Comm exam

Which type of interpersonal communication model views communication as a one-directional transmission of information from a source or sender to some destination or receiver?

Action model

What is the first stage of perception?

Attending

Which of the following is not a primary reason to study communication? A. Improve our own effectiveness as a communicator B. Communication is an innate skill. C. Communication is a primary means of human interaction, comprising a significant amount of our time each day D. Learn how to take the perspective of our communication partners

B. Communication is an innate skill.

According to Vanessa Van Edwards, what part of the body do you usually look at first when meeting a stranger? A. The stranger's face B. The stranger's hands C. The stranger's feet D. The stranger's eyes

B. The stranger's hands

Individuals highly sensitive to rejection are less adept at noting when they are being rejected.

False

Self-compassion involves mindfulness, common humanity, and empathy.

False

The use of racist language is limited to the intentional use of words that express an attitude that is not objective or balance, prejudiced, or demeans someone based on the person's race or ethnicity.

False

Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal communication is free from ambiguity.

False

Michael feels conspicuous or socially exposed when dealing with others in face-to-face interactions. He says that the root of these feelings stems from a prior experience in which his privacy was breached due in part to his foolish actions. What type of shyness does Michael experience?

Short-term self-conscious shyness

People are usually able to hear happiness in someone's tone of voice T/F

True

Spin is the manipulation of language to achieve the most positive interpretation of words, gain political advantage, or deceive others.

True

The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions can cause our emotions T/F

True

The process of perception involves all five senses - sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

True

The same scent can affect different people in different ways.

True

The study of intrapersonal communication involves the biological and neurological underpinnings of effective communication.

True

Vanessa Van Edward's research found that the least popular Ted talkers average 272 hand gestures in 18 minutes. T/F

True

Vanessa Van Edward's research found that the most popular Ted talkers average 465 hand gestures in 18 minutes. T/F

True

Individuals excessively preoccupied with one's self suffer from what psychological condition?

Narcissism

Which of the following defines the use of behaviors that increase sensory stimulation between individuals, creating both physical and psychological closeness?

Nonverbal immediacy

What is the study of communication pertaining to physical space called?

Proxemics

Which of the following skills diminishes in middle adulthood? A. Reading B. Vocabulary development C. Speaking D. Listening

B. Vocabulary development

The volunteer coordinator met with her staff, stating that they had a lot of work to do to "determine the most effective way to distribute their resources and manpower." What kind of language did the volunteer coordinator use?

Biased language

Sam and Peter sit next to each other in class. They had never seen each other before the first day of class and had no idea what to expect sitting next to each other. Over the course of the semester, they talked more and more, learning about each other - their attitudes about class, how they behaved, and their likes and dislikes. By the end of the semester, they were not only comfortable sitting next to each other but had become friends. Which of the following theories best describes what occurred between Sam and Peter?

Uncertainty reduction theory

What role does touch play in interpersonal relationships? A. All three responses are true. B. Maintaining C. Initiating D. Regulating

A. All three responses are true.

What are the three ways Vanessa Van Edwards says humans are contagious? A. Nonverbally, verbally, and emotionally B. Nonverbally, socially, and sensually C. Verbally, socially, and physically D. Nonverbally, verbally, and socially

A. Nonverbally, verbally, and emotionally

When David gives careful and thoughtful attention to his friend as she talks about a problem she is having with her roommate, which interpersonal communication skill is David practicing?

Mindful listening

Liz's doctor called to share the results of her blood work. Her doctor informed her that her hemoglobin and hematocrit counts were low, perhaps the result of a vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia, or a number of neoplasms of the bone marrow. However, they would need to run another test because the hematocrit count is concentration-dependent and, as a result, isn't completely accurate. What kind of language was her doctor using?

Jargon

Which of the following is a required behavior when checking for understanding?

Listening

Which of the following statements about the relationship between names and perceptions is not true? A. People's perceptions of names change over time. B. Gender-neutral names (e.g., Sam, Alex, Corey) are free of cultural or ethnic associations C. All names have the potential to elicit different emotions among different people D. All names encompass some cultural or ethnic associations

B. Gender-neutral names (e.g., Sam, Alex, Corey) are free of cultural or ethnic associations

Vocabulary is not a reliable predictor of one's social status, education, and profession.

False

Actively attending to one's surroundings - physically, cognitively, and emotionally - is known as which of the following?

