APHUG Rubenstein: Chapter 3 - Key Issue 3

15. Briefly describe the role of transportation in examining intervening obstacles and migration.

Planes can fly over obstacles. Cars are practical and can handle everyday terrain.

9. What was the name of the route the Cherokees took?

The Trail of Tears

16. Describe how Ireland's relative attractiveness for migration shifted with economic changes.

When the economy produced net out migration, no one came. Economy reversed, and many people came into the country to create a net in migration.

10. Describe the effects of the five removals on both whites and Indians.

Whites= the Natives leaving the south opened up 100,000 square kilometers for them Indians= they were moved into an environment that was too dry to sustain their traditional ways of obtaining food and other important resources

11. Define floodplain. What is a "100 year floodplain"?

an area subject to flooding during a specific # of years based on historical trends. 100yr floodplain is an area that can expect flooding on average once every century.

12. How has desertification in parts of Africa influenced migration?

desertification is the deterioration of land to desert like conditions due to human actions. They are less likely to live in desert regions of Africa because of drought conditions.

13. Define intervening obstacle.

environmental or political feature that hinders migration

5. Define asylum seeker.

someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

4. Define internally displaced person (IDP).

someone who is forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee, but has not migrated across an international border

3. Define refugee.

someone who is forced to migrate to another country to avoid the effects of armed conflict, generalized violence, violation of human rights, or fear of persecution (because of race, religion, nationality, membership in social groups, or political opinion)

23. Many teenage males between the age of 12 and 17 are entering the United States undocumented. Where are they mostly coming from? Why?

Honduras & El Salvador because of increased gang violence.

14. Briefly describe the role of physical geography in examining intervening obstacles and migration.

In the past, the physical geography of the Earth was very important in transporting migrants (ex. Oceans or rivers). Or it was an obstacle because, for example, mountains could block a path.

8. Describe the Indian Removal Act of 1830. List the groups affected and where they were from.

It was the forced migration of Native Americans from the southeastern U.S. to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Cherokee=Georgia; Chickasaw=Mississippi; Choctaw=Mississippi; Creek=Alabama; Seminole=Florida

18. (Part 1) Complete the chart, taking notes on Asia's migrant workers in South and East Asia.

-migrants in search of work emigrate FROM there -2 million from India, Bangladesh, China, and Pakistan

18. (Part 2) Complete the chart, taking notes on Asia's migrant workers in Southwest Asia.

-poor working conditions -only Israel & Oman are "safe" -lack adequate protection for workers' rights -worried there will be political unrest & abandonment of Islamic customs

19. List 3 facts about remittances worldwide.

-total amount = $550 billon in 2013 -increasing by nearly 10% annually -important source of wealth for people in developing countries

20. What were Ravenstein's two theories on gender and family-status patterns in migration? How have some of those patterns changed?

1 - most long distance migrants were male 2 - most long distance migrants were adult individuals rather than families with children. Pattern Change= women & children have constituted a high percentage of migrants for a long time now

22. What are the two factors that have contributed to a larger share of female immigrants in developed countries?

1. - Most people migrate to developing countries for jobs. High percentage of women in the labor force in these countries. 2. - Developed countries have made it possible for wives to join their immigrated husbands.

7. In 2014, where did the largest amount of refugees come from?

Afghanistan and Syria

17. How does the U.S., Canada, and European countries view economic migrants versus refugees.

Economic migrants are generally not admitted unless they have special skills. Refugees receive special priority for admission to countries other than these.

2. (Part 2) Complete the chart with specific examples of "environmental" push and pull factors and where people are being pushed from and pulled to. (Read pages 93-96)

Push Factors- Hazardous area; polluted air and congestion; too little or too much water. Pull Factors- Attractive: relatively remote, but not too isolated from employment, shopping, & entertainment opportunities; mountains, seasides, warm environment; proximity to the Rocky Mountains makes some American states appealing; has a less harsh environment than your own.

2. (Part 1) Complete the chart with specific examples of "cultural/political" push and pull factors and where people are being pushed from and pulled to. (Read pages 93-96)

Push Factors- Native Americans being forced by the U.S. government out of their land to Oklahoma; family status/school changes; fleeing government persecution. Pull Factors- Some family members may live in another country, so you move there too (chain migration); you like another country's political leader more than your own.

2. (Part 3) Complete the chart with specific examples of "economic" push and pull factors and where people are being pushed from and pulled to. (Read pages 93-96)

Push Factors- economy advantages begin to decline; the Great Depression. Pull Factors- job opportunities; relative attractiveness increases when the economy is better.

1. What are push factors and pull factors?

Push Factors- induces people to MOVE OUT of their present location Pull Factors- induces people to MOVE INTO a new location

6. According to the United Nations in 2014, what was the count of each of the three groups (refugees, internally displaced person, and asylum seeker)?

Refugees= 19.5 million IDPs= 38.2 million Asylum Seekers= 1.8 million

21. According to Ravenstein's model, why were males more likely to migrate than females? When in the U.S. did females begin to outnumber males?

Searching for work was the main reason and males were more likely to get hired. 1970.