AP Psych Chapter 1

Slide 23

modest correlation not completely scattered but not linear either

In a normal distribution of test scores, the percentage of scores that fall at or below the mean score is:

50%

Which of the following studies had had the most profound impact on ethical issues in psychological research?

Stanley Milgram's study of obedience

In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of participants saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. The dependent variable in the experiment is the:

amount of aggressive behavior exhibited by the children

In an experiment, which of the following variables refers to the outcome that is measured by the experimenter?

dependent

In experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a

difference not likely due to chance

Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that

each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the sample

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates:

hindsight bias

A survey shows that children who have computers in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having a computer at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly

inferred correlation from causation

According to ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?

it should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research

Which of the following research methods is being used if the same subjects are tested at two, four and six years of age?

longitudinal

The mean will be higher than the median in any distribution that:

not normal

In a famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers (a terry-cloth "mother" and a wire "mother"), each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations, the infant monkeys

preferred the terry cloth mother even when the wired mother had the nursing bottle

The most distinctive characteristic of the experimental method is that it

seeks to establish cause and effect relationships

In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of participants saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. The control group in the experiment is the group that:

watched the nonviolent cartoon