Arab Israeli Conflict pt. 2

Green Line

(pre-) 1967 border or 1949 Armistice border, is the demarcation line set out in the 1949 Armistice Agreements between the armies of Israel and those of its neighbors after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It served as the de facto borders of the State of Israel from 1949 until the Six-Day War in 1967.

Ariel Sharon

11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006. He was an instrumental figure in the creation of Unit 101 and the reprisal operations, as well as in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the Six-Day War of 1967, the War of Attrition, and the Yom-Kippur War of 1973. As Minister of Defense, he directed the 1982 Lebanon War. He became the leader of the Likud in 2000, and served as Israel's prime minister from 2001 to 2006. orchestrated Israel's unilateral disengagement from the Gaza Strip

The Allon Plan

1968 plan to partition the West Bank between Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, create a Druze state in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, and return most of the Sinai Peninsula to Arab control. The plan was drafted by Israeli Minister Yigal Allon shortly after the Six-Day War in June 1967.The Jordanian King Hussein rejected the plan.

Lebanon War 2006

34-day military conflict in Lebanon, Northern Israel and the Golan Heights; Began with Hezbollah diring rockets are Israeli border towns and abducting soldiers; Israel responded with air and ground attacks; Disproportionate number of Lebanese citizens were killed; UN mandated peace agreements called for disarmament of Hezbollah, for withdrawal of the IDF from Lebanon, and for the deployment of the Lebanese Armed Forces and an enlarged United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in the south; Israeli blockade of Lebanon was lifted

Khartoum Declaration

After the Six Day's War, the Arabs insisted that Israel withdraw from all occupied territory (especially East Jerusalem). Israel insisted that direct peace negotiations be held before withdrawal, to which an Arab summit proclaimed there would be "no peace, no recognition, and not negotiations" with Israel. These three "no's" were taken very seriously and influenced Israeli policymakers.

Golan Heights

An area between Syria and Israel that was captured by Israel during the Six-Day War. Israel did not initially annex the region but eventually did in 1981 and is a disputed territory.

Yitzak Rabin

Fifth Prime Minister of Israel, won the Nobel Peace Prize together with Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat. He was assassinated by right-wing Israeli radical Yigal Amir, who was opposed to Rabin's signing of the Oslo Accords.

Ahmed Yassin

Founder of Hamas

Syrian Civil War

Involved Parties: the Syrian government and its international allies, Sunni Arab rebel groups (including the Free Syrian Army), the majority-Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Salafi jihadist groups (including al-Nusra Front), and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), international actors Iran, Russia, and Hezbollah support the Syrian government militarily. U.S.-led international coalition established in 2014 with a declared purpose of countering ISIL, have conducted airstrikes against ISIL in Syria as well as against government and pro-government targets

Shiite

Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan

Hezbollah

Islamist political party and militant group based in Lebanon. Founded in the early 1980s as part of an Iranian effort to aggregate a variety of militant Lebanese Shi'a groups under one roof. Hezbollah acts as a proxy for Iran in the ongoing Iran-Israel proxy conflict

Ehud Barak

Israeli Prime Minister (1999-2001); Labor Party; Barak took part in the Camp David 2000 Summit which was meant finally to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict but failed

King Hussein

King of Jordan 1952-1959, Recognized Israel as a state

Hassan Nasrallah

Leader of Hizballah

Benjamin Netanyahu

Likud Prime Minister (previously holding the position from 1996 to 1999); Opposed Oslo Accords

Declaration of Principles

PLO and Israel released Declaration of Principles during Oslo I: Destined to share soil, Enough with bloodshed, Deferred difficult questions to future, It just set up a framework for negotiation Stipulations: PLO accepts Israel's right to exist, while Israel recognizes PLO as representative of the Palestinian people, Palestinian Authority took control of Gaza Strip and Jerusalem, PA would build its own security forces , A final deal would be reached no later than May 1999, Violence will end 2:1 support for negotiation among both Israel and Palestinians

Palestinian Authority

Palestinian Authority was designated to have exclusive control over both security-related and civilian issues in Palestinian urban areas (referred to as "Area A") and only civilian control over Palestinian rural areas ("Area B"). The remainder of the territories, including Israeli settlements, the Jordan Valley region and bypass roads between Palestinian communities, were to remain under Israeli control ("Area C"); Lost to Hamas in 2006

Mahmoud Abbas

President of PA, member of Fatah;

Yasser Arafat

President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004, founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004. In 1988, he acknowledged Israel's right to exist and sought a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Madrid Conference of 1991, the 1993 Oslo Accords (received the Nobel Peace Prize along with Peres and Rabin) and the 2000 Camp David Summit.

