APUSH MIDTERM

"[After the mid-nineteenth century,] Whites did not set out, directly at least, to destroy the Indians' life. They were simply following a script that had no Indians in it, except as exotic relics. Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Comanches, Kiowas, and Plains Apaches were pushed aside by consequences of another dream. . . . The advantages of the invader were incalculable—a population hundreds of times that of the Indians, gigantic reserves of capital, a technology capable of changing its world with a twitch. Despite their adaptive genius, the plains nomads could not possibly sustain themselves against that force. "Plains Indians were left with two dreadful choices. They could try to accommodate, surrendering their vision, or they could try to resist the inevitable." Elliott West, historian, The Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers, and the Rush to Colorado, 1998 The developments described in the excerpt were mos

A American Indian competition for land with miners, farmers, and settlers

The pattern depicted on the graph from 1450 to 1800 best serves as evidence of which of the following? Responses A The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies B The development of varied systems of racial categorization in the European colonies C The effectiveness of the abolitionist movement in Europe and the Americas D The susceptibility of enslaved populations to New World diseases

A The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies

Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States following the potato famine of the 1840s settled in Responses A urban areas of the North B seacoast cities of the South C rural sections of the Old Northwest D California E Appalachia

A- urban areas of the North

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the Responses A measure's endorsement of popular sovereignty B admittance of Missouri as a slave state and the establishment of the 36°30' line C passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act D admittance of Texas as a slave state E legislation permitted the surveying of a southern transcontinental railway line

C passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

"So many people ask me what they shall do; so few tell me what they can do.Yet this is the pivot wherein all must turn. "I believe that each of us who has his place to make should go where men are wanted, and where employment is not bestowed as alms. Of course, I say to all who are in want of work, GoWest! . . . "On the whole I say, stay where you are; do as well as you can; and devote every spare hour to making yourself familiar with the conditions and dexterity required for the efficient conservation of out-door industry in a new country. Having mastered these, gather up your family and GoWest!" Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, letter to R. L. Sanderson, 1871 The advice in the excerpt most directly reflects the influence of which of the following prevailing American ideas? Responses A Nationalism B Popular sovereignty C Manifest Destiny D Isolationism

C- Manifest Destiny

Question refers to the August 1788 image below. In the decade following the publication of the image, which of the following groups expressed the most opposition to the exercise of power by the national government? Responses A Loyalists B Whigs C Federalists D Democratic-Republicans

D Democratic-Republicans

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? Responses A They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi. B They were limited to noncombat duty. C They were barred form receiving awards for valor in combat. D For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. E For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.

D For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

The Supreme Court established which of the following by its ruling in Marbury v. Madison ? Responses A States have the authority to nullify acts of Congress. B The Bank of the United States is constitutional under the implied powers clause. C States may not interfere with interstate commerce. D The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts. E Government contracts cannot be repealed by popular majority.

D The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts.

Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct? Responses A It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812. B It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson. C It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years. D It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. E It called for an end to the European presence in South America.

D-It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency.

The territorial changes shown in the southwestern region of the map most directly resulted from Responses A treaties made with American Indian nations B the purchase of land from France and Spain C the Spanish-American War D the Mexican-American War

D-the Mexican-American War

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for Responses A the prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory B the primacy of federal law over state-legislated Black Codes C the abolition of the international slave trade D the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War E federal return of fugitive slaves

D-the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

The primary objective of the founders of the Know-Nothing party was the Responses A abolition of slavery B establishment of free public schools C improvement of factory working conditions D prohibition of communitarian experiments E restriction of the rights of immigrants

E restriction of the rights of immigrants

When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to Responses A end the Civil War B abolish slavery C free slaves held in the border sates D alienate Britain and France E strengthen the moral cause of the Union

E strengthen the moral cause of the Union

Let Southern oppressors tremble .... I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement .... I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice." The author of the statement above was

E-William L. Garrison

On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in Responses A shipping capacity B total population C railroad mileage D firearms production E experienced military leadership

E-experienced military leadership

Thomas Jefferson disagreed with Alexander Hamilton's economic plan primarily because he feared that it would Responses A make the new nation dependent on foreign markets for its exports B prevent the expansion of slavery to new states C lead to a military alliance with Great Britain against revolutionary France D lead to heavy taxes on whiskey producers in Pennsylvania E promote urban mercantile interests at the expense of agricultural interests

E-promote urban mercantile interests at the expense of agricultural interests

"In 1680 Pueblo leaders united most of their communities against the European intruders....In a matter of weeks, the Pueblos had eliminated Spaniards from New Mexico above El Paso. The natives had killed over 400 of the province's 2,500 foreigners, destroyed or sacked every Spanish building, and laid waste to the Spaniards' fields. There could be no mistaking the deep animosity that some natives, men as well as their influential wives and mothers, held toward their former oppressors.... Some Pueblo leaders...urged an end to all things Spanish as well as Christian. After the fighting subsided, they counselled against speaking Castilian or planting crops introduced by the Europeans." David J. Weber, historian, The Spanish Frontier in North America, 1992 English colonization patterns in North America differed most from Spanish colonization in that the English Responses A more often settled as families and rare

A more often settled as families and rarely intermarried with Native Americans

"I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?" Frederick Douglass, African American activist, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?," speech, 1852 In the except Douglass implicitly contrasted the African American experience with ide

A the Declaration of Independence

The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that . . . they have in common with all other men a natural and inalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind, and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever. . . . ". . . Every principle from which America has acted in the course of her unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration, and cause an act of the legislature to be passed, whereby they may be restored to the enjoyment of that [freedom] which is the natural right of all men." Petition to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, January 1777 Arguments such as that in the

B A growing sectional divide about slavery and its expansion

May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Which of the following contributed most directly to the enactment of the law in the excerpt? Responses A The increasing divergence between colonial and British culture in the 1700s B Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) C The

B Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)

Which of the following statement about the Dred Scott decision is correct? Responses A It recognized the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on technical grounds to free Scott. B It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States. C It upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. D It upheld the principle of popular sovereignty. E It freed Scott, but not other slaves in circumstances similar to Scott's.