Mindful awareness

Doug's 14-month old daughter Robin is learning to talk. She recently learned to say the word "cookie." Yesterday at lunch, Robin looked at Doug, smiled, and said, "cookie." What communication need was Robin expressing when she requested a cookie?

Practical

When it comes to eating and exercise, learning to mindfully listen and trust one's body to assess the body's needs involves which competency of the Be Body Positivity Model?

Practice intuitive self-care

Which rules govern how individuals use language to interact with other people?

Pragmatic rules

Catherine was trying her best to focus on reading her new book. But she found that she was reading the same paragraph over and over again because she couldn't stop thinking about her roommate's exciting news. Which of the following type of noise was interfering with Catherine's ability to comprehend the paragraph's meaning?

Psychological noise

Understanding the role nonverbal communication plays in interpersonal relationships helps individuals develop which of the following skills

Nonverbal mindset

Ron had a horrible day at work after learning that his sales figures were the lowest of everyone in the office. Ron's self-esteem was influenced by which kind of evaluation?

Objective evaluation

What is the degree to which an individual views themselves as a good person, who deserves to be valued and respected called?

Self-worth

During a recent job interview, the interviewer asked Madeline if she was planning on becoming pregnant in the next few years while working for the company. Which type of language did the interviewer utilize?

Sexist

"Are you working on anything exciting these days?" and "Anything good happen to you today?" are good conversation starters because they verbally trigger dopamine in the person being asked the question T/F

True

A reciprocal relationship exists between self-esteem and communication, each influencing the other.

True

A sender's thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and past experiences all influence how they construct an encoded message.

True

According to the transaction model of interpersonal communication, communicative exchanges occur simultaneously between communication partners through a multi-layered feedback system involving both verbal and nonverbal cues.

True

An individual's concept of self is influenced by their communicative interactions with others.

True

An individual's self-concept consists of self-image, self-worth, and the ideal-self.

True

Communication apprehension is the fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication exchanges with another person or persons.

True

Dogmatism is the inclination to believe one's point-of-view as undeniably true based on faulty premises and without consideration of evidence and the opinions of others.

True

Effective personal communication is concerned with an individual's attainment of a desired personal outcome.

True

Eye contact is generally the first form of communication between two individuals.

True

While shopping at the mall, a woman approached Christina asking her if she knew where the closest restroom was. As Christina replied that the restrooms were located back in the other direction by the food court, she pointed to the walkway behind the woman. Christina's gestured served a repeating function.

True

A third-grader was playing with his action figures when he stopped and asked his mother what plastic is made of. His mother, a chemist, turned off the television and explained to her son that the process of producing plastic involves converting the molecules of raw materials into monomers (specifically ethylene C2H4, propylene C3H6, and butene C4H8), which containing double bonds between the carbon atoms so that they can chemically react to form polymers. When answering her son's question, the mother failed to take which of the following into account?

the cognitive complexity of her answer.

Intrapersonal communication exists within an individual's self or mind and is an entirely internal phenomenon.

False

Metamessages are verbal conversations people have with others to evaluate the effectiveness of the communication style being used within the interpersonal relationship.

False

One of the easiest aspects of mindfulness is to be consciously aware of one's thoughts, feelings, and attitudes without judging them.

False

Rachel is a preschool teacher. In the corner of her classroom is a playhouse filled with all sorts of fun toys, props, and creative outfits. Rachel regularly overhears children saying things like, "I'm putting frogs and purple bubbles in my potion," "we don't need a car, we can fly," and "don't touch that, it will turn you into a crocodile." This is an example of the interactional functions of language.

False

Relationships begin with verbal communication exchanges.

False

Society has developed a universal standard for communicative competence that all speakers of a language must follow.

False

Temperament is a product of the social environment, while personality is biologically determined.

False

The Osgood and Schramm Model of interpersonal communication recognizes the importance that nonverbal communication, and the lack thereof, plays in interpersonal communication.

False

Van Edwards discusses a study that collected sweat from a group of treadmill runners and skydivers. The results of the study showed that when study participants who were in a fMRI machine sniffed the sweat of the skydivers, the study participants began to respire also. T/F

False

Vanessa Van Edwards says that the most popular Ted talkers are able to communicate their ideas using two tracks-- their words and their vocal expression T/F

False

There is no universal definition of mindfulness.

