AP EURO - CH. 15 - 30 Years War

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Witchcraft craze

hysteria over witchcraft during 16th and 17th centuries, trials and persecutions of witches (predominately women), use of torture during trials

The Bohemian Phase

1618-1625, Calvin nobles of the Bohemian Estates unhappy with Catholic king Archduke Ferdinand, nobles rebel against Ferdinand and take control of Bohemia, Ferdinand allies with Catholic League and regains control of Bohemia

The Danish Phase

1625-1629, Lutheran Denmark intervenes on behalf of Protestant cause, leads army into northern Germany, Catholic League defeats Denmark

Edict of Restitution

1629 - end of Danish Phase of 30 Years' War, attempt to reverse Peace of Augsburg, prohibits Calvin worship, restores protestant lands to catholic, annulled at the end of the Swedish phase to make peace with German princes

The Swedish Phase

1630-1635, Sweden under the rule of Gustavus Adolphus invades Germany from the north and is eventually defeated by the HRE

The Franco-Swedish Phase

1635-1648, bigger focus on political issues than religious, Catholic French enter the war on the side of Protestant Sweden and defeat the Spanish and Bavarian armies, ends with Peace of Westphalia, France and Spain continue to fight

Four Phases of the 30 Years' War

Bohemian phase (1618-1625), Danish phase (1625-1629), Swedish phase (1630-1635), Franco-swedish phase (1635-1648)

Battle of White Mountain

Ferdinand and Catholic League defeat Frederick and Bohemian nobles, November 8 1620, Bohemian phase of 30 Years' War, Spain returns some parts of empire to catholicism

Battle of Rocroi

Franco-Swedish Phase, 1643, French beat Spanish and bring end to Spanish military greatness

Defenestration of Prague

May 1618, during Bohemian Phase of 30 Years' War, 2 Habsburg representatives in Bohemia thrown out of 3rd story window (survive)

Gustavus Adolphus

Swedish king, military genius -> organized and well equipped army, devout Lutheran, invades Germany from north but killed in Battle of Lutzen

Battle of Nordlingen

Swedish phase, imperial army victory, 1634, guaranteed that south Germany would remain Catholic

Battle of Lutzen

Swedish phase, major Protestant victory, Gustavus Adolphus (king of Sweden) killed

Albrecht von Wallenstein

brilliant commander, commander for Ferdinand's imperial army during 30 Years' War, Bohemian nobleman, extremely cruel, dismissed by Ferdinand under influence of German princes

Duke Maximilian of Bavaria

catholic prince in South Germany, leader of Catholic league, allied with Ferdinand during Bohemian phase of 30 Years' War

Archduke Ferdinand

catholic, Habsburg ruler, made king of Bohemia but deposed by Protestant nobles, allied with Catholic League to regain control of Bohemia, elected HRE

Economic conditions in 1640s

economic contraction especially in Italy and Spain, population begin to decline (war, famine, little ice age)

Peace of Pyrenees

ends fighting between France and Spain in 1659, Spain second-class power, France dominant power

"Military Revolution"

growth of standing armies, introduction of new weapons and strategies, war becomes expensive and takes more heavy taxation, many military techniques revolutionized by Gustavus Adolphus

King Christian IV

king of Denmark during 30 Years' War, Lutheran, made anti-Habsburg and anti-Catholic alliances with United Provinces and England, wanted possession of Catholic territory in northern Germany, suffered huge losses during 30 Years' War

Peace of Westphalia

officially ended the war in Germany in 1648, weakens Habsburgs, recognizes independence of German princes and allows them to choose to be Calvin, Sweden and France gain some territory, confirms independence of the Calvin Netherlands, religion and politics separate

Catholic League

political and religious union of catholic German princes at the beginning of the 17th century, organized by Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, active against the Protestant Union during the 30 Years' War

Protestant Union

political and religious union of protestant German princes at the beginning of the 17th century, organized by calvanist Elector Palatine Frederick IV, active against the Catholic League during the 30 Years' War

Factors that led to the 30 Years' War

religious struggle between militaristic Calvinism and militaristic Catholicism, tension between Bourbon dynasty and Habsburg dynasty, Peace of Augsburg didn't account for Calvinism, resistance of German emperors to the Habsburg rulers, alliances throughout Europe (German princes with France, Habsburgs with Spain)

Factors of the witchcraft craze

religious uncertainty (ie Protestantism vs Catholicism), social turmoil, fear of the growing number of poor by property owners, scapegoats for problems

Elector Frederick V

replaces Ferdinand as king of Bohemia during Bohemian phase of 30 Years' War, head of the Protestant Union

Economic and social affects on Germany

villages and peasants were victims, economic damages, 15-20% population decline


Related study sets

CH 11: Human Resource Management

View Set

Ch. 3 - How Data is Transported Over Networks

View Set

Principles of Management Chapter 2

View Set

I 1-1 Ser Frases (estudiante/maestro)

View Set

Sadlier Vocabulary Workshop Level F Unit 7-9 Synonyms

View Set

Middle Ages 13.4 & 14.1 History 9th

View Set

Chapter 12: Religion, Romanticism, and Reform, 1800-1860

View Set