prevent many different processes in cells. E) Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system depend on the function of the cytoskeleton

B) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, while microtubules resist tension (stretching).

20) Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes? A) a cell that is secreting proteins B) a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes C) a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix D) a cell that is digesting food particles E) a cell that is enlarging its vacuole

B) a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes

40) Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in A) vacuoles. B) chloroplasts. C) mitochondria. D) lysosomes. E) nuclei.

B) chloroplasts.

61) Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is not correct? A) cell wall: support, protection B) chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respiration C) chromosomes: genetic control information D) ribosomes: site of protein synthesis E) mitochondria: formation of ATP

B) chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respiration

29) In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization? A) chloroplast B) lysosome C) central vacuole D) peroxisome E) glyoxysome

B) lysosome

1) What limits the resolving power of a light microscope? A) the type of lens used to magnify the object under study B) the shortest wavelength of light used to illuminate the specimen C) the type of lens that focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen D) the type of heavy metal or dye that is used to stain the specimen E) the ratio of an object's image to its real size

B) the shortest wavelength of light used to illuminate the specimen

5) In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is A) the relative solubility of the component. B) the size and weight of the component. C) the percentage of carbohydrates in the component. D) the number of enzymes in the fraction. E) the presence or absence of lipids in the component.

B) the size and weight of the component.

14) nucleoid A. a feature of all cells B. found in prokaryotic cells only C. found in eukaryotic cells only D. found in plant cells only E. found in animal cells only

B. found in prokaryotic cells only

36) a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

B. vacuole

38) a versatile plant compartment that may hold reserves of organic compounds or inorganic ions A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

B. vacuole

62) The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is not a characteristic of all of these extracellular structures? A) They must be highly permeable to water and small molecules in order to allow cells to exchange matter and energy with their environment. B) They must permit information transfer between the cell's external environment and the cytoplasm. C) They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. D) They are constructed of materials that are largely synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell. E) They are composed of a mixture of proteins and carbohydrates

C) They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume.

2) When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use A) a light microscope. B) a scanning electron microscope. C) a transmission electronic microscope. D) A and C only E) A, B, and C

C) a transmission electronic microscope.

8) Which of the following are prokaryotic cells? A) plants B) fungi C) bacteria D) animals E) B and C only

C) bacteria

66) Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? A) peroxisomes B) desmosomes C) gap junctions D) extracellular matrix E) tight junctions

C) gap junctions

3) The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that A) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy. B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy. C) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells. D) both A and B E) both B and C

C) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.

52) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) nucleolus-ribosomal RNA B) nucleus-DNA replication C) lysosome-protein synthesis D) cell membrane-lipid bilayer E) cytoskeleton-microtubules

C) lysosome - protein synthesis

60) All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in terms of composition? A) microtubules B) microfilaments C) plant cell walls D) intermediate filaments E) nuclear lamina

C) plant cell walls

10) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. D) animal cells are more spherical, while plant cells are elongated. E) the basic functions of plant cells are very different from those of animal cells.

C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

63) When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion? A) plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → tonoplast B) secondary cell wall → plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → tonoplast C) primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → tonoplast D) primary cell wall → plasma membrane → tonoplast → cytoplasm → vacuole E) tonoplast → primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm

C) primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → tonoplast

16) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A) lipids B) starches C) proteins D) steroids E) glucose

C) proteins

21) Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A) ribosome B) lysosome C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondrion E) contractile vacuole

C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

28) The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by A) the physical separation of most membranes from each other. B) the transportation of membrane among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. C) the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components. D) the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. E) the synthesis of lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system.

C) the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components.

