chapter 5 poli sci

How many Asian Americans currently serve in Congress?

12

Which amendment passed at the end of the war granted African American men the right to vote?

15th amendment

Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?

19th

In which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?

2007

Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black.

95

Which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Which groups have historically lacked equality in the United States?

Catholics women Asian Americans

Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

Cesar Chavez

Who was the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party?

Geraldine Ferraro

What sociologist authored the book An American Dilemma?

Gunnar Myrdal

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?

He did not believe there was a precise mea

In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians

In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians

Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?

More than half grow up in a single-parent family.

Which of the following Native American tribes have a majority who speak native languages at home?

Navajo Pueblo

Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?

Obergefell v. Hodges

Which of the following are among redlining's legacies?

Segregated neighborhoods still exist. Hispanics and African Americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites).

In which 2013 case did the Supreme Court invalidate Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act that included the formula for determining which states and counties were subject to federal oversight?

Shelby County v. Holder

Which of the following is an ongoing struggle between state governments and Native American tribal governments?

States want to control casino gambling on Native American reservations.

Which of the following Hispanic politicians were top contenders for the Republican presidential nomination?

Ted Cruz Marco Rubio

Intermediate Scrutiny Test

The middle level of scrutiny the courts use when determining whether unequal treatment is justified by the effect of a law; this is the standard used for gender-based discrimination cases and for many cases based on sexual orientation.

in which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was unconstitutional?

United States v Virginia

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was unconstitutional?

United States v. Virginia

Which policy required the federal government to begin implementing measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?

affirmative action

Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment

civil rights

In order for an affirmative action program to be upheld as constitutional, the Supreme Court requires that government prove what kind of interest?

compelling

What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?

discrimination

The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned

discrimination in public accommodations.

Although many Americans believe that the concept of ______ includes such things as access to jobs and health care, others argue that it means only that people are all treated the same under the law. Multiple choice question.

equality

What accounts for the fact that Hispanics are healthier and have a longer life expectancy than would be predicted based on their education and income levels?

family structure

In Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of suspect , Incorrect Unavailable classifications even though such classifications need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income.

gender , sex

What portion of congressional seats are held by women?

less than a quarter

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 classified which of the following as legally protected groups?

minorities women

How many Hispanics currently serve in the U.S. House of Representatives?

more than 30

Southern states used a number of devices to prevent African Americans from voting, including which of the following?

poll taxes literacy tests whites-only primaries

Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?

reasonable-basis test

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared that "" but equal facilities do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.

separated

Rioting broke out in 1957 during

the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School.

Concerning age discrimination in employment, the courts have given employers the right to force individuals to retire based on

the nature of the job. the performance of a particular employee.

Which of the following are rights gays and lesbians had to fight for in the U.S.?

the right to openly enlist in the military the right to have the same benefits as traditional couples

The Supreme Court decision in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) ______ affirmative action.

upheld

Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act are true?

-It requires government agencies to take steps to make their buildings accessible to persons with disabilities. -It grants certain employment protections to persons with disabilities.

Which of the following accurately describes women and poverty?

-Many poor working women find that their wages cannot cover child-care expenses. -Single-parent women who work in nonprofessional fields are particularly vulnerable to poverty. -Most single-parent families are headed by women and one-third of those live below the poverty line.

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

A state requires separate public bathrooms for black and white people. Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections.

reasonable basis test

A test applied by courts to laws that treat individuals unequally. Such a law may be deemed constitutional if its purpose is held to be "reasonably" related to a legitimate government interest.

The Supreme Court decision in what case led many affirmative action opponents to believe that the Court may have been on its way to abolishing affirmative action completely?

Adarand v. Peña

Which proposed amendment to the Constitution was passed by the Congress in the early 1970s but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?

Equal Rights Amendment

Since the 1950s, how has the federal government responded to demands for equal rights for African Americans?

It passed a series of laws that secured fundamental rights for African Americans.

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Which is an accurate representation of the Hispanic population in the United States?

Their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years. The majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean islands.

strict scrutiny test

a test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest

Native Americans were not considered to be ______ until 1924.

citizens

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

discriminatory practices in mortgage lending discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods discriminatory practices in housing

What took the heaviest toll on the Native American population after white settlers arrived in what is now the U.S.?

disease

Affirmative action policies have been used by ______ to expand opportunities for women and minority group members.

employers educational institutions

Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

equal access to public facilities equal access to the opportunities society provides the right of every person to equal protection under the law

The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?

given moral strength to diverse movements inspired a hope for eventual equality been foundational in legal decisions

Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to

have a high median income. be college educated.

Hispanics in the U.S. are generally concentrated

in their states of entry.

The Supreme Court has stated that in order for an affirmative action program to be upheld, the program must be

narrowly tailored.

The preclearance provision of the Voting Rights Act states that designated states and counties must

obtain federal permission before making changes that might adversely affect a minority group.

Following the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, a number of southern congressmen wrote a letter titled the ______, urging state governments to "resist forced integration by any lawful means."

southern manifesto

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.

strict-scrutiny

Which type of discrimination is based on the law?

de jure discrimination

According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of

suspect classifications.

What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.

The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County.

The type of discrimination in which traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice despite legal protections is

de facto discrimination.

Which statement best describes the political engagement of most Asian Americans in the 1960s?

they were not involved

Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in

winning elective office.

What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?

wounded knee

In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans

Indian Civil Rights Act

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 entail?

It allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against black voters. It banned discriminatory voter registration practices.

Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

The average pay for women workers is only 80 percent of the amount earned by male workers. Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men.