Art Appreciation Final

Purse cover, from Sutton Hoo ship burial in Suffolk, England The motifs depicted on the Sutton Hoo Purse are typical of the____________ prevalent in the art of northwestern Europe at the time. The images were often accompanied by interlace, patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons and bands.

Animal Style

_____________ refers to size relationships between parts of a whole, or between two or more items perceived as a unit

Proportion

______________ is the art and science of designing building, bridges, and other structures to help us meet our personal and communal needs. It is experienced from within as well as without

Architecture

Complementary color

Colors opposite each other on the color wheel, and they intensify each other when placed next to each other. Orange and blue

The Mandala of Jnanadakini shows ______________ balance

Radial

Actual Mass

A Bronze sculpture occupies three-dimensional space and has measurable volume and weight. So it has ______________

Unlike their Greek and Romanpredecessors, Byzantine artists preferred _________________.

A flattened, abstracted style of art

By positioning the dark, dense image of death next to the billowing, light form representing life, Gustav Klimt's painting Death and Life demonstrates artistic use of ____________________

Asymmetrical Balance

Primary colors

Blue, yellow, red; using these three colors all other colors can be created

This Sculpture was the first full-rounded nude sculpture to be made since antiquity. The young David stands in contrapposto, and his body is naturally proportioned.

David by Donatello

Organic shapes; Geometric shapes

Drawing a person in a naturalist way would call for the use of soft curvilinear lines and would create ______________, but to make a drawing of office buildings would require an artist to use _______________ that are regular, easy to measure, and easy to describe

As seen in Adoration of the Shepherds by Giorgione, Renaissance Venetian artists took advantage of oil paint's _________ to build luminous layers of color.

Glazes

Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson creates ____________ through: size and placement of the figures, directional lines of sight leading to the focal point, elimination of detail and bright colors in the background, and contrasting values of dark skin against the pale background

Emphasis

______________ is an area of emphasis within a work of art.

Focal Point

The _________________________ is one of the best-preserved and most innovative temples for one of the few female rulers. It rises in a series of three broad terraces, then continues into the steep cliffs behind it, from which an inner sanctuary was hollowed out

Funerary Temple of Hatsheps

____________ should appear to reach up to heaven, it should have harmonious proportions, and it should be filled with light, which are created using pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and stained-glass windows so large they seemed like translucent walls.

Gothic Cathedrals

King Narmer is shown in commanding position, larger than the surrounding figures, this use of relative size to indicate the importance of the figure of King Namer is known as ______________.

Hierarchical scaling

Chiaroscuro

Leonardo da Vinci used _______________ the technique of gradual shifting from light to dark through successive gradation of tone across a curved surface in the work

Aphrodite of Melos

Match

Herakles and Nessos, from Olympia, Greece

Match

Kouros, from Attica, Greece

Match

Laocoön Group

Match

Warrior A

Match

The _______________ has been studied in greater detail than perhaps any other building in the Western tradition, for it served generations of European architects as a model of perfection

Parthenon

_____________ is known for a revival of Classical themes in art and literature, a return to the realistic depiction of nature through keen observation, and the revitalization of the Greek philosophy of humanism, in which human dignity, ideas, and capabilities are of central importance.

Renaissance

In James McNeill Whistler's work, Billingsgate, the repetition of the vertical lines of ship masts creates ________?

Rhythm

One of the effects of the Renaissance was to change the status of artists in Europe from__________________

Skilled crafts workers to intellectuals.

The Arts and Crafts movement came about as a reaction to _____________

The Industrial Revolution

Which 15th-centuryinvention led to the decrease in the practice of illumination by hand?

The Printing Press

The theme of the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes comes from _________________

The book of Genesis

Implied line

The direction the figures in a given composition are looking is one of the most powerful kinds of _______________

Content

There are three levels of ____________ subject matter, elements and composition, and underlying or symbolic meaning or themes.

In Stairs, Tina Modotti achieved _____________ by the use of the repetition of the rectangles and triangles shape

Unity

Iconography

_________________ in the visual arts and art history is the study of the themes and the significance attached to symbols that can help identify subject matter and place a work of art in its historical context

Motion

______ as an element began to be recognized more often in the 20th century when interactive art, video art, and film began to take hold as forms

Actual Texture

___________ is literally tactile, a quality we can experience through touch.

Form

_______________ is the physical appearance of a work-its materials, style, and composition-the product of the composition of the visual elements.

Style

__________________ is a characteristic, are a number of characteristics, that we can identify as constant, reoccurring, or coherent. In art, the sum of such characteristics associated with a particular artist, group, or culture, or with an artist's work a specific time.

Context

__________________ the personal, social, cultural, and historical setting in which a work of art was created, received, and interpreted.

Linear perspective

____________________ a system for depicting the depth, in which parallel lines receding into the distance converge at a point on the horizon line known as the vanishing point. Forms get smaller in proportion to the receding lines

Atmospheric perspective

_______________________ is a convention to create the illusion in depth in which the artist methodically changes the definition of the shapes in the distance so they are less sharply defined. The artist modifies the color, value contrast, and texture so they are also less defined

The technology of painting with oils was developed ___________________

by Northern Europeans

Sketches and drawings ___________

•Are quickly executed; a direct expression from the artist's brain to hand, usually not intended to be a finished work. •Are preliminary plans for future drawings, paintings or sculptures...and function as working ideas that lead to a finished work of art. •Are fully developed and autonomous works of art

Consider Botticelli's Primavera. These statements are true about Botticelli and this work.

•Botticelli's usual linear style and shallow modeling were an exception to Renaissancenorms, for example Venus looks as though she might be modeled in high relief, but notfully rounded. •The implied space is shallow, with the grove of trees serving almost as a backdrop, as in atheatrical production. •Appearances of Medici family symbols emphasize the role of patrons in Renaissance art.Botticelli's work displays the rarefied and learned side of Renaissance art. •Works like the Primavera hung in the great homes of wealthy Italian nobles, merchants,and bankers. They represented a family's power and social status within this elitecommunity. •In addition to Christian themes, Renaissance artists also turned to stories of Greek andRoman gods and goddesses for subject matter. An example is Botticelli's tempera painting Primavera, whose central subject is Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty.

Christ Entering Jerusalem by Duccio and The Lamentation by Giotto Italian artists Duccio, from Sienna, and his contemporary Giotto, from Florence, were influential in making the shift from art styles of the Middle Ages to the significantly different styles of the Renaissance. Which of these statements supports this?

•Duccio attempted to create believable space in a scene and employed architecture to define the space and direct the movement. This wasDuccio's almost unprecedented contribution using architecture to demarcate space rather than to function as a simple background. •Duccio's tempera on panel Christ Entering Jerusalem displays a departure from the flattened forms of medieval art. •Giotto made a more remarkable break with art traditions in TheLamentation, a fresco panel employing a highly original use of space. His scenes are composed as a stage, and the space in the foreground and background appears to be continuous. Giotto's presentation of the human figure displays rounded, full-bodied people who define the spatial aspect. •Both artists sought a new direction for painting in a more naturalistic, more human, and engaging representation of the physical world.

Italian Renaissance

•Focus on scientific principles of composition, accurate perspective (Linear, atmospheric) •Have a personal link to the creators of the Classical past. •Underlining musculature of the body.

The chances that a work of art from ancient times will be found or preserved are greatly increased if _____________________

•It was located where access from the outside world was limited. •The culture from which it came was stable and organized. •The local climate is conducive to preservation. •It is made of durable material

All the following are features of Romanesque architecture

•Overall massiveness. •Round arches. •Thick stone walls. •Barrel-vaulted stone ceilings.

Northern Renaissance

•Surface detail, capturing texture of velvet, sheen of silver. •Absorbed with the countless details of the visible world; decoration and surface and things.

