AP Bio Unit 1 & 2 Test
If 30% of the nucleotides in a single-stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what percent are expected to be thymine?
0%
Based on Table 1, which of the following percentages is closest to the solute concentration of the grape?
5.5%
Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP
A
An investigator wants to understand whether a newly found membrane protein is involved in membrane transport of a certain particle. Which investigation will help determine whether the new membrane protein is a channel protein involved in membrane transport?
Add more of the proteins to the plasma membrane and measure the rate of the particle movement.
Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote
B
Site of glucose synthesis
B
The following questions refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot. From the initial conditions and results described, which of the following is a logical conclusion?
B. The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules.
Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation of the experimental results documented in the table?
Bar graph
Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell
C
Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across the cell membrane. One group of researchers hypothesizes that without functional aquaporins, no water will be able to enter the cell. A different group proposes an alternative hypothesis, stating that even with nonfunctional aquaporins, a small amount of water will still cross the cell membrane. An experiment is set up in which plant cells with mutated (nonfunctional) aquaporins and plant cells with normally functioning aquaporins are both placed in distilled water. Which of the following data would support the alternative hypothesis?
Cells with mutated aquaporins exhibit moderate turgor pressure and are hypertonic.
Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell
D
The result for treatment groups V and VI could suggest which of the following questions about the design of the experiment?
Does the aquarium water contain living microorganisms?
Based on Table 1, which of the following best explains the difference in water potential between certain solutions and the grapes?
Grape soda and NaCl have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to lose water.
Which of the following best predicts the effect of not having ATP available to supply energy to this process?
H+ ions will stop moving through the protein.
Which of the following is responsible for the cohesive property of water?
Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule
To investigate whether an organism in the study is capable of both photosynthesis and respiration, a comparison of which treatment groups is most appropriate?
I and II
Which of the following modifications to the experimental design will best help reduce the standard errors of the means?
Increasing the sample size of each treatment group
Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?
It forms hydrogen bonds.
If, instead of the bag, a potato slice were placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would be true of the potato slice?
It would gain mass.
Contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules
Lysosome
The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?
Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.
Used to carry the genetic code
Nucleic acids
Based on the molecular structures shown in the figure, which molecule is likely to be solid at room temperature?
Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely together.
If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?
Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient
Which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport?
Protein
Synthesized at the ribosome
Proteins
Which of the following statements best describes how organisms such as rabbits obtain the carbon necessary for building biological molecules?
Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms that they rearrange into new carbon-containing molecules.
Assuming a negligible pressure potential, which of the following best predicts the net movement of the small diffusible solutes and water in the second experiment (Table 2) ?
Small diffusible solutes will diffuse into the grape cells, followed by water.
Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?
The Golgi apparatus
The following questions refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot. Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?
The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition.
Mercurial sulfhydryl is an inhibitor of aquaporins. Which of the following is the most likely effect of adding mercurial sulfhydryl to the distilled water solution?
The grape cells will gain water more slowly because of a lack of facilitated diffusion.
Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which of the following best explains how the properties of water contribute to this physiological process?
The high heat of vaporization of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from liquid to gas.
A student hypothesizes that the solute concentration of grape juice is higher than the solute concentration of the actual grape because the grape juice has added sugar.
The hypothesis is not supported because the mass of the grape increased in the grape juice.
Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that photosynthesis occurred in treatment group
The mean pH of the samples increased after one hour.
Which statement best helps explain the formation of the hydrogen bond represented in the figure?
The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial positive charge.
The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?
The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material.
Which of the following best explains why larger grapes have a different rate of water absorption per gram of mass than smaller grapes do?
The rate is slower because smaller grapes have a larger surface-area-to-volume ratio than the larger grapes do.
Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane?
Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein
Which statement best describes the effect on water transport across the cell membrane if the aquaporin in the figure ceases to function?
Water molecules will still be able to move across the cell membrane but at a slower rate.
When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of metabolic energy, the process is best described as
facilitated diffusion
