APUSH Unit 4

Worcester v. Georgia

Georgia cannot enforce American laws on Indian tribes

Amana Colonies

German religious people involved with pietism, they continue to prosper and differed from shakers in that they allowed marriage.

e

Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT a) a tariff for the protection of industry b) internal improvements at national government expense c) greater reliance on domestic financial resources d) increased trade among the sections of the nation e) sale of federal lands to finance higher education

Florida Purchase Treaty

In 1819 Spain ceded Florida and other claims to Oregon in exchange for Texas. This gave land to Mexico but later caused Americans to fight against Mexicans for their old land.

D

In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were a) newly arrived immigrants form Ireland b) men who were heads of households c) married women whose children were of school age d) young unmarried women from rural New England e) free African Americans form urban areas

e

Politics in the antebellum United States changed dramatically because a) widespread electoral reform resulted in direct election of senators b) the power of the federal government expanded to ensure the equal protection of all citizens c) female suffrage became a topic of debate in the House of Representatives d) the government sought to assimilate American Indians in the West e) expanded White male suffrage broadened participation in elections

a

President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he a) feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery b) could find no support within his own party for admitting Texas c) believed that admitting Texas would violate international law d) acknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican government's claim to Texas e) was ideologically opposed to territorial expansion

C

The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it a) established the role of the federal government in internal improvements b) spurred innovation in the railroad industry c) strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions d) was the last major canal project before the Civil War e) made the invention of the steamboat economically viable

Second great awakening vs. First great awakening

The second great awakening was based on reform and fixing tangible problems with America, the first was a religious movement.

Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign

The term for the 1840 presidential campaign. Popular war hero, William Henry Harrison was the Whig candidate. He used log cabins and hard cider to portray his down-home heritage. He attacked Martin Van Buren as an aristocrat. Harrison and John Tyler won the election. (p. 199)

protective tariffs, a national bank, internal improvements

The three parts of Henry Clay's American system

Antebellum Period

The time period before the Civil War during which there were many reforms, including the establishment of free (tax-supported) public schools, improving the treatment of the mentally ill, controlling/abolishing the sale of alcohol, winning equal legal/political rights for women, and abolishing slavery.

Panic of 1819

This was the first widespread economic crisis in the United States which brought deflation, depression, bank failures, and unemployment. This set back nationalism and hurt the poorer class.

Treaty of 1818

Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years.

C

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to a) expand state control of economic activity b) restrict corporate development c) promote business enterprise d) restrict federal powers of taxation e) reduce federal control of the economy

John C. Calhoun

Vouched for the war of 1812 and a member of the warhawks along with Henry Clay

e

When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans - we are all federalists," he meant that a) federalists would be appointed to his cabinet b) Americans would never ally themselves with monarchial governments c) the two parties' platforms were identical d) he admired Hamilton's policies e) the principles of American government were above party politics

C

Which of the following explains how the growth of a market-based economy in the United States in the early 1800s most directly influenced changes in gender roles? a) As an economy based on commercial transactions encouraged society to become more secular, many young women gave up traditional families. b) As both men and women took paid employment, social and political inequality between the sexes declined significantly. c) As home and the workplace became separated, women were increasingly expected to be responsible for housework and childcare while men took jobs outside the home. d) As working for wages became more common, many people ceased to view the family as a refuge from the struggle for subsistence.

C

Which of the following most likely contributed to the emergence of the Second Great Awakening? a) The election of President Andrew Jackson b) The emergence of a women's rights movement c) The cultural responses to the Enlightenment d) The rise of the Whig Party

a

Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration? a) The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased. b) A nationwide banking system was begun. c) The value of paper currency issued by individual banks became uniform. d) Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks. e) A central bank was established.

D

Which of the following statements best characterizes the activists who attended the Seneca Falls Convention? a) They supported Theodore Roosevelt for president. b) They endorsed assimilation of American Indians into White society c) They advocated the conservation of natural resources d) They called for expanded women's rights. e) They advocated better working conditions for children.

D

Which of the following was NOT a result of the growth of a national market economy between 1815 and 1860 ? a) The beginnings of an organized labor movement b) A greater disparity of wealth between rich and poor Americans c) The application of machinery to the mass production of goods d) A greater number of men working at home e) Increasing economic specialization

C

Which of the following was a core belief of the transcendentalists of the early nineteenth century? a) American Indian practices of meditation are the key to attaining valuable spiritual insights. b) Human societies are inherently corrupt, and those seeking purity should practice good works c) Individual conduct should be guided by truths found in the individual conscience. d) Unjust laws must be obeyed until they can be changed through legislative action e) Only highly centralized and conformist religious institutions can guarantee an orderly society.

