Biology chapter 7
how many possible codons exist in the genetic code?
64
Confirmed that DNA is the genetic material
Hershey and Chase
____________ RNA copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries them to the cytoplasm
Messenger
The copy of genetic instructions which takes the instructions to the cytoplasm is the
Messenger RNA
for protein synthesis to initiate
RNA polymerase must bind the a gene's promoter
a double helix most closely resembles
a spiral staircase
Frederick Grifith showed that
a substance could be transferred to harmless bacteria and make them deadly
The subunits of DNA are nucleotides consisting of
a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base
helps form ribosome
rRNA
the way the groups of three bases are divided into codons
reading frame
The mRNA molecule is read, codon by codon until a ___ codon is reached
stop
Contains an anticodon that is complementary to the codon for an amino acid
tRNA
transcription takes place in 3 steps: initiation elongation and ____
termination
Erwin Chargaf proved that
the concentration of adenin was always about the same as the concentration of thymine
the two processes of protein synthesis are
transcription and translation
RNA -> protein
translation
_____is the second part of the central dogma of molecular biology: RNA -> protein
translation
which of the following statements are true?
translation occurs in a ribosome when the codons on the mRNA are read
Because of Chargaffs rules if the order of the bases on one strand of DNA is known the order of bases on the other strand can be predicted
true
For many decades scientist thought that proteins were the genetic material
true
RNA carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm
true
adenine always binds to thymine and cytosine always binds to guanine
true
transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation and termination
true
RNA contains the nitrogen base ____________ instead of thymine.
uracil
Discovered the shape of DNA
watson and crick
regions of mRNA that do not code for proteins
introns
RNA polymerase binds to the ____ of a gene
promoter
a region of a gene where RNA polymerase binds
promoter
The process in which cells make proteins
protein synthesis
Transfer RNA brings amino acids to ____________, where they are joined together to form proteins.
ribosomes
brings amino acids to ribosomes
tRNA
Hershey and Chase confirmed that DNA is the genetic material
True
splicing removes introns from mRNA
True
in eukaryotic cells, proteins always remain in the nucleus but DNA is made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm
False
the amount of A=T and C=G
Chargaff's rule
Which of the following statements about DNA are true? (1) The DNA double helix consists of two polynucleotide chains. (2) Each DNA nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. (3) The DNA backbone is composed of the sugar and base of each nucleotide.
1 and 2 only
how does RNA differ from DNA?
A) it contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose B) RNA can move into the cytoplasm, whereas DNA cannot C) RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine
the process in which DNA is copies
DNA replication
The central dogma of molecular biology
DNA, RNA, Protein
The central ____________ of molecular biology is: DNA → RNA → Protein.
Dogma
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
Rosalind ____________ used X rays to learn more about DNA's structure.
Franklin
the order of experiments proving that DNA is the genetic material is
Griffith, Avery, Hershey and Chase
which of the following statements are correct
Hershey and Chase confirmed the work of Fredrick Griffith
splice removes ___- from mRNA
INTRONS
The scientist most often associated with determining the structure of DNA are
James Watson and Francis Crick
The structure of DNA was identified by
James Watson and Francis Crick
removes introns from mRNA
Splicing
DNA -> RNA
Transcription
polyadenylation adds a tail of____ to the mRNA
adenines
Which of the following statements about DNA replication are true? (1) DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied. (2) DNA replication occurs during the synthesis phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (3) DNA replication begins when an enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in DNA. (4) The two new DNA molecules that result after DNA replication each contain one strand from the parent molecule and one new strand that is complementary to it.
all four statements are true
the genetic code is universal. this statement means that
all known living things have the same genetic code
an ___ of the tRNA is complementary to the codon
anticodon
which of the following terms is most closely associated with a tRNA molecule?
anticodon
DNA -> RNA -> PROTEIN
central dogma of moelcular biology
Hershey and ____________ confirmed that DNA is the genetic material
chase
a group of 3 bases in mRNA is a ___
codon
a group of three nitrogen bases
codon
Watson and Crick are usually given credit for discovering that DNA has a ____________ shape.
double helix
regions of mRNA that code for proteins
exons
A,C,G, and T represent the bases in RNA
false
Erwin Chargaf demonstrated that in DNA the amount of A is about the same as the amount of G
false
Griffith determined that DNA is the genetic material
false
James watson and Francis Crick used X ray to learn about DNA structure
false
Oswald Avery was the first to conclude that DNA is the genetic material
false
RNA is much larger than DNA
false
Rosalind Franklin determined the structure of DNA
false
The nucleotide chains of RNA twist into a double helix shape
false
the process in which cells make proteins is called protein expression
false
used XRAY to learn more about DNA structure
franklin
all known living things have the same ___code
genetic
the sequence of A,C,G,T bases in a polynucleotide chain
genetic code
found that there exists a substance that could change the characteristic of another organism
griffith
After DNA replication, the two daughter molecules are ____________ to the parent molecule.
identical
complementary to a strand of DNA
mRNA
copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus and carries the instructions to the cytoplasm
mRNA
transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to___
mRNA
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
AUG is the start codon and it codes for the amino acid___
methonione
subunit of DNA
nucleotide
transcription takes place in the ____of the cell
nucleus