Consider the fragment of a wall painting from the tomb of Nebamun, these statements are true about this work and true about Egyptian art in general

•The Egyptian wall painting from the tomb of Nebamun represents a hunting scene with the large figure of the hunter in keeping with the Egyptian stylized convention depicting the body, lower body is seen in profile, the torso full front, the head in profile, but the eye front again. •The birds and other creatures are painted with exact biological precision, conveying Egyptians' love of detail. •The composition employs the use of hierarchical scale, the largest figure being the most important, and suggests this is a male due to the dark coloring. The other, smaller figures are female, as indicated by the lighter, yellowish hue, color being a convention to depict gender

These statements are true about The Villa of Mysteries fresco?

•The Villa of Mysteries fresco is an example of the mastery of Roman wall painting. Located in a house of the same name, the fresco depicts a scene believed to represent secret cult rituals associated with the wine god Dionysus. •The figures stand as though on a ledge, in shallow but convincing space, interacting only slightly with one another. The artist segmented the mural into panels separated by black bands. •The figures overlap these panels freely, and there is no strong sense of individual episodes, or compartments, offering rhythm and design unity. •The fresco was preserved because it was covered by ashes when Mt.Vesuvius erupted and buried the town of Pompeii

Cimabue's Madonna Enthroned and Rathnasambhava, the Transcendent Buddha of the South are similar in all these ways

•They both include symbolic hand gestures •They were made in the same century •Their compositional structure is similar •They share a common theme of the sacred

The Merode Altarpiece: the Annunciation with Donors and St. Joseph, is awork from the Northern Renaissance believed to be by Robert Campin. These statements are true about this work.

•This work is a historical biblical painting in which the figures are placed in contemporary dress, usually the dress from the time period and culture of the artist. •This work is full of symbolism, such as the vase of lilies is a symbol for Mary's purity. •This painting has a historical biblical theme in which the owners or patrons of the work are depicted, but who could not have been alive at the time of the event. •The artist of Flanders are known for their supreme realism and this artist shows a meticulous rendering of details and in this work he has played attention to the precise replication of objects.

The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci displays, the Renaissance ideals of Classicism, humanism, and technical perfection. Remembering our lessons from Chapter 4: Visual Elements of Art and Chapter 5: Principles of Deign, which of these would be examples of "technical perfection."

•This work show a masterful use of chiaroscuro, or the gradual shifting from light to dark through successive gradation of tones across the surface. •Leonardo creates a focal point on Christ through isolation that results from the leaning away of the apostles. •The composition is organized through the use of one-point linear perspective. •The artist creates a focal point on Christ by the silhouette of Christ created by the light that pierces the otherwise dark background.

Old St. Peter's

•Transept: The arm of a cruciform church perpendicular to the nave. The transept often marks the beginning of the apse. •Aspe: The semicircular, protruding niche at one or both ends of the nave of a Roman basilica. In basilica-based church architecture, an apse houses the altar and may be elongated to include a choir. •Aisle; Generally. a passageway flanking a central area. In a basilica or cathedral, aisles flank the nave. •Nave: In an ancient Roman basilica, the taller central space flanked by aisles. In a cruciform church, the long space flanked by aisles and leading from the entrance to the transept. •Narthex: In early Christian architecture, the porch of vestibule serving as an entryway to a church. •Atrium: The court of a Roman house that is partly open to the sky. Also the open, colonnaded court in front of and attached to a Christian basilica

We have a better understanding and appreciation for a work of art when we have a knowledge of its place in time.

•What traditions was the artist building on or rebelling against? •What did society at that time expect of its artist? •When and where was it made?

According to the author, the impulse to create art comes from basic human interests in ________.

•constructing images and forms that carry meaning •exploring aesthetic possibilities •creating order and structure

The following characteristics are all typical of Italian Baroque art ________________.

•emotion. •ornamentation. •movement •theatricality