arch 121 final
Living Room from Pool at Night, Case Study House #22 (1958-60)
Pierre Koenig California Modernism -full length glass walls -prefabricated metal steel glazing
Museum of Public Works Perspective and Section (1936-46)
Auguste Perret -reinforced concrete -pilotes -Le Corbusier worked with Perret brother/influenced them
1st & 2nd Floor Plans, Case Study House # 8 (1945-49)
Charles and Ray Eames
Living Room w/Ray & Charles, Case Study House # 8 (1945-49
Charles and Ray Eames
Exterior, Case Study House # 8 (Eames House) (1945-49)
Charles and Ray Eames California Modernism -dashes of color like De Stijl -cubism -known for modern furniture design -separate living room areas and bedrooms -centered around the fire place -wood panelling
Tokyo Bay Design (1960)
Kenzo Tange -looks like an x-ray -Japanese Metabolism -intrigued by biology and cells -integrated systems in the body and they are self regulated (don't have to do anything) -spine -> branch that everything can branch out of -little spines are for housing -big spine is from transportation (to travel from one spine to the other) -you can add to the city, add more spines -planned city to be able to expand -customizable and manipulative -systems connect to create a while -incorporating Systems Theory
Cities in the Air (1959)
Kiyonori Kikutake -Megastructural form -city can be understood as a megastructure (like a body), function of the city can constantly change -looks digital and computer based model, but that didn't exist at the time -spines (stems) -> a core with additive pieces growing out of it -the stems had elevators in them for transportation -creating networks -incorporating Systems Theory -things can be added and removed as needed -> expendability
Citrohan House (1925-27)
Le Corbusier
Pavilion de L'Esprit Nouveau Interior (1925)
Le Corbusier
Villa Savoye Exterior Terrace View (1929-30)
Le Corbusier
Villa Savoye Ground Floor Plan (1929-30)
Le Corbusier
Model of Ville Contemporaine (1922)
Le Corbusier -"City of Towers" -Contemporary City also called "Plan Voisin" -interested in circulation -skyscrapers were the future of the city -Skyscrapers don't take up a lot of space on the ground, but opens up a lot of space for living -Not site-specific, not for a particular city -Ideal City for 3 million habitants -ideal city -4 components/functions a modern city needs: -living spaces -working spaces -recreational space -circulation (highways, streets, modes of transportation) -Geometric shapes, abstract -Interested in reinforced concrete -No applied ornament
Villa Savoye Model (1929-30)
Le Corbusier -"Father of Modern Architecture" -most important Modern architectural building 5 points of modern architecture: 1) Free Facade (separating the exterior of the building from its structural function) 2) Pilotes (replacement of supporting walls by a grid of reinforced concrete columns that bears the load of the structure - basis of the new aesthetic) 3) Roof Garden/Terrace (bringing land used up on the ground to the sky) 4) Ribbon Windows/Horizontal Windows (continuous window, allows natural light to be evenly distributed into the interior - mesh the interior and exterior) 5) Free Plan (structure of the building is free from the structural support -the pilotes - which allows for more creativity on the interior)
Ville Contemporaine Drawing (Color) (1922)
Le Corbusier -Looking up from the ground, upshot of the buildings -Rapid transit highway roads -transportation circulation -Lots of vegetation and sky -Decreasing the footprint left on the ground and creating more open space for nature -Space between the buildings -Utopian understanding of the city -open and free -Work and living combined -Everything is integrated together -We can play and work in the same place -Harmonize with nature -Individual perspective view of the city
Dom-ino House Frame (1914)
Le Corbusier -moving towards the spirit of the age -abstract and geometric shapes -clean, plastered walls -celebrating objects -> created Purism in reaction to Cubism -represented industrial culture, standardized objects -interested in reinforced concrete -pillars -he is also a functionalist -prefabricated parts -geometric -no applied ornament -support columns
Overview Model of Project for Algiers (1933)
Le Corbusier -very specific place -Regionalism -never happened -employment of natural materials of the region -traditional, but modern -really long viaduct ->big, long, tall bridge (ideally meant to house lower to middle class housing below the bridge) -integrates with the geography -separation that's created so the upperclass people don't have to go into the old city at all -Brise Soleil (means sun breaker) was first theorized here -created by Le Corbusier to regulate temp, save energy, and screen the sun -buffers the sunshine and creates a visual formal element (modernist ornament)
Palace of Assembly, Chandigarh (1956)
Le Corbusier New Monumentality -In India -curves through concrete -organis sense with water -uniformity on the facade with punctuations sticking out on the roof -roof garden -Brise Soleil -extended concrete to block the sun -wonderful use of ground space
Section through Labs, Salk Institute for Biological Studies (1960-67)
