APES Chapter 15

10. The Earth Policy Institute estimates that by 2025, China will use how much more oil than the United States? a. 2 times b. 3 times c. 4 times d. 5 times e. 10 times

c

15. What percentage of the U.S. oil consumption was imported in 2012? a. 85% b. 60% c. 39% d. 35% e. 24%

c

19. Approximately 75% of the world's tar sand resources are located in which country? a. The United States b. Russia c. Canada d.Iraq e. Ukraine

c

21. Which of the following is true of natural gas? a. It is easy to transport. b. It has a high net energy ratio. c. It emits less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels. d. It is pumped into pressurized tanks at deep sea oil rigs. e. It is found more in the U.S. than in Russia

c

17. Almost 72% of the world's reserves of oil shale are found in ____. a. the United States b. Russia c. Canada d. Iraq e. Ukraine

a

23. Between 2010 and 2050, the demand for natural gas in the United States is expected to ____. a. double b. triple c. stay the same d. decrease by 10% e. decrease by 50%

a

38. The slowest growing form of commercial energy in the world is a. nuclear b. coal c. oil d. natural gas e. solar

a

48. Oil shale and tar sand as energy sources have some disadvantages. What is not one of these? a. low net energy yield b. severe land disruption c. low potential supplies d. releases carbon dioxide and other air pollutants when produced and burned e. high water use

a

What is the total amount of high-quality energy available after the energy needed to make it available is subtracted? a. net energy b. total energy c. useful energy d. gross energy e. entropy

a

13. The Arctic Circle holds enough technically recoverable crude oil to meet global oil demand for how long at high production costs? a. 5 months b. 3 years c. 5 years d. 10 years e. 20 years

b

2. The second law of thermodynamics dictates that ____. a. low-quality energy be es static b. some high-quality energy is always degraded c. the amount of energy in the universe is constantly changing d. high-quality energy does not degrade e. low-quality energy is required to get high-quality energy

b

20. If natural gas prices remain affordable, increased production would ____. a. make nuclear plants more affordable b. reduce the use of coal-burning plants c. accelerate the use of solar power d. accelerate the use of wind power e. result in the U.S. imposing natural gas

b

24. Which of the following is the primary gas in natural gas? a. ethane b. methane c. propane d. butane e. hydrogen sulfide

b

26. Conventional natural gas is often found in deposits above what other resource? a. oil b. water c. coal d. peat e. uranium

b

36. According to the U.S. Energy Administration and the Worldwatch Institute, when the harmful costs of using coal are included in the cost of coal, it becomes the ____. a. most expensive way to produce electricity b. second most expensive way to produce electricity c. third most expensive way to produce electricity d. fourth most expensive way to produce electricity e. least expensive way to produce electricity

b

37. Burning coal, along with removing pollutants from the emissions, results in the accumulation of several substances. What is not one of these? a. radioactive radon b. uranium c. arsenic d. lead e. mercury

b

50. Nuclear power advocates contend that increased use of nuclear power decreases what type of emission that contributes to climate change? a. water vapor b. carbon dioxide c. carbon monoxide d. sulfur dioxide e. nitrous oxides

b

27. U.S. coal companies and coal-burning utilities have suggested that there is something called clean coal. Which statement is false about this product? a. Stricter pollution controls will not stop the release of some carbon dioxide. b. Burning coal will always result in production of hazardous ash. c. One type of coal is significantly cleaner than other types. d. Climate scientist James Hansen calls coal the single greatest threat to civilization. e. Air pollutants will always be released by burning coal.

c

29. Which of the following countries has the largest proven reserves of coal? a. Russia b. China c. U.S. d. Australia e. India

c

30. In the U.S., coal-burning power plants produce what percentage of the electricity? a. 2% b. 21% c. 37% d. 19% e. 9%

c

33. Which of the following statements does not apply to burning coal? a. Burning coal is the dirtiest of all fossil fuels b. Burning coal releases large amounts of black carbon particulates c. Burning coal emits trace amounts of radioactive materials d. Burning coal produces a highly toxic ash e. Burning coal has led to very limited reserves.

c

34. How is coal formed? a. from hydrothermal deposits b.from igneous intrusions c. from 300 to 400 million year old plant remains d. from one million year old marine deposits e. from oil deposits that have solidified

c

35. In the United States, fine-particle pollution, mostly from older coal-burning power plants, kills how many people each year? a. 5,000 b. 7,000 c. 13,000 d. 18,000 e. 24,000

c

4. Currently, oil has a high net energy ratio because it ____. a. is found in small deposits b. is found in stable countries c. comes from cheap-to-extract deposits d. comes from inaccessible places e. does not take much money to get it

c

41. Who assumes most of the financial burden for finding ways to store nuclear waste? a. state governments b. private companies c. the U.S. federal government d. investors e. local governments

c

43. The worst nuclear power accident in the United States occurred in 1979 in what state? a. New York b. Connecticut c. Pennsylvania d. California e. Washington

c

44. By 2011, the growing supply of natural gas led to ____ in the United States. a. less development of alternative fuels b. increased demand c. lower natural gas prices d. a decrease in oil demand e. higher oil prices

c

47. Which of the following is not an advantage of using conventional crude oil as an energy source? a. high net energy yield b. efficient distribution system c. environmental costs included in market price d. ample supply for several decades e. low land disruption

c

8. Which country is projected to be the world's largest producer of oil by 2017? a. Russia b. Canada c. The United States d. Ukraine e. Iraq

c

11. What do scientists use to show the locations and sizes of various rock formations that may contain oil? a. geologic maps b. topographic maps c. tables of drilling information d. 3-D seismic maps e. satellite maps

d

14. Which of the following is true if the rate of global consumption continues to grow exponentially at 2% per year? a. Saudi Arabian proven reserves would meet world demand for seven years. b. Proven reserves under Alaska's North Slope would meet U.S. demand for 18 years. c. Alaska's ANWR unproven reserves would meet world demand for 24 months. d. The Bakken oil formation in the U.S. would last 10 years. e. We would need reserves equal to 27 more Saudi Arabias.

d

16. Oil sand is made up of all of the following except ____. a. bitumen b. water c. clay d. natural gas e. sand

d

18. The point at which pressure in a well begins to drop and production begins to decline is called the ____. a. decline point b. end point c. reduction point d. peak production e. dropping point

d

25. Which of the following countries has the largest proven reserves of natural gas? a. Iran b. Qatar c. United States d. Russia e. Saudi Arabia

d

40. Which of the following is true of nuclear powered electricity generation? a. reduced supplies of uranium b. low CO2 emissions c. higher land disruption than coal d. low net energy yield e. requires no subsidies

d

42. The major accident at the nuclear power plant in 2011 in Japan was caused by a. a cyclone b. a hurricane c. coastal erosion d. a tsunami e. human error

d

45. If oil prices remain high, which country is projected to become the largest producer of oil? a. China b. Saudi Arabia c. Canada d. United States e. Iraq

d

49. Oil shale and tar sand as energy sources have some advantages. What is not one of these? a. large potential supplies b. easily transported within countries c. efficient distribution system in place d. easily transported between countries e. high net energy yield

d

12. Which country has the largest portion of the world's light oil reserves? a. China b. United States c. Russia d. Ukraine e. Venezuela

e

22. In what location would you most expect to find methane hydrate gas? a. Arctic ice sheet b. Greenland ice sheet c. high mountain glaciers d. permanent snow pack e. Tundra permafrost

e

28. When compared to burning coal directly, producing synfuels has several disadvantages. What is not one of these? a. Producing synfuels requires mining 50% more coal. b. Production and burning of synfuels could release 50% more carbon dioxide. c. Synfuels have lower net energy yield than conventional coal. d. Synfuels require greatly increased use of water. e. Supplies are quite low.

e

31. In China air pollution causes as many as ____ deaths per year. a. 1,000 b. 35,000 c. 200,000 d. 650,000 e. 1,000,000

e

32. Coal can be converted to liquid fuels such as methanol and synthetic gasoline through a process called ____. a. coal fusion b. synfuel hydrolysis c. coal synthesis d. coal gasification e. coal liquefaction

e

39. Waste from the production of nuclear weapons must be stored for how long before it is safe? a. 25 years b. 100 years c. 1,000 years d. 150,000 years e. 240,000 years

e

46. The United States uses what percentage of oil to meet its energy needs? a. 6% b. 8% c. 11% d. 26% e. 37%

e

5. Any energy resource with a low or negative net energy yield cannot compete in the open marketplace with other energy alternatives with high net energy yields unless it is ____. a. the only source of energy b. valued by long-term customers c. advertised through the appropriate channels d. stamped for approval under federal regulations e. subsidized by the government or some other funding source

e

6. Nuclear energy is only available to consumers throughout the world at an affordable cost because ____. a. competition keeps the prices low b. competition is nonexistent in this area c. nuclear energy has a high net energy yield d. uranium is widely available e. governments provide subsidies

e

7. Which of the following countries is a member of OPEC? a. Russia b. Canada c. The United States d. Ukraine e. Iraq

e

9. Using a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals under high pressure to free tightly held oil and natural gas is known as ____. a. mud drilling b. rotary drilling c. high density pumping d. hacking e. fracking

e

In order to get high-quality energy, you must use high-quality energy. This rule is the result of which of the following? a. the law of diminishing returns b. the law of gravity c. the universal law of energy d. the first law of thermodynamics e. the second law of thermodynamics

e