APES

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that comes only from human sources?

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide and particulates are emitted by volcanoes. Particulates form stratospheric aerosols that reflect sunlight. Which of the following best describes the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide and stratospheric aerosols?

Carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, and aerosols cause cooling.

Catalytic converters reduce which of the following pairs of pollutants in car exhaust?

Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons

Which of the following substances is released by CFC's and catalyzes a chain reaction that breaks down ozone in the upper atmosphere?

Chlorine

The diagram below is an illustration of global atmospheric circulation. Which of the following is a biome found at 30° N and 30° S as seen in the diagram?

Coniferous forests

Which of the following would most likely reduce the concentration of ground-level ozone in the air of a city?

Decrease in the emissions of nitrogen oxides

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an effect of global warming?

Decreased rate of photosynthesis in vegetation

Which of the following shows the approximate concentration of CO2 , N2 , and O2 in dry air?

E, Co2- <1%, N2- 78%, O2- 21%

Directions: The following question(s) refer to the graph below. The graph below shows the average pH of precipitation from several regions of the world. Approximately how many more times acidic, in terms of H+ concentration, is precipitation in the northeastern United States as compared to precipitation in the South Pacific?

10

Directions: The following questions(s) refer to the diagram below, which illustrates Earth's atmospheric greenhouse effect. The solid arrows and the dashed arrows indicate the direction of solar radiation and infrared radiation, respectively, which flow to and from Earth, the atmosphere, and space. The numbers express units, in relative terms, of the total incoming solar or outgoing infrared energy.

60

Which of the following would be the strongest evidence in support of a scientist's contention that a local area was experiencing acid deposition?

An increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond

Which of the following is the human health impact most closely associated with atmospheric particulates?

Asthma

Particulates can be removed from smokestack emissions by which of the following methods?

Electrostatic precipitators

Directions: The following question(s) refer to the graph below. A series of experiments was designed to test the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the productivity of polar phytoplankton. Samples of these single-celled organisms were placed in four tanks, which were exposed to ambient natural solar radiation and to three modifications of ambient radiation. The design of the experiments is shown in the table below, along with measurements of photosynthesis in each tank. Which of the following inferences is supported by the results of this series of experiments?

Increased UV penetration through the Antarctic ozone hole would further depress productivity of phytoplankton.

Which of the following is part of a positive feedback mechanism associated with global climate change?

Melting of Arctic sea ice

Sixty-five percent of global greenhouse gas emissions are made up of carbon dioxide, while only sixteen percent are made up of methane gas. Which of the following best explains why scientists are increasingly concerned about the effect of methane gas emissions on global climate if they are a relatively small percent of greenhouse gases released? Responses

Methane gas has a higher global warming potential (GWPGWP) than carbon dioxide does, so it can trap more heat in the atmosphere.

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following questions(s) refer to the following list of United States and international environmental regulations and treaties. (A) Endangered Species Act (B) Kyoto Protocol (C) Montreal Protocol (D) National Environmental Policy Act (E) Wilderness Act Question Addressed the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion

Montreal Protocol

Based on the diagram, which of the following best illustrates how the biosphere can affect global climate change?

Producers use solar energy for photosynthesis, decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in plant tissue.

The map reflects the difference in annual surface temperature from 2011 to 2017 in relation to 2000 to 2010. The scatterplot reflects the average change in surface temperature by latitude from 2011 to 2017 in relation to 2000 to 2010. Based on the data above, which of the following hypotheses about the future conditions in the Arctic is most plausible if the trend seen from 2011 to 2017 continues?

The albedo will decrease.

The graph below shows the altitude and temperature for different layers of Earth's atmosphere. Based on the diagram, which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratopause and the tropopause?

The ozone layer is in the stratosphere.

Which of the following is true about the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 ?

They allowed power plants to buy and sell SO2 pollution allowances.

Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when

a persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

Although levels of CFCs in the atmosphere are much lower than those of CO2 , CFCs are still potent greenhouse gases because they

are much more efficient at absorbing thermal radiation

The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by

coal-burning power plants

The spread of infectious diseases is expected to increase with climate change, mainly because

warmer temperatures allow disease-carrying insects to survive in areas that were once too cold