Louis Kahn Critical Regionalism -site specific -local materials -looks at the history of architecture -reinforced concrete, poured in place -most famous Modernist building in San Diego -vanishing point to the ocean -creating open space right to the ocean -collapsed space of the land between us and the ocean -symmetrical buildings -no nature in the plaza, besides the fountain in the middle, nature is framed around the buildings -wood paneling -looks more organic (teak wood -good for water and oceans) -old wood, not supposed to be replaced, meant to show the age of the building and not cover it up -geometrical -curtain glass on the laboratory levels -all offices are positioned and staggered to face and view the ocean -6 stories -3 in-between stories for the mechanical and ventilation (served vs. servant floors -servant floors are the ventilation), distinguish the function of each flor and open up the labs -used bricks on the lower floors, earthy material -light wells, allows natural light to come in form different angles to all floors -air and light circulation -like Viollet Le Duc -honesty of the materials and use of natural materials -big, open grass area, public space
Ministry of Education Building & Model (1936-45)
Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer International Style -Le Corbusier was a consultant on this project -First actual employment of Brise Soleil -sun breakers -screen windows from the sun (regulate temperature and save energy) -corporate skyscraper -Pilotes -raised building and created space on the bottom for public space -park/garden on the roof
Bird's Eye View of Brasilia's Central Mall (Plan 1956)
Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer New Monumentality -serves a grand purpose with lots of important functions -government buildings -big grass space used as public space -big, wide, open boulevards -multi-lanes -lower-class (working class) were forced out of the residential areas and forced to commute a long way -built from scratch -create circulation
Las Arboledas (1958-60)
Luis Barragan Critical Regionalism -friend of Louis Kahn -site specific -use of local materials
Concrete Country, Lessing and Brick Country House Plans (1923-24)
Mies van der Rohe -differentiating between planes
Rear View of Tugendhat House (1928-30)
Mies van der Rohe -retractable glass walls -interior opening up to the exterior -dual-level -imbedded into the ground -involved in the site -site-specific -the sloping hill-side created the form of the building
Tugendhat House Living room (1928-30)
Mies van der Rohe -structural supports on the interior -opening up space -wood finish, wall of marble -deluxe finish created fanciness on the interior -chrome columns -slight boundaries between rooms -open plan -glass walls on the interior -similar to FLW and his continuous flow between rooms, his open passages to create a free flow throughout the house
Seagram Building (Full view photo) (1951-52)
Mies van der Rohe International Style -Pilotes -plate glass/glass walls -curtain walls -curtain wall facade -structural elements made visible -steel framing -repeated formal elements -created a specific type and repeated it over and over on the exterior -I-beams -> used them to show structure and create an ornamental sense on exterior
Axonometric Drawing of Plug-in City (1964)
Peter Cook Archigram movement -based out of England (Britain) -interested in pop-culture (use of bright colors) and biology -a primary function was publication, become more accessible to the public -interested in the fact that the city should be see as a network -city seen as a collective -cities are changeable and moveable, don't need to be imbedded into the environment -city is self-regulating
Pool Area & Living Room, Case Study House #22 (1958-60)
Pierre Koenig
View of Carport, Case Study House #22 (Stahl House) (1958-60)
Pierre Koenig -overhanging eaves -flat roofs -shade the interior -hidden entrance -incorporated environment, embedded into environment
US Air Force Academy, Colorado (1954-62)
Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM) International Style -gardens in the middle of buildings -alignment of business corporate world and government military -window dividers
Lever House (Black & White photo) (1951-52)
Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM) International Style -Post WWII -> 1950s is boom of corporate architecture and skyscrapers, lots of capital -roof garden -raised structure on pilotes -curtain walls -fully glazed buildings -distinct from the ground, movement and circulation -cubical structures on the interior -maximum standardization -technological innovations -> air conditioning/climate control, artificial/florescent lighting
Interior Courtyard Row House (Azuma House) (1975-76)
Tadao Ando Critical Regionalism (site specific -opposite of Archigram) -reinforced concrete, poured in place, for the entire structure -no windows, one entry way -private and secluded -material represented organically, not hiding the building process or trying to cover it up with paint -open courtyard -let in natural light, the reinforced concrete is used to reflect the light
Bauhaus Perspective Building(1925-26)
Walter Gropius
Bauhaus Workshop Wing, Dessau (1925-26)
Walter Gropius Pioneer of Modern Architecture -art school in Germany -Bauhaus means "Architectural House" -re-adopts New Objectivity and Russian Constructivism -create mass-produced items that are functional and representative of our new age -steel grid pattern windows -accents of color creating separate planes -windows are projecting outward from the building -shows pushing of planes -merging art and technology -pure, geometrical forms
Competition for The Chicago Tribune Design (1922)
Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer -part of the new style in Germany called Neue Sachlichkeit meaning "New Objectivity" -moving towards rationalism -flat roofs -pure, standard and functional -no ornament