ap psych - unit 1 test answers
Which of the following would an industrial-organizational psychologist be LEAST likely to study?
corporate profitability
Which of the following is the strongest correlation?
-.90
2, 11, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 5 What is the mode of the number set above?
2
A psychologist administered the most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet IQ test to 50 students and their scores are shown in the chart above. How many students earned scores higher than two standard deviations above the mean?
2
3 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 Ten participants in a treatment group were asked to rate their feelings of self worth on a scale of one to ten, with a value of ten indicating a very positive feeling of self-worth. The data for the participants are above. What is the mean for these data?
6.4
A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?
77
Which theoretical perspective in psychology attempts to characterize the way in which humans store and process sensory information?
cognitive
Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?
As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases.
John B. Watson is best known as the founder of
Behaviorism
What is the best way to ensure that results of a study are generalizable to a population?
By using a random selection of people in that population
Clinical researchers are interested in gaining insight into the causes of abnormal behavior. One way that they do this is to delve deeply into the histories of patients with a common diagnosis, interviewing family, friends, teachers, therapists, physicians, babysitters, and others who can provide rich details about the patients' lives. Then, researchers try to see if there are any common themes in the information gathered. What research method does this strategy represent?
Case study
Which of the following is a term for a variable that researchers do not control and that can affect the results of a study?
confounding variable
In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean?
It contains the middle 68% of the distribution.
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study?
Incidence of aggressive behavior
Which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect?
It can be brought about by the individual's expectations.
Which of the following is a strength of naturalistic observation?
It minimizes artificiality, which can be a problem in laboratory studies.
The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?
Psychodynamic
All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:
Research may not involve deception.
Which of the following studies demonstrates a cross-sectional research design?
Testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?
Type of television program viewed
A researcher is studying the effect of caffeinated drinks on the activity level of ten-year-old children. Half of the children in the study drank caffeinated soda, and half drank noncaffeinated soda. Neither the research team nor the children knew which drinks had caffeine and which drinks did not. The researchers were using
a double-blind design
A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is
a positive correlation
Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college grade point average (GPA). Which of the following best describes this relationship?
a positive correlation
To determine whether a cause-effect relationship exists between two variables, a researcher must use
an experimental approach
According to one theory of psychology, many people have mental illnesses because their maladaptive behaviors have proven rewarding for them in the past and thus have been continued. This belief is consistent with which of the following models?
behavioral
Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?
behaviorist
Synesthesia is a phenomenon that has been estimated to occur in only a few people in a million. Because of its rarity, researchers are likely to choose which research method to study it?
case study
Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?
cognitive
In an experiment, which of the following variables refers to the outcome that is measured by the experimenter?
dependent
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the
dependent variable
Which of the following scatterplots shows the strongest relation?
e
in a research study, informed consent is a concern of
ethics
Which of the following psychological approaches suggests that jealousy might serve an adaptive function in protecting a sexual relationship from threats?
evolutionary
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. This research method is best characterized as
experimental
A researcher uses debriefing when he
explains the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete
Rocio is continually learning new skills and gaining insights into herself. Although she is not experiencing any distress, she chooses to see a therapist. This primary emphasis on growth is most reflective of which of the following perspectives?
humanistic
Which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized?
humanistic
A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly
inferred causation from correlation
Survey research has shown that people with high levels of empathy (that is, an ability to imagine and feel what others are experiencing) tend to indicate lower ratings of enjoyment of violent humor than people with lower levels of empathy. Based on these results, one can conclude that
level of empathy correlates negatively with enjoyment of violent humor
In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development?
longitudinal
Jane Goodall lived among wild chimpanzees intermittently for decades, studying their social and family systems while keeping her interaction with the chimpanzees to a minimum. Her research method can most accurately be described as
naturalistic observation
An illusory correlation is best defined as a
perceived relationship where one does not exist
In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's
problem-solving strategies
Students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. The journalism students' data may not be generalizable due to
sampling bias
Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves
self-examination of mental processes
Psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of
sigmund freud
in a recent report, a developmental psychologist who studied peer pressure in middle schools obtained data from a large, representative sample of adolescents across the United States. This research most likely involved a
survey
An evolutionary psychologist would explainthat humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for
survival
Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that
time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario.
Marjorie's little brother tends to bother her when he is bored. Marjorie wants to figure out which toy will keep her brother occupied the longest so he will not bother her. She conducts a study where each day at 6P.M. for a week she gives her brother a different toy and on one of the days she gives him no toys to play with. She measures the amount of time he spends playing with each toy before he comes to bother her. Which of the following is the independent variable in this example?
type of toy