B It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States.

The Republican Party of the 1850s took which of the following positions on slavery? Responses A Residents of territories could decide on the basis of popular sovereignty whether to have slavery. B Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be extended into territories or new states. C The federal government should abolish slavery. D The federal government should purchase slaves from their masters and relocate them to the west coast of Africa. E Slavery was a state issue, and the federal government should play no role in its regulation.

B Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be extended into territories or new states.

Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina? Responses A The Dred Scott decision B The election of 1860 C The Wilmot Proviso D John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry E The attack on Charles Sumner

B The election of 1860

Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" Responses A Congress has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist. B The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. C Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. D The American people shall decide where slavery will exist through a national plebiscite. E Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.

B The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there.

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it Responses A represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory B forestalled the possibility of European intervention C resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy D marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army E confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general

B forestalled the possibility of European intervention

The normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom. That as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national [western] territory, ordained that 'no person should be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law,' it becomes our duty by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States." Republican Party platform, 1860 The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most directly influenced by the Responses A nativist movement B free-soil movement C Texas independence movement D temperance movement

B free-soil movement

The Union's victory at Gettysburg was significant because it Responses A prevented Britain and Russia from intervening in the Civil War B prompted Abraham Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation C halted the last major Confederate invasion of the North D gave the Union control over the Mississippi River E caused the Confederacy to surrender

C halted the last major Confederate invasion of the North

The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? . . . It is the judgment of this court that it appears . . . that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen . . . in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution." United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 The decision in the excerpt held which of the following to be unconstitutional? Responses A The Northwest Ordinance B The Louisiana Purchase C The Missouri Compromise D The Wilmot Proviso

C The Missouri Compromise

The Vigilance Committee of Boston inform you that the MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed.... Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest. Come, then, by the early trains on MONDAY, and rally.... Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you." Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 The issuing of documents such as the proclamation generally had which of the following effects? Responses A Accumulating support for the theory of slavery as a positive good B Encouraging armed rebellion

C Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in Responses A Texas B California C Kansas D Missouri E Oregon

C Kansas

Most young women who worked in the Lowell, Massachusetts, textile mills during the 1830s experienced all of the following EXCEPT Responses A freedom from parental authority B long hours and periodic pay cuts C continued employment after marriage D demands upon their wages by their families E camaraderie with fellow workers

C continued employment after marriage

From the complex struggles of the 1780s, the Founding Fathers extracted a simple lesson: that the uneducated farmers who seized the ship of state during the American Revolution had [nearly] driven it aground. From the Founders' perspective, the policies adopted by the state legislatures in the 1780s proved that ordinary Americans were not entirely capable of ruling themselves. . . . ". . . But many Americans who lived through the postwar era—probably, in fact, the vast majority of them—saw things differently. They admitted that the state assemblies had badly damaged the American economy. In sharp contrast to the future Framers of the Constitution, however, they attributed the recession of the 1780s to elite, not popular, misrule. . . . ". . . Far from simply griping about particular policies, they were making the case that they possessed the ability to govern themselves." Woody Holton, historian, Unrul

C- says rebellion

MAJOR CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES, c. 1830 Which of the following most directly contributed to the construction of canals depicted on the map? Responses A The building of a national telegraph system B The expansion of cotton exports to Europe C Funding from state governments and private investors D The extensive use of enslaved laborers

C-Funding from state governments and private investors

The trend shown in the map led most directly to which of the following? Responses A A decreasing gap in wealth because land ownership increased among White citizens B Decreasing tensions between White settlers and Native Americans because expanded United States territory undercut competition C Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories D Increasing legal immigration for Asians because the United States became a Pacific Rim country

C-Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories

"The Americas were discovered in 1492, and the first Christian settlements established by the Spanish the following year.... [I]t would seem... that the Almighty selected this part of the world as home to the greater part of the human race.... [T]heir delicate constitutions make them unable to withstand hard work or suffering and render them liable to succumb to almost any illness, no matter how mild. . . . It was upon these gentle lambs... that, from the very first day they clapped eyes on them, the Spanish fell like ravening wolves upon the fold, or like tigers and savage lions who have not eaten meat for days. . . . The native population, which once numbered some five hundred thousand, was wiped out by forcible expatriation to the island of Hispaniola." Bartolomé de Las Casas, 1552 An implication of Las Casas' argument is that a major cause of the decline of the native populations in the Americas after 14

D epidemics brought to the Americas by Europeans

We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that Responses A slavery was immoral B capitalism was the economic system most likely to generate wealth and happiness for the most people C the South needed to change to survive D slaves lived better than northern factory workers E industrialists took care of their workers' welfare

D slaves lived better than northern factory workers

The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his wrath towards you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire; . . . and yet it is nothing but his hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quotation above contains ideas typical of Responses A the Enlightenment B the Anti-Federalists C Quakerism D the Great Awakening E antinomianism

D the Great Awakening

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification of the Constitution only after Responses A slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference B several slave revolts rocked the Carolinas and Virginia C they were assured that the Supreme Court would have the power of judicial review D they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification E the other states threatened to organize the government without them

D they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification