Arch History - Exam 3
The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period, because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as ____.
groin and barrel vaults
The intersection of two barrel vaults creates which of the following?
groin vault
The ____ is the semi-circular area above the lintel of a Romanesque portal.
tympanum
Salisbury Cathedral
- Double transept - Central tower - Axial symmetry - Boxy form - Ribbed vaulting
Great Mosque of Cordoba
- Hypostyle mosque - 2 Qibla walls - Built a giant church in the middle - Orange trees in sahn to smell like paradise - Short columns - taken from somewhere else
Hagia Sophia
- Key Concept - Iconoclasm - Symbolism of gold & light - Represents the divine - Architects were engineers - Church -> Mosque - Dome - 108ft Diameter - Change of materials to make interior feel weight less
Avenue of the Gods
- Named by the Aztecs - Earliest gridded city in America - Segregated into zones - Large plaza & pyramid - The structures are mimicked of the environment
Ste. Foy
- Romanesque style -Round aves -Vaulting -Ambulater -Tympanum -BuHurssly - Manual Labor
Notre Dame Chartres
- Timber to masonry roof - New construction - Suger - Rib vaults replace barrel vaults -Clerestory windows - Thinner walls due to flying buttresses - Main door on the west side -Royal portal - entrance for royalty
Many pilgrimage church interiors, like Ste. Foy, lacked light. Which of the following correctly describes a Romanesque design element that made the churches dark?
Barrel-vaults exerted great outward thrust making a clerestory difficult to construct
Gothic architects employed a more complex and efficient type of vaulting that would admit light and at the same time be aesthetically pleasing. Which of the following structural solutions corresponded to this ideal?
Covering the nave with a fenestrated sequence of groin vaults
Stave Church and Portal
Elaborative front door carving Unique form Staves: upright pine polls High peaked roof for snow
Ste-Foy at Conques has been called a "pilgrimage type" church. Which of the following accounts for this specific functional designation?
It had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory.
This tympanum from the west portal depicts the Last Judgment. Which of the following is a true statement?
Romanesque arches and portals frame the orderly space of the saved.
Which of the architectural elements below was used for the vertical exterior supports on Romanesque buildings?
buttresses
The ____ is the covered courtyard in a monastery where monks and nuns prayed and meditated in quiet seclusion.
cloister
Introduced in French Gothic architecture, ____, are arm-like extensions that helped support the weight of the nave vaults on the outside of the building.
flying buttresses
The addition of ribbed vaulting and higher ceilings necessitated the use of ______________ to counter the lateral thrusts.
flying buttresses
In Chartres cathedral each bay of the nave is covered by a single
four-part (quadripartite) ribbed vault
Which of the following became a standard feature of French Gothic facades?
rose window
In the Romanesque period church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?
the continuous barrel-vaulted naves