True

Van Edwards believes that the "sweat study" shows that emotions are contagious T/F

True

What is the ability to identify one's emotions and the emotions of others to guide one's behavior called?

Emotional intelligence

Which of the following is not true about the ideal-self? A. The ideal-self is the same thing as the real-self B. The ideal-self is perfect, flawless, unrealistic, and evolving C. The ideal-self is the version of yourself that you would like to be D. The ideal-self is created through one's life experiences, cultural demands, and other's expectations

A. The ideal-self is the same thing as the real-self

Choose the best response to finish this sentence: According to Van Edwards, there are seven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A. micro expressions B. hand gestures C. universal postures D. vocal expressions

A. micro expressions

Which of the following occurs when an individual evaluates another's behavior using their internal tendencies rather than external factors?

Attribution error

Which clue is not represented in Barnlund's Transactional Model ?

Ambiguous cues

Introversion and extraversion exist on a continuum.

True

Which of the following is not a type of communication disposition? A. Affective/appetitive orientation B. Introversion/extraversion C. Argumentative/verbal aggressiveness D. Approach and avoidance traits

A. Affective/appetitive orientation

Which of the following helps individuals build and maintain relationships? A. All are correct. B. Communication is the vehicle through which relationships develop C. Individuals initiate relationships with those who have similar self-concepts D. Social comparison helps identify others who might be compatible friends

A. All are correct.

Which of the following is not a type of action model? A. Osgood and Schramm Model B. Early Schramm Model C. Shannon-Weaver Model D. Berlo's SMCR Model (Sender, Message, Channel, Receiver)

A. Osgood and Schramm Model

Which of the following is a characteristic of high self-esteem? A. Other's comments are viewed as constructive and helpful B. Other's comments are viewed as criticism or hostile C. Focused attention on one's failures D. The use of indirect communicative styles

A. Other's comments are viewed as constructive and helpful

At lunch, Patrick's girlfriend was busy telling him all about her new job. From time to time, he replied, "uh- huh," as she continued to talk about her morning. What kind of feedback did Patrick provide?

Ambiguous feedback

Last summer Erin got a small tattoo of a butterfly on her forearm. When she is at work at the local hospital, she doesn't want to give patients the wrong idea. So she makes sure her coat sleeve covers up the tattoo. What kind of nonverbal communication is Erin concerned about?

Artifacts

Tempo is the primary vocal quality making an individual's voice sound either pleasant or disturbing to listen to.

False

In which of the following do words help humans create reality? A. Words have the power to impact what an individual believes and feels B. Individuals use words to label their experiences C. All answers are correct D. Specific words impact how an individual receives the message communicated

C. All answers are correct

Nina struggles with emotional and social loneliness. What outcomes is she more likely to report as a result? A. Lower self-esteem B. Greater sensitivity to social rejection C. All three of the answers are true D. Greater social passivity

C. All three of the answers are true

Which of the following outcomes is not associated with the use of nonverbal immediacy behaviors in health care settings? A. Patient understanding of medical information B. Patient satisfaction C. Hospital performance reviews D. Patient perceptions of provider credibility

C. Hospital performance reviews

Which of the following occurs when a congruent self-concept is present? A. The individual is more likely to exhibit other psychological difficulties B. Self-image, self-worth, and the ideal-self are independent and incompatible C. Self-image, self-worth, and the ideal-self overlap reflecting compatibility D. The individual is out of balance with how they interact with others

C. Self-image, self-worth, and the ideal-self overlap reflecting compatibility

Choose the best response to end this statement: According to research, when you ask someone you don't know a question that makes them happy, one side effect is _ _ _ _ _ _ A. the person being asked the question will become more memorable to you B. you, the person asking the question, will feel less social anxiety C. you, the person asking the question, become memorable to the person being asked the question D. the person being asked the question will feel less social anxiety

C. you, the person asking the question, become memorable to the person being asked the question

What is the pathway or medium in which communication messages are sent?

Channel

Aaron can't believe how many things he needs to get done at work before the end of the day. When possible, he works on multiple tasks at the same time. What type of nonverbal communication is he displaying?

Chronemics

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes communication competence?

Competence balances social appropriateness and personal effectiveness

As Roger listened to the waiter repeat his order, he nodded his head in agreement. Which function of nonverbal communication did Roger demonstrate?

Complementing

What is it called when a word's definition is subjective, incorporating a word's emotional impact?