43) The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Where are the corresponding reactions likely to occur in prokaryotic respiration? A) in the cytoplasm B) on the inner mitochondrial membrane C) on the endoplasmic reticulum D) on the plasma membrane E) on the nuclear envelope

D) on the plasma membrane

35) contains its own DNA and ribosomes A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

C. mitochondrion

34) one of the main energy transformers of cells A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

C. mitochonrion

55) Cells would be unable to form cilia or flagella if they did not have A) centrosomes. B) ribosomes. C) actin. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

D) A and B only

54) Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules? A) cilia B) centrioles C) flagella D) A and C only E) A, B, and C

D) A and C only

41) Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include A) ribosomes. B) mitochondria. C) chloroplasts. D) B and C only E) A, B, and C

D) B and C only

64) A cell lacking the ability to make and secrete glycoproteins would most likely be deficient in its A) nuclear DNA. B) extracellular matrix. C) Golgi apparatus. D) B and C only E) A, B, and C

D) B and C only

23) Which of the following structures is most directly associated with the secretion of compounds that will become part of the plant cell wall? A) smooth ER B) rough ER C) plasmodesmata D) Golgi-derived vesicles E) Golgi apparatus

D) Golgi-derived vesicles

7) Quantum dots are small (15-30 nm diameter), bright particles visible using light microscopy. If the dots can be specifically bound to individual proteins on a plasma membrane of a cell, which of the following correctly describes the advantage of using quantum dots in examining proteins? A) The dots permit the position of the proteins to be determined more precisely. B) The dots permit the average distance between the proteins to be determined more precisely. C) The dots permit the size of the proteins to be determined more precisely. D) The dots permit the motion of the proteins to be determined more precisely. E) All of the above are correct.

D) The dots permit the motion of the proteins to be determined more precisely.

48) A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from A) a bacterium. B) an animal, but not a plant. C) a plant, but not an animal. D) a plant or an animal. E) any kind of organism.

D) a plant or an animal.

44) A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, while organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively, A) mitochondria and chloroplasts. B) chloroplasts and peroxisomes. C) peroxisomes and chloroplasts. D) chloroplasts and mitochondria. E) mitochondria and peroxisomes

D) chloroplasts and mitochondria.

50) Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures? A) sites of energy production in cellular respiration B) membrane proteins C) ribosomes D) cytoskeletons E) cellulose fibers in the cell wall

D) cytoskeletons

13) tonoplast A. a feature of all cells B. found in prokaryotic cells only C. found in eukaryotic cells only D. found in plant cells only E. found in animal cells only

D. found in plant cells only

17) Which of the following compounds require the presence of the nuclear pores to move between the cytoplasm and the interior of the nucleus? A) ribosomal RNA B) messenger RNA C) proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm that are part of ribosomes D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

57) Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following? A) ameboid movement B) formation of cleavage furrows C) contracting of muscle cells D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

39) Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common? A) ATP is produced. B) DNA is present. C) Ribosomes are present. D) B and C only E) A, B, and C are correct

E) A, B, and C are correct.

24) The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. D) Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. E) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.

E) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.

45) Which of the following is a place where both DNA and ribosomes are unlikely to be found in any type of cell? A) stroma of chloroplasts B) mitochondrial matrix C) nucleus D) cytoplasm E) Golgi apparatus

E) Golgi apparatus

11) Which of the following comparisons between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is incorrect? A) The lack of organelles in prokaryotes means that they are structurally less complex than eukaryotes. B) The lack of internal membranes means that prokaryotes cannot compartmentalize function to the same extent as eukaryotes. C) All membrane function in prokaryotes is accomplished in the plasma membrane, while in eukaryotes, these functions are more distributed among the organelles. D) The specialization of function in organelles suggests that eukaryotes will contain a wider variety of phospholipids than prokaryotes. E) The lack of organelles in prokaryotes means that the basic cellular functions are different in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

E) The lack of organelles in prokaryotes means that the basic cellular functions are different in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

15) Which of the following does not contain functional ribosomes? A) a prokaryotic cell B) a plant mitochondrion C) a chloroplast D) an animal mitochondrion E) a nucleolus

E) a nucleolus

37) contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

E. peroxisome