D

William Lloyd Garrison established a newspaper that advocated which of the following issues? a) The benefits of Manifest Destiny b) Restrictions on immigration c) Developments of railroads d) Abolition of slavery e) Ratification of the Constitution

industry

_____ growth shifted priorities away from farming.

Nullification Crisis

a debate over if a state could decide whether or not to follow a law. Jackson asserted his pro-federal opinions and used military force to enforce them.

Second Great Awakening

a widespread movement which called for reform.

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Black Abolitionists

escaped slaves and free blacks were outspoken and convincing, spoke about brutality and degradation of slavery, Douglass, Harriet Tubman, David Ruggles, Sojourner Truth, William Still, helped organize efforts to assist fugitive slaves escape to the North

Seneca Falls Convention

the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Trail of Tears

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

Cult of Domesticity

the idea that women were to be moral leaders of the home.

Market Revolution

the major change in the US economy produced by people's beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves

Universal Male Suffrage

the right of all males to vote in elections

New Harmony

A socialist experiment which failed due to economic problems and communal arguing, this sought to use socialism to solve poverty and inequality.

D

The main goal of the American Colonization Society was to promote colonization in a) Mexico by White Americans b) the Mexican Cession by White Americans c) the American West by eastern American Indians d) Africa by free Black persons and former slaves e) Cuba by White Americans

a

"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges possessed by the existing bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive of the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, I felt it my duty at an early period of my Administration to call the attention of Congress to the practicability of organizing an institution combining all its advantages and obviating [removing] these objections. I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bank charter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution of our country. . . . "Experience should teach us wisdom. Most of the difficulties our Government now encounters and most of the dangers which impend over our Union have sprung from an abandonment of the legitimate objects of Government by our national legislation. . . . Many of our rich men have not been content with equal protection and equal benefits, but have besought us to make them richer by act of Congress. By attempting to gratify their desires we have in the results of our legislation arrayed section against section, interest against interest, and man against man, in a fearful commotion which threatens to shake the foundations of our Union." President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 People who shared the views expressed in the excerpt most likely opposed which of the following? a) The use of federal government funding for internal improvements b) The expansion of United States territory through war c) The expansion of suffrage rights to most White men d) The maintenance of low tariffs that allowed the export of goods to Europe

a

"Build, therefore, your own world. As fast as you conform your life to the pure idea in your mind, that will unfold its great proportions. A correspondent revolution in things will attend the influx of the spirit." The 1836 passage above exemplifies which of the following intellectual trends? a) Transcendentalism b) Pragmatist philisophy c) Abolitionism d) Evangelicalism e) Mormon theology

C

"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural.... Those who benefited most from the market revolution—merchants and manufacturers, lawyers and other professionals, and successful commercial farmers, along with their families—faced life situations very different from those known to earlier generations. The decline of the household as the locus of production led directly to a growing impersonality in the economic realm; household heads, instead of directing family enterprises or small shops, often had to find ways to recruit and discipline a wage-labor force; in all cases, they had to stay abreast of or even surpass their competitors." Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution? a) The decline of slavery in the Northeast b) The increased number of women in the paid workforce c) The emergence of new forms of transportation d) The emergence of southern opposition to tariffs

C

"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . . ". . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . . ". . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition." Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War? a) Arguments describing slavery as a "positive good" weakened the impact of abolitionist efforts to encourage White northerners to support emancipation. b) Very few members of Congress accepted Calhoun's "positive good" argument, and they became more open to passing laws limiting slaveholding and the internal slave trade. c) As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult. d) Many abolitionist groups in the North began to question the accounts of harsh treatment described by escaped slaves who made it to freedom.

D

"It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England, . . . yet some differences must exist. Language is the expression of ideas; and if the people of one country cannot preserve an identity of ideas, they cannot retain an identity of language. . . . But the principal differences between the people of this country and of all others, arise from different forms of government, different laws, institutions and customs. Thus the . . . feudal system of England originated terms which formed . . . a necessary part of the language of that country; but, in the United States, many of these terms are no part of our present language,—and they cannot be, for the things which they express do not exist in this country. . . . The institutions in this country which are new and peculiar, give rise to new terms or to new applications of old terms, unknown to the people of England; which cannot be explained by them and which will not be inserted in their dictionaries, unless copied from ours. . . . No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, and assembly, court, [etc.] for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country." Noah Webster, "Preface," An American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828 a) The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations in the early 1800s? b) The innovations in the market revolution creating new wealth for Americans c) The transition of the United States to a more participatory democracy d) The importance of reading literacy among Americans d) The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture

C

"It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England, . . . yet some differences must exist. Language is the expression of ideas; and if the people of one country cannot preserve an identity of ideas, they cannot retain an identity of language. . . . But the principal differences between the people of this country and of all others, arise from different forms of government, different laws, institutions and customs. Thus the . . . feudal system of England originated terms which formed . . . a necessary part of the language of that country; but, in the United States, many of these terms are no part of our present language,—and they cannot be, for the things which they express do not exist in this country. . . . The institutions in this country which are new and peculiar, give rise to new terms or to new applications of old terms, unknown to the people of England; which cannot be explained by them and which will not be inserted in their dictionaries, unless copied from ours. . . . No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, and assembly, court, [etc.] for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country." Noah Webster, "Preface," An American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828 a) The national identity described in the excerpt most strongly reflects the influence of which of the following? b) The English feudal system in which lords and landowners dominated vassals and farmers c) Independence movements and revolutions in Europe and Latin America d) European precedents along with an American national culture e) Antislavery activism in the United States and Europe

B

"Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect that, having banished from our land that religious intolerance under which mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained little if we countenance a political intolerance as despotic, as wicked, and capable of as bitter and bloody persecutions. . . . We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it." Thomas Jefferson, first inaugural address, 1801 The excerpt best reflects which of the following? a) Fear that the United States would be overtaken by a foreign power b) Conflicts over how the Constitution should be implemented and interpreted c) Disagreement over the consequences of the French Revolution for the United States d) Secessionist pressures coming from slaveholders in the South

a

"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . "It was always the custom to have a muster every year. On that occasion every White man shouldered his musket. The citizens and the so-called country gentlemen wore military uniforms. . . . "I knew the houses were to be searched; and I expected it would be done by country bullies and the poor Whites. . . . "It was a grand opportunity for the low Whites, who had no Negroes of their own to scourge. They exulted in such a chance to exercise a little brief authority, and show their subserviency to the slaveholders; not reflecting that the power which trampled on the colored people also kept themselves in poverty, ignorance, and moral degradation. . . . Colored people and slaves who lived in remote parts of the town suffered in an especial manner. In some cases the searchers scattered [gun]powder and shot among their clothes, and then sent other parties to find them, and bring them forward as proof that they were plotting insurrection." Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the excerpt's depiction of reactions to slave rebellions? a) Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans b) Northerners agreed that slavery was a positive institution for society. c) Southern states banned the importation of slaves from Africa d) The majority of slaveholders moved toward using alternative forms of labor.

B

"Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... It is certainly in the interest of all, and I am convinced it is the desire of every one of us, to treat our slaves with proper kindness." — Letter from former South Carolina governor James Henry Hammond, 1845 "Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of Liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and denounce ... slavery 'the great sin and shame of America'!" — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of Frederick Douglass in the excerpt? a) Northern merchants b) Northern abolitionists c) Southern Democrats d) Southern planters

B

"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? a) The effects of new technologies on commerce b) The political debates over economic development c) The lives of women working in new factories d) The value of British-manufactured imports

B

"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been . . . collected would prove this . . . ; and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. . . . [The American Temperance Society's] object is . . . the exertion of kind moral influence . . . to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease." Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement? a) The formation of a national movement would eliminate the consumption of alcohol. b) The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement's goals. c) The abstention from alcohol would extend American life expectancy. d) The development of treatments for alcoholism would change the habits of men.

Jackson's Military Campaign

-1818: Jackson led a force of milita into Florida to stop raids and pursue them across border into Spanish west Florida -destroyed Seminole villages, hung 2 Seminole chiefs, captured Pensacola, drove out the Spanish governor, hung 2 British traders accused of aiding Seminoles

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

A British ship "leopard" fired on a US one "Chesapeake" killing 3 and taking 4 into the British army. US Citizens demanded war, but Jefferson thwarted this with diplomacy. This was a violation of neutral rights.

Oneida Community

A criticized community, they shared everything from property to wives and children.

Liberty Party

A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery.

C

A key purpose of Henry Clay's American System was to a) remove American Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River to prevent further conflicts b) expand slavery into new territories to preserve its economic viability c) develop a national economy by improving transportation d) improve diplomatic relations with European nations by allowing free immigration e) create more interest in politics by eliminating voting restrictions

Transendentalism

A movement with strong emphasis on self expression and exploration.

Era of Good Feelings

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.

Warhawks

A political group which wanted the war of 1812 and believed it necessary to solve all of the country's problems.

American Anti-Slavery Society

Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery. By 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350 chapters.

Revolution of 1828

Adams and Jackson ran against each-other in an ugly campaign where they sunk to insulting each-other's wives.

C

All of the following accurately describe Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France EXCEPT: a) It violated Jefferson's own view concerning strict construction of the Constitution. b) It opened the Mississippi River permanently to western farmers. c) It ended the threat of American Indian raids on western settlements. d) It was made possible by the failure of Napoleon's forces to suppress a salve revolt in Haiti. e) It showed Jefferson's considerable flexibility in dealing with foreign policy.

Nonintercourse Act

Allowed the US to trade with all nations except Britain and France. This was intended to economically recover the US.

Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Four Phalanxes

An idea proposed saying that Americans were fundamentally incompatible with communal living.

third party

Anti-masons were an example of a ______.

expanded

Banks during this period ____, resulting in a middle class

Cohens v. Virginia

Case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government.

social mobility

Competition in industry increased _____

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Disarmed and unfortified the US-Canadian border

Tariff of 1816

First protective tariff in American history, created primarily to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812.

American Colonization Society

Formed in 1817, it purchased a tract of land in Liberia and returned free Blacks to Africa.

Temperance Movement

The mass support for prohibition, however it was a brief movement and did not take off until the 18th amendment.

Embargo Act

Kept US ships from sailing abroad, which was done in hopes that Britain would follow neutral rights in the face of losing trade. This act failed and was repealed, however ships were still not allowed to sail to certain places.

Henry Clay

Later presidential candidate, a member of the warhawks, vouched for the war of 1812.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Democrat party

Mimicked anti-federalists and supported Jackson.

Whig party

Mimicked federalists and supported Clay.

e

Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States following the potato famine of the 1840s settled in a) seacoast cities of the South b) California c) rural sections of the Old Northwest d) Appalachia e) urban areas of the North

Loisiana Purchase

Occurred because France was weakened by revolution in Latin America. Jefferson had a moral problem with this, but ultimately deemed it invaluable.

B

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was a) its members' support for ending legal immigration from eastern Europe b) the separation of economic production from the home and family life c) the fact that almost all middle-class men attended graduate and professional schools d) its members' tendency to be tolerant of religious diversity e) the fact that most married women worked outside the home to provide income for their families

Gibbons v. Ogden

Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government

Shakers

Religious group that was quick to die out from population problems which were a result of their fundamental rule about splitting people according to gender.

Lewis and Clark

Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.

D

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a) Slavery was condoned in the Bible. b) White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the South's economy. c) Poor White farmers feared the economic competition of four million freed persons. d) Most White families owned slaves e) Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required White guardianship.

Fletcher v. Peck

Supreme Court case which protected property rights and asserted the right to invalidate state laws in conflict with the Constitution

C

The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his a) devotion to new methods of cartography b) admiration of France's military power c) previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution d) veto of funding for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark's expedition e) disdain for involvement in a foreign country's affairs

a

The Missouri Compromise was a victory for antislavery advocates because it a) closed most of the Louisiana Purchase to slavery b) provided for the gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri c) prohibited slavery from future territorial acquisitions d) condemned the fugitive slave law e) excluded slavery from all territory north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River

e

The Southern economy before the Civil War increasingly a) depended on the North for raw materials b) produced tobacco and sugar rather than cotton c) depended on immigrant labor d) diversified, with more industry and more mechanized agriculture e) produced more cotton and other crops but did not develop much industry

Martin v. Hunter's Lessee

The Supreme Court can review the decisions of the highest state courts if they involve a federal law or the federal Constitution

D

The Supreme Court established which of the following by its ruling in Marbury v. Madison ? a) The Bank of the United States is constitutional under the implied powers clause. b) States have the authority to nullify acts of Congress. c) Government contracts cannot be repealed by popular majority d) The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts. e) States may not interfere with interstate commerce.

D

The United States went to war in 1812 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to a) deal with conflicts between settlers and American Indians in the Northwest Territory b) stop the British from searching and seizing American ships c) end British claims for repayment of Loyalist debt d) prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory e) appease members of Congress who advocated war

west

The ____ consistently killed or pushed natives west, and allowed women to have a predominant role in the frontier. However, women died faster as a result.

south

The ____ significantly shifted away from cash-crops and towards cotton. Mechanic inventions worsened slavery here and there was a significant social hierarchy.

north

The ____ was very commercial, experienced growth in population, had high rates of immigration and birth and was largely industrial.

B

The development of the Second Great Awakening can best be linked to which of the following historical situations? a) The growing abolitionist movement was predominately influenced by northern Protestant Christians. b) Increased geographical mobility aided travel to new regions and the sharing of ideas. c) The market revolution led to a larger number of Americans working for wages. d) Ideals of Romanticism caused more people to question the principles of the nation's founders.

C

The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because a) a Supreme Court decision was required to dislodge the Federalists b) voter turnout increased dramatically c) the party in power stepped down after losing the election d) the House of Representatives decided the election e) force was required to get John Adams to leave the White House

B

The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following? a) Established the United States as the dominant economic power in South America b) Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy. c) Helped Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secure the presidency in 1824. d) Provided the basis for resolving Anglo-American border disputes. e) Reaffirmed George Washington's goal of United States neutrality in the Americas.

cultural nationalism

pride in the culture of one's country

violent abolitionist

radical anti-slavery which turned fatal, killing 55 whites and resulting in backlash which killed hundreds of african americans.

Shakers

religious commune that practiced celibacy