Arch 3214 Exam 1
Deutscher Werkbund (German Labor League)
-1907-A German association of artists, architects, designers, & industrial designers-significant in the development of modern architecture & industrial design-Peter Behrens one of the founders of this movement-Stemmed from Arts & Crafts movement-sought to establish a partnership of product manufacturers with designers
Einstein Tower, Potsdam, Germany, Erich Mendelsohn, 1919-1921
-1919-21 -Erich Mendelsohn
A.E.G. Turbine Factory, Berlin, Germany, Peter Behrens, 1909-1910
-Berlin, Germany-1909-1910-steel-frame rectangular structure-sought to celebrate attributes of speed, noise, power, etc.-interior & exterior simple-new age of production
Schröder house, Utrecht, Netherlands, Gerrit Rietveld, 1923-24
-Gerrit Rietveld-primary colors used orthogonally-collapsible walls-consistent use of vertical & horizontal lines-fluid transition between interior and exterior-use of all primary colors
Paris Metro, Paris, France Hector Guimard ca. 1900
-Hector Guimard -Art Nouveau Spirit
Maison Domino
-Le Corbusier-prototype for mass-produced European housing-use of 5 points of architecture
Weissenhof Estate, Stuttgart, Germany 1927, Director Mies van der Rohe
-Mies van der Rohe, Gropius, Le Corbusier, Bruno Taut-brought together 17 architects to design a neighborhood, each with their own plot-built for the Deutscher Werkbund in 1927
Barcelona Pavilion (German National Pavilion), Barcelona, Spain, Mies and Reich, 1929
-Mies van der Rohe-Lilly Reich designed furniture-designed to represent the cultural values of a new Germany-clarity, simplicity, & honesty in construction-carried out with a "free plan" and a "floating room"-Italian Travertine-designed off a regular grid-roof supported primarily by cruciform steel columns
Arts and Crafts
-Prominent in the early 1900s in Britain, U.S, & later other countries-response to revivalism and distrust in the machine-reversion to more vernacular & basic forms
Futurism
-an Italian avant-garde movement of the 20th century-destroy old forms of culture-celebrated speed, war, technology, & urban modernity
Art Nouveau
-an international movement & style of art, architecture, & applied art-art is life-idea of art in everyday life-sinuous, floral motifs, vine, insect wings-embraced new technologies-asymmetrical shapes
De Stijl / Neoplasticism
-art should not be the reproduction of real objects, but the expression of the absolutes of life-3 primary colors: red, yellow, blue-3 primary values: black, white, grey-2 primary directions: horizontal & vertical-rejected the notion of the past
Russian Constructivism
-avant garde artistic and architectural movement-1913-1940s-Inspired by Bauhaus, Russian Futurism, expanded from Suprematist works-called artists to stop producing useless things-use art for industry and social causes-3 main principles: tectonics, texture, and construction-art as propaganda
International Style
-emphasis on volume over mass-the use of lightweight, mass-produced, industrial materials-rejection of all ornament and color-repetitive modular forms-use of flat surfaces, typically alternating with areas of glass
Fagus Factory, Alfeld, Germany, Walter Gropius, & Adolf Meyer, 1911-1926
-first project of Walter Gropius-manufacturing, storage,offices-3 story facade-functionalist aesthetics-foreshadowed the work of the Bauhaus school-use & study of glass-machine technology-weightless facade
Expressionism
-the effect something has on emotional response-an early modern style circa-1920s-most popular in Germany and Netherlands
Five Points of Architecture
1.pilotis 2.open floor plan 3.free facade 4.horizontal windows 5.roof garden
"Ornament is crime"
Adolf Loos
Bauhaus
Architectural movement started in Germany combining fine arts with manufacturing, emphasizing the craftsmanship lost in the industrial age-Walter Gropius
"A house is a machine for living in"
Le Corbusier
"Form follows function"
Louis Sullivan
"Less is more"
Mies van der Rohe
Bauhaus School
Walter Gropius-German, school of architecture that brought together modern architecture-glass and steel-built around technical workshops & space for training-"women are 2D" (made textiles)-dorms, auditorium, and food hall-3 connected wings
Bauhaus School, Dessau, Germany, Walter Gropius, 1925-26
Walter Gropius-German, school of architecture that brought together modern architecture-glass and steel-built around technical workshops & space for training-"women are 2D" (made textiles)-dorms, auditorium, and food hall-3 connected wings
Modern Architecture
an overarching movement of the 20th century, which manifests in a number of different schools of thought and design methodologies rather than a singular style