AP U.S. History: Chapter 18

The American military leader whose strategic military and diplomatic mission opened Japan up to the United States in 1853-1854 was

Matthew Perry

Stephen A. Douglas's plans for deciding the slavery question in the Kansas-Nebraska scheme required repeal of the

Missouri Compromise

For a short time in the 1850s, William Walker, an American adventurer, seized political and military control of

Nicaragua

During the debate of 1850, ____ argued that there was a higher law than the Constitution that compelled him to demand the exclusion of slavery from the territories.

William H. Seward

Of those people going to California during the gold rush

a distressing high proportion were lawless men

For the political views he expressed in his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster was viciously condemned by

abolitionists and Free-Soilers

The United States' victory in the Mexican War resulted in all of the following except

acquisition of the Oregon territory

The Underground Railroad consisted of

an informal network of homes where slaves could hide on their escape to freedom

In order to maintain the two great political parties as vital bonds of national unity, party leaders in the later 1840s

avoided a full public discussion of and debate about slavery

Harriet Tubman gained fame

by helping slaves to escape to Canada

In his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster

called for a new, more stringent fugitive-slave law as a political concession to the South

The Free Soilers were most concerned about that one of the adverse long-term effects of extending slavery in the western territories would

cause costly wage labor to wither away and, thus, close the opportunity for the American worker to own property

Southern delegates met at a convention in Nashville in the June of 1850 to

condemn the political compromises over slavery being worked out in Congress

Most American leaders believed that the only way to keep the new Pacific Coast territories from breaking away from United States control was to

construct a transcontinental railroad

In light of future evidence, it seems apparent that in the Compromise of 1850 the South made a tactical blunder and exacerbated sectional tensions by

demanding a strong fugitive-slave law

Northerners feared that the Fugitive Slave Act threatened to set a dangerous constitutional precedent for white Americans because it

denied fleeing slaves a trial by jury

An event that helped prompt the congressional enactment of the Compromise in 1850 was when President Zachary Taylor

died suddenly and a conciliatory Millard Fillmore became president

The event that threatened to destroy the longstanding balance of free and slave states in the United States Senate was the

discovery of gold in California and its bid for statehood

The public liked popular sovereignty because it

fit in with the democratic tradition of self-determination

Historians have attributed all of the following to Douglas's motives for championing the Kansas-Nebraska Act except

his deep passion and long-standing commitment to addressing and solving the vexing slavery issue in the United States

The Free Soilers condemned slavery because

it destroyed the chances of free white workers to rise from wage-earning to self-employment

The Free Soil party of 1848 harbored many northerners who stood squarely against slavery in the territories primarily on the grounds that

it destroyed the chances of free white workers to rise up from wage-earning dependence

The election of 1852 was significant because it

marked the end of the Whig party

With the discovery of gold near Sutter's Mill, California, in 1848, all of the following took place except

most of the first wave of miners struck it rich in California with lucrative, easy, and plentiful discoveries of gold

In 1848, the Free Soil party platform advocated all of the following except

permitting slavery in selected western territories acquired through the Mexican War

Stephen A. Douglas proposed that the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Territory be decided by

popular sovereignty or democratic vote by the white male residents of each divided territory

Senator John C. Calhoun's plan to protect the South and slavery and maintain the Union involved all of the following except

prevent the spread of slavery in the California territory

The Wilmot Proviso, if adopted, would have

prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War

In the 1848 presidential election, the Democratic and Whig parties

remained silent on the issue of slavery

During the 1850s, slaves probably gained their freedom most frequently by

self-purchase or voluntary emancipation

The fatal split in the Whig party in 1852 occurred over

slavery

All of the following were results of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 except

the Underground Railroad scaled back its efforts

The South grew increasingly worried about the future of slavery because

the admission of California might permanently tip the political balance against them

Undoubtedly the most durable political offspring of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was

the emergence of the new Republican political party

Many northern states passed personal liberty laws in response to the Compromise of 1850's provision regarding

the facilitation of the retune of runaway slaves to slaveowners

The two major parties kept the focus on the 1848 presidential election campaign on

the personalities of Senator Cass and General Taylor

A southern route for the transcontinental railroad seemed the best because

the railroad would be easier to build along the proposed southern route because of the topography and the proposed southern route would pass through either existing states or organized territories

The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 included all of the following provisions except

the requirement that fugitive slaves be returned from Canada

The most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850 to northerners was the concession to the South concerning

the revised, more stringent and coercive Fugitive Slave Law

The Pierce administration's covert scheme to gain control of Cuba was stopped when

the secret Ostend Manifesto was leaked to the public

According to the principle of popular sovereignty, the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by

the self-determination of people in any given territory

The debate over slavery in the Mexican Cession

threatened to split national politics along North-South lines

In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was

to be decided by popular sovereignty

One of Stephen Douglas's mistakes in proposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was

underestimating the depth of northern opposition to the spread of slavery

Daniel Webster's famed Seventh of March speech in 1850 resulted in

visibly strengthened Union sentiment and especially pleased northern banking and commercial centers

Some Southerners felt Cuba would be an enticing prospect for annexation for all of the following reasons except it

was not controlled by any European power and would be easily acquired by welcoming Cuban population living on the Caribbean island

By 1850, the South

was relatively well off, politically and economically

The Young Guard, composed of certain Senators and Representatives from the North,

were most interested in purging and purifying the Union than in preserving it

The issue of runaway slaves was important to most southerners because

while the overall loss of property was relatively insignificant, the loss of honor and the passing of moral judgments by northerners were felt more

By 1850, the South was losing perhaps ____ runaways a year out of its total of some 4 million slaves.

1,000

In the debates of 1850, Senator William H. Seward, as a representative of the northern Young Guard, argued that

Christian legislators must obey God's moral law

The primary objective of Manifest Destiny expansionists in the 1850s was

Cuba

Which of the following was not among the issues that concerned southerners in 1849-1850?

There was a growing chance that a constitutional amendment would abolish slavery

On July 3, 1844, the first formal diplomatic agreement between the United States and China was the

Treaty of Wanghia