Ehud Olmert

Prime Minister of Israel (2006 to 2009); Okay relations with PA; Olmert and Minister of Defense Amir Peretz were heavily criticized for their handling of the 2006 Lebanon War. In late 2008, a ceasefire between Hamas and Israel ended, which led to the 2008 Israel-Gaza conflict. Olmert declared that the Israeli Defense Force would target the Hamas leadership and infrastructure in the war; Served with corruption charges

Mechanim Begin

Prime Minister of Israel; 6th Prime Minister of Israel (1977-1982) which ended three decades of the labor party; Former head of the Irgun; Signed peace treaty with Egypt in 1979, for which he and Anwar Sadat shared the Nobel Prize for Peace.

Second (Al-Aqsa) Intifada

Sep 29 2000, few days after Camp David Accords II; Sharon on 28th walked around Temple Mount during tourist time; rocks turned into grenades etc from police (made in Iran); police started with rubber bullets at rebels; Hamas blocked and seized Gaza (not uniform enemy); Summer 2001 Israelis offered one-sided peace treaty; then May 2001 Sharon-PM; Sharon Policy: ignore Hamas, Arafat, and kill leadership, unilateral disengagement, make West Bank Barrier; 2005 pull out of Gaza; Resulted in Israel withdrawing unilaterally from Gaza

AIPAC

The American Israel Public Affairs Committee is a lobbying group that advocates pro-Israel policies to the Congress and Executive Branch of the United States.

Palestinian Liberation Organization

The official political representative of the Palestinian people that united all Palestinian political parties. The goal of the party is the liberation of Palestine through self-reliance and armed struggle. Yasser Arafat is the leader of the PLO.

Gaza War 2008-2009/"Operation Cast Lead"/"Gaza Massacre"

Three week armed conflict between Palestinians in Gaza and Israel; Israel's stated goal was to stop indiscriminate Palestinian rocket fire into Israel and weapons smuggling into the Gaza strip; Palestinian groups fired rockets in response to what they characterized as "massacres"; Unilateral ceasefire; Disproportionate number of Palestinians were killed

Noble Sanctuary/Temple Mount

a hill located in the Old City of Jerusalem that for thousands of years has been venerated as a holy site, in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam alike.; Sharon on 28th walked around Temple Mount during tourist time

Gaza War 2012/"Operation Pillar of Defense"

began on 14 November 2012 with the killing, of Ahmed Jabari, chief of the Gaza military wing of Hamas by an Israeli airstrike; began in response to a massive air strike from Gaza; Israel and Egypt mediated ceasefire talks

Camp David Summit 2000

between United States president Bill Clinton, Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat; Ended without agreement

Asymmetric warfare

is war between belligerents whose relative military power differs significantly, or whose strategy or tactics differ significantly. This is typically a war between a standing, professional army and an insurgency or resistance movement.

Likud

not socialist or Labor; Origins from Jabotinksy/Irgun; preemptive ties with US

Hamas

palestinian fundamentalist organization founded after the first intifada, led by Khaled Mashal

Fatah

secular, socialist, and nationalist; West Bank

Shimon Peres

succeeded Yitzhak Rabin as Acting Prime Minister briefly during 1977, before becoming Prime Minister from 1984 to 1986. As Foreign Minister under Prime Minister Rabin, Peres engineered the 1994 Israel-Jordan peace treaty,[10] and won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the Oslo Accords peace talks with the Palestinian leadership

Greater Israel Project

the territory of the State of Israel together with the Palestinian territories