Connotative meaning

What is it called when an individual adapts their communication style to be more like the speaker?

Converge affiliation

Which of the following is not an outcome associated with strong people skills? A. Knowledge of how to interact with others in group situations B. The ability to understand people C. Healthy interactions with others D. Difficulty empathizing with others

D. Difficulty empathizing with others

Which of the following is a step in the cycle of rejection sensitivity? A. Providing others affection B. Decreased fear of rejection C. Expressing rage D. Repressed hostility for fear of losing affection

D. Repressed hostility for fear of losing affection

The shared, universal meaning of a word that is understood broadly within society is governed by which of the following?

Denotative definitions

The circumstance, environment, and/or situation in which communication occurs has no bearing on a person's interpretation of the communicative message.

False

DeShawn sets aside a few minutes every day to write in his journal. DeShawn finds a quiet place to write with minimal distractions so that he can stay in the moment. DeShawn writes about the things that are occurring in his life, articulating what he is experiencing and how he is feeling. At first, DeShawn found this activity to be hard, but he has gotten better at it over time, the more he writes, finding new words to label his feelings. Which facet of mindfulness best describes DeShawn's actions?

Describing

Which of the following is not a component of the mindful practice model?

Description

Which attachment style do individuals exhibit when they view themselves as worthy of love, but generally believe that others will be deceptive and reject them in interpersonal relationships?

Dismissing attachment

What is an individual's ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions called?

Emotional intelligence

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, safety is the most fundamental human need.

False

According to Van Edwards' research study, "What do you do?" "How are you?" and "Where are you from?" are the best conversation starters T/F

False

Based on the transactional model of communication, communication occurred even when the receiver did not see or hear the message sent by the source.

False

Because the same environmental information is available to everyone present, the process of perception is universal, meaning that every individual experiences the same situation in the same way.

False

Colloquial language is comprised of formal language, advanced vocabulary words, and specialized language, all of which suggest that the speaker is a college graduate.

False

External locus of control is a type of social-personal disposition in which an individual believes that forces influence one's behavior and circumstances outside of one's control.

False

For mediated communication to transpire, the communication partners must use a form of technology or medium that runs electronically, requiring a power outlet or batteries.

False

In the "Taking Control" study students who said, "I'm excited" before singing the song, "Don't Stop Believing" were no more vocally accurate than students who said, "I'm nervous." T/F

False

Individuals raised in high communication-oriented families are more likely to have worse relationships than individuals raised in low communication-oriented families.

False

Interpersonal communication skills are innate, meaning that one cannot improve upon them. You either have them or you don't.

False

Nonverbal communication plays a secondary role in creating meaning.

False

The city of Smithsville sent information to residents about their new recycling program. The message included the following information: "To avoid the contamination of other materials, residents must ensure that all cans and bottles are empty before placing them in the recycling receptacle. Plastic bottles and aluminum cans should be crushed and boxes should be cut down to maximize space in your cart. Ensure that you flatten and cut cardboard to no larger than 2 feet by 2 feet." What kind of language did the city use?

Formal language

Which function of language is used to explore and investigate the world, solve problems, and learn from your discoveries and experiences?

Heuristic functions

Darolyn works at a local coffee shop two days per week. She is in charge of taking people's orders and writing their names on the paper cups. This may not seem like a very demanding or important job, but it is one that Darolyn takes very seriously. It is important to her that she not only matches the customer's name with the right drink, but that she spells their name accurately verifying each spelling with the customer before checking them out. Last week, Darolyn took Ursula's order, replying "that's such a cool name." Darolyn's attention to detail and positive comment left Ursula smiling as so many people misspell her unusual name. What communication need was Darolyn primarily addressing when she commented about Ursula's unusual name?

Identity

Nonverbal messages in which two communication partners share information through facial expressions, eye gaze, body language, etc. are characteristic of which type of communication?

Interpersonal communication

In an attempt to understand the situation unfolding around her, Julia considered past personal experiences, her involvement with others present, and any assumptions she might have. In doing so, what stage of the perception process was she engaged in?

Interpreting

Juli's company held a small cocktail hour for new employees. As Juli mingled about, visiting with her coworkers, she found herself nodding her head while listening to different conversations. While she didn't have much to say, she felt that by nodding her head, it showed others that she was interested in hearing what they had to say. Which function of nonverbal communication did Juli demonstrate?

Regulating

Brian is concerned about his brother's abuse of controlled substances. He and his family organize an intervention to help his brother understand the dangers associated with this behavior, telling him how much they love and support them, and persuade him to enroll in a treatment program. Which function of language did Brian and his family use?

Regulatory functions

Which theory suggests that language impacts perceptions by showing a culture's worldview?

Sapir-Worf hypothesis

Which need on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs occurs when the three selves work together to create an individual's self-concept?

Self-actualization

According to Hall's Four Spaces, which of the following is used by acquaintances during interpersonal interactions?

Social distance

What is the degree to which an individual communicates using responsive or assertive communication techniques called?

Sociocommunicative orientation

Just as Mark took a bite of his sandwich, his wife asked him what time they had to leave for the airport. Mark held up all five fingers on his hand, and his wife replied, "great, that gives me time to run back to that bookstore we saw on the corner." Which function of nonverbal communication did Mark demonstrate?

Substituting

What personality model features the following personalities: Surgency, agreeableness, dependability, emotional stability, and culture

The Big Five

The word communication comes from the Latin root communico, which means what?

To share

Which of the following is not a characteristic of communicative competence? A. The ability to evaluate how much information the audience already understands about the topic being discussed B. The ability to persuade audiences to become involved and take action. The ability to evaluate what the audience knows and doesn't know about a topic of conversation. Communication competence is characterized as skillful, adaptable, involved, understanding, cognitive complexity, and self-monitoring (Textbook reference: Section 1.3) C. The ability to recognize situational cues exhibited by the communication audience D. The ability to self-monitor one's verbal and nonverbal communication

A. The ability to evaluate how much information the audience already understands about the topic being discussed

Which of the following is not a characteristic of symbolic communication? A. It is comprised of words, pictures, or objects that represent something else. B. It is an innate skill that humans are born with. C. Symbolic communication conveys meaning. D. It's meaning is arbitrarily assigned

B. It is an innate skill that humans are born with.

Popular names tend to originate with high socioeconomic families before becoming popular among lower socioeconomic families.

True

An individual's ability to be mindful and sensitive to all functions and forms of language is called what?

Language awareness

Which personality trait is characterized by the use of cunningness and deceit to maintain the power necessary to accomplish specific, self-centered goals?

Machiavellianism

Janice and John, who both grew up in large families and attended the same college, have been happily dating for the past three years. Their story illustrates what hypothesis?

Matching hypothesis

Sheldon theorized that people who tend to be average (e.g., fairly active, eat a normal amount, look like other people at the gym, etc.) also demonstrate personality traits in which others describe them as being kind, happy, brave, helping others, extraverted, and energetic. Which somatotype does this represent?

Mesomorphy

Prior research has established a connection between an individual's mental health and their physical health

True

Joel was cleaning the kitchen when he noticed a small, black, oval in the corner a few feet away. Which type of schema did he use to define the incoming stimuli?

Physical construct

Recently, a politician held a town hall meeting to hear the community's view on a variety of public issues. Citizens wishing to address the politician and the audience were asked to sign-up in advance for a three- minute time slot at one of the three microphones set up around the large auditorium. What type of communication is this an example of?

Public communication

Skylar is the site manager for a local construction company. Her job requires her to coordinate the various workers accessing the worksite to keep the project moving forward - framers, plumbers, electricians, landscapers, masons, etc. Each Monday, about eight people from various trades meet with Skylar. Together they compare schedules to guarantee that each crew has the time and space needed to work at the site that week. What type of communication is Skylar and her coworkers using?

Small-group communication

Eric kept telling the cashier "um...." while he thought about what he wanted to order next. This is an example of a dysfluency.

True

For an individual to be an effective communicator, they must be able to make linguistic choices specific to the needs of different people.

True

Individuals are constantly communicating with others in their environment through verbal and nonverbal means, whether they intend to or not.

True

It's apparent when someone fakes a facial expression like happiness or sadness T/F

True

Language exists on a continuum ranging from concrete representations of a tangible object to abstract representations of ideas or concepts existing only in an individual's mind.

True

Listening is the most important component of interpersonal communication.

True

Martha started a new medication and was not feeling quite right. So she called the pharmacist to express her concerns and ask a few questions about the medication's side effects. This is an example of instrumental functions of language.

True

Nonverbal communication is a skill that requires practice.

True

Nonverbal communication is the primary way people communicate with each other.

True