AP Psych MC practice #8

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive distortion according to Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy model of treatment?

"If I don't get all As in college, then my degree will be worth nothing."

During therapy sessions, Gerry's therapist often rephrases things that Gerry has said or asks for clarification. This action is consistent with what aspect of client-centered therapy?

Active listening

Which of the following is a characteristic common to all individuals with a narcissistic personality disorder?

An unwarranted sense of self-importance

Dr. Xi conducted an experiment on the effectiveness of an antidepressant medication. Given her research design, if she finds that the drug is effective, which of the following will she be able to conclude?

Antidepressants decrease the severity of depression, and the experiment demonstrates cause-and-effect because she used random assignment.

Brandon is superficially charming and skilled at exploiting people for his own gain. He is also impulsive and irresponsible, and he generally disregards social norms. Brandon would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

Antisocial personality

Fred is afraid to leave his house, and he is extremely apprehensive every time he has to go out in public. Fred is most likely to be diagnosed with which type of disorder?

Anxiety

A psychotherapist who believes that deviant behavior can be traced either to genetic anomalies or to problems in the physical structure of the brain most likely subscribes to which of the following views of abnormality?

Biomedical

During the past few years, Lester has experienced several episodes of devastating sadness, weight loss, feelings of worthlessness, and an inability to concentrate. Recently, Lester is experiencing tremendous elation, excessive excitement, racing thoughts, and elevated self-esteem. He has not slept for several days, claiming that he no longer needs a full night's sleep. Which diagnosis will Lester most likely receive from a clinical psychologist?

Bipolar disorder

Travis is obsessed with his weight, but he often cannot stop himself from eating an entire carton of ice cream or two pizzas in one sitting. Afterward, he makes himself throw up or takes laxatives to rid himself of the food. Travis' behavior is indicative of what psychological disorder?

Bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is the term associated with psychologists not sharing their clients' personal information with others?

Confidentiality

Which is not a correct statement about biological bases of behavior?

Damage to the somatosensory cortex could interfere with the ability to plan for the future.

Which of the following is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia?

Disordered thinking

One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain?

Dopamine

Client-centered therapists try to appreciate how the world appears from the client's point of view. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

Empathy

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a behavioral approach to therapy?

Finn has been acting out at school, so his therapist employs a token economy to reward Finn when he behaves well.

Charlene is experiencing problems that are most consistent with bipolar disorder. Which of the following scenarios most likely represents Charlene's situation?

For the last two weeks, Charlene has been unable to go to work because she has no energy or interest in anything, and she feels that life may not be worth living. Three weeks ago, however, she was optimistic and wildly euphoric and working 18 hours a day voluntarily.

John regularly stops at the pharmacy to collect pamphlets that list symptoms of different illnesses, because he is worried about his health. Each day he carefully monitors his vital signs, and he also frequently meets with a physician. On his most recent visit, the physician suggested that John was perfectly healthy. With which of the following psychological disorders might John be diagnosed?

Hypochondriasis

Which of the following is NOT true about cognition?

Knowing the names of all U.S. state capitals is an example of an implicit memory.

Carmen's psychiatrist has prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to help Carmen feel better. Carmen has most likely been diagnosed with what disorder?

Major depressive

Which correctly matches the psychologist with their line of work/study?

Mayer - Intelligence

Bernadette has lacked enthusiasm for work and other activities for a number of years. She also has a poor appetite and feels fatigued. Which of the following disorders is most consistent with Bernadette's symptoms?

Persistent depressive

Using psychological techniques such as free association to explore a client's early relationships is characteristic of what type of treatment?

Psychoanalysis

Which type of therapy uses free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of transference?

Psychodynamic

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

Delusional thinking is central to which of the following?

Schizophrenic disorders

Regina is experiencing symptoms most consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder. Which of the following scenarios is most likely to describe Regina's situation?

Since she has returned from war, Regina has been having nightmares and is startled by every sound, believing she is in imminent danger.

Dalton developed a phobia of dogs after watching his older cousin act fearfully when he interacted with dogs in their neighborhood. Which of the following best explains why Dalton developed his phobia of dogs?

Social learning theory, because Dalton learned from observing his cousin's behavior toward dogs.

Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?

Somatoform

Specific phobia differs from generalized anxiety disorder in which of the following ways?

Specific phobia is linked to a particular stimulus, whereas generalized anxiety disorder is not.

Which of the following is NOT true about sensation and perception?

Spectators can easily see Christina and Susan against the dance floor because of relative size.

The following question(s) refer to the information below. A psychologist describes the following steps to a client, while the client is practicing relaxation techniques, in order to treat the client's psychological disorder: You are entering a large building. You are pressing a button for an elevator. You are stepping into an elevator. You are watching the doors close after entering the elevator. You are traveling five floors on the elevator. What type of treatment technique is described above?

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following behavior-therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights

Systematic desensitization

Which is true about motivation, emotion, and stress?

The Schacter-Singer theory emphasized the importance of cognition in emotion.

Dr. Obetz is conducting an experimental study on the effectiveness of antianxiety medication. Which of the following will most likely be her independent variable?

Type of medication, because she will randomly divide participants into groups and give the groups different types of medication.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy assumes that abnormal functioning results from which of the following?

Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions

Which of the following statements best illustrates a social-cognitive explanation for the development of depression?

Yolanda ruminates about her failures, so she is more likely to develop depression.

People who habitually wash their hands numerous times before going to bed most likely have

a compulsion

A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing

a placebo effect

According to Carl Rogers, the role of the therapist in person-centered psychotherapy is to

accept the client unconditionally so that the client's own desire for mental health and positive growth will flourish

Thomas gained a lot of weight because he was eating too many sweets. A psychologist suggested to Thomas that he pair the pleasant taste of sweets with the taste of something he finds unpleasant. So, Thomas put broccoli, which he hates, in his ice cream, cake, and pie. He now feels nauseated at the sight of dessert and avoids eating it. This technique is known as

aversion thearpy

Lithium carbonate is used to treat

bipolar disorder

Fluoxetine (Prozac® ) has been shown to reduce depression primarily by

blocking reuptake and increasing the level of serotonin in the synapses

Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of

clinical depression

All of the following are anxiety disorders EXCEPT

conversion disorder

Paula lacks self-confidence. She has a difficult time expressing disagreement with others, and she usually lets friends make decisions for her. Others have commented that they do not know who the "real" Paula is. With which of the following personality disorders might Paula be diagnosed?

dependent

Multiple personality is a type of

dissociative disorder

Thomas is thirty years old and is very shy. He becomes anxious in social situations, so he avoids them. Thomas does not have close friends and rarely leaves his apartment. However, he writes a very successful and popular Internet blog, is usually content and calm while working at home, and has a positive relationship with his family. Psychologists would be hesitant to label Thomas as psychologically disordered because his behavior

does not appear to cause distress or impair his day-to-day functioning

Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT

due to inappropriate child-rearing practices

an advantage of group therapy over individual therapy is that group therapy

enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique

Aaron T. Beck would most likely

focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns

A somatoform disorder is best described as an illness that

is physical in nature and caused by psychological factors

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

Intense artificial light is most successfully used as therapy for

seasonal affective disorder

During a therapy session, a client acts very angry toward the therapist, just as she acts toward her mother. A psychoanalytically oriented therapist would say the client's behavior is an example of

transference

According to psychoanalytic theory, the bases for the development of mental disorders are

unconscious conflicts that produce anxiety