Chapter 5
count-controlled loop
_____-_________ ____ is a loop that repeats a specific number of times. it must possess three elements: 1) IT must initialize a counter variable to a starting value. 2) It must test the counter variable by comparing it to a final value. When the counter variable reaches its final value, the loop terminates. 3) It must update the counter variable during each iteration. This is usually done by incrementing the variable.
iteration
each execution of a loop
conditional loop
executes as long as a particular condition exists.
body
This contains or more C++ statements. The condition expression is tested, and if it is true, each statement in the body of the loop is executed. Then, the condition is tested again. If it is still true, each statement is executed again. This cycle repeats until the condition is false. As with an (if) statement, each statement in the _____ of the loop is to be conditionally executed ends with a semicolon.
running total
a _______ _____ is a sum of numbers that accumulates with each iteration of a loop. The variable used to keep the _______ ____ is called an accumulator.
sentinel
a _______ is a special value that marks the end of a list of values
counter
a _______ is a variable that is regularly incrememted or decremented each time a loop iterates.
nested loop
a loop inside another loop
loop control variable
a variable that controls the number of time a loop iterates is referred to as a ____ _______ _______.
priming read
provides the first value for the loop to test.
pretest
the (while) loop is known as a ______ loop, which means it tests its expression before each iteration.
do-while loop
the __-_____ ____ is a post test loop. it looks similar to a while loop turned upside down. A good choice for repeating a menu.
end of file
the ___ __ _____ function of the fstream class signals the end of file and is used to terminate a loop used to read data from a file.
for loop
the ____ ____ is a pretest loop that combines the initialization, testing, and updating of a loop control varialbe in a single loop header. A type of loop specifically for count-controlled loops.
break
the _____ statement causes a loop to terminate early.
while
the ______ loop has two important parts: 1) an expression that is tested for a true or false value, and 2) a statement or block that is repeated as long as the expression is true.
condition
the _______ of a (while) loop is expressed by any expression that can be evaluated as true or false.
continue
the _______ statement causes a loop to stop its current iteration and begin the next one.
loop header
the first line of a loop, sometimes called the ____ _____, consists of the key word (while) follwed by a (condition) to be tested enclosed in parentheses.
input validation
the process of inspecting data given to a program by the user an determining if it is valid. The while loop is especially useful for _____ _________.
increment
to _________ a value means to increase it, and to decrement a value means to decrease it. Three different ways to write: ( num = num+1, num += 1, num++ )