Architects + Engineers around 1900
Viollet-le-Duc - Mont Saint-Michel
1835 Flying buttresses Vertical supports are in iron.
Joseph Paxton - Crystal Palace Interior
1851 London Produced by pieces in factories & some pieces made by hand; avant garde envelope
Joseph Paxton - Crystal Palace Exterior
1851 London Architect was a gardener. This structure was built in a matter of weeks! With cast iron, iron, and glass. Cities around world emulated it (like the one in NY)
Auguste Choisy - Temple of Minerva Medica
1873 Architect is interested in style & decoration. He considers history of arch as the history of construction & material ways in which building is erected.
Gustave Eiffel - Bridge over the Truyere
1884 French engineer built a bridge with a big arch in center of France.
Otto Wagner - First Wagner Villa
1888 Vienna Major practitioner in theories + 1st person to define modern arch. Building have access on both sides (2 wings) house is defined by ionic columns.
Ferdinand Dutert & Victor Contamin - Galerie des Machines
1889 Paris Photograph of interior by Charles-Edouard Jeanneret [Le Corbusier]
Gustave Eiffel - 300-meter tower
1889 Paris. Eiffel big success in exhibition of 1889. During French Revolution, French wanted to make statement on French modernity. 1889- imp yr for use of electricity
Benjamin Baker & James Fowler - Bridge over the Firth of Forth 1
1890 between Inchgarvie and Fife, Scotland This pic shows balance, which is how the bridge was built!
Benjamin Baker & James Fowler - Bridge over the Firth of Forth 2
1890 between Inchgarvie and Fife, Scotland This pic shows balance, which is how the bridge was built!
Otto Wagner - Stadtbahn Station
1898-1899 Vienna - structure looks like a silversmith operating in the form of architect
Auguste Choisy - Church of the Jacobins
1899 Toulouse change of way of how arch was viewed engineering emerges in late 19c & engineers & arch would compete
Anatole de Baudot - Saint-Jean de Montmartre Church
1904 Paris Frenchman built this in concrete: concrete is poured into hollow brick pairs in which iron rods are inserted b4 that (efficient concept! b/c it makes it more sturdy) inspired by medieval buildings
Auguste Perret - Apartment House
1904 french arch knew imp of reinforced concrete so he built amazing structures based of it. he used ceramic ornament. his style is not as deceptive as in what Semper described.
Otto Wagner - Postsparkassenamt aluminium ventilating shafts
1906 Vienna
Otto Wagner - Postsparkassenamt facade cladding
1906 Vienna
Otto Wagner - Postsparkassenamt Exterior
1906 Vienna Although it is simplistic on the outside, there is a lot of light that enter the building to all the floors. Building is built in concrete.
Otto Wagner - Postsparkassenamt Interior
1906 Vienna Interior of the main hall
Otto Wagner - St. Leopold Church exterior
1907 Vienna at the Steinhof Psychiatric hospital One of the most imp Art Nouveau churches in the world
Otto Wagner - St. Leopold Church interior
1907 Vienna at the Steinhof Psychiatric hospital One of the most imp Art Nouveau churches in the world.
Alexandre Marcel - Hindu Palace
1910 Egypt French contractor & engineer built this Hindu imitation of Buddhist structure using concrete to build what was originally stone (this is like how the book of truth mentioned earlier...) not true to origin
Otto Wagner - Second Wagner House
1913 No Greek details & not symmetrical
Auguste Perret - Theater of the Champs-Elysees exterior
1913 Paris This derived from techniques from engineering.
Auguste Perret - Theater of the Champs-Elysees interior
1913 Paris This derived from techniques from engineering.
Francois Cointeaux
Combined stone & cement by inserting iron rods into the created reinforced concrete. concrete had been used by the Romans. They had not used it to build complex structure. Concrete by itself cannot be in tension, but concrete, iron, & can be. So reinforced concrete was extremely successful.
Viollet-le-Duc - Pierrefonds Castle
Restoration of structure in 1858 Architect was a painter, writer, architect, & bureaucrat. He fought for restoration of medieval buildings. He believes that buildings s/b restored to the way they SHOULD have been rather than restoring